Karl W. Birkeland

发表

A conceptual model of avalanche hazard

John Kelly, Pascal Haegeli, Brad White, 2017, Natural Hazards.

Reliability of sampling designs for spatial snow surveys

Kalle Kronholm, Karl W. Birkeland, K. Birkeland, 2007, Comput. Geosci..

DEVELOPING OPERATIONAL GUIDELINES TO REDUCE WORKER RISK AT US AVALANCHE CENTERS

Karl W. Birkeland, Simon Trautman, 2014 .

Temporal Changes in the Spatial Variability of Shear Strength and Stability

Kalle Kronholm, Karl W. Birkeland, Spencer Logan, 2004 .

NXD2000: An Improved Avalanche Forecasting Program Based on the Nearest Neighbor Method

Martin Gassner, Karl W. Birkeland, Tom Leonard, 2000 .

A statistical validation of the snowpack model in a Montana climate

Michael Lehning, Edward E. Adams, Karl W. Birkeland, 2001 .

The Extended Column Test: A Field Test for Fracture Initiation and Propagation

Karl W. Birkeland, Ron Simenhois, K. Birkeland, 2006 .

Meteorological variables to aid forecasting deep slab avalanches on persistent weak layers

Kathryn M. Irvine, Jordy Hendrikx, Karl W. Birkeland, 2015 .

TERMINOLOGY AND PREDOMINANT PROCESSES ASSOCIATED WITH THE FORMATION OF WEAK LAYERS OF NEAR-SURFACE FACETED CRYSTALS IN THE MOUNTAIN SNOWPACK

Karl W. Birkeland, K. Birkeland, 1998 .

HELICOPTER-BASED MICROWAVE RADAR MEASUREMENTS IN ALPINE TERRAIN

Kelly Elder, Hans-Peter Marshall, Karl W. Birkeland, 2008 .

Mapping starting zone snow depth with a ground-based lidar to assist avalanche control and forecasting

David C. Finnegan, Jeffrey S. Deems, Karl W. Birkeland, 2015 .

The spatial variability of snow resistance on potential avalanche slopes

Karl W. Birkeland, R. L. Brown, K. Birkeland, 1995, Journal of Glaciology.

Variations in snow strength and stability on uniform slopes

John J. Borkowski, Karl W. Birkeland, R. L. Brown, 2004 .

Changes in the shear strength and micro-penetration hardness of a buried surface-hoar layer

Kalle Kronholm, Martin Schneebeli, Karl W. Birkeland, 2004, Annals of Glaciology.

Power‐laws and snow avalanches

Karl W. Birkeland, K. Birkeland, C. Landry, 2002 .

THE NORTH AMERICAN PUBLIC AVALANCHE DANGER SCALE

Pascal Haegeli, Brad White, Grant Statham, 2010 .

Snow Avalanche Climatology of the Western United States Mountain Ranges

Karl W. Birkeland, K. Birkeland, C. Mock, 2000 .

Temporal changes in the slope–scale spatial variability of the shear strength of buried surface hoar layers

Kalle Kronholm, Karl W. Birkeland, Spencer Logan, 2007 .

Integrating spatial patterns into a snow avalanche cellular automata model

Kalle Kronholm, Karl W. Birkeland, K. Birkeland, 2005 .

The Extended Column Test: Test effectiveness, spatial variability, and comparison with the Propagation Saw Test

Karl W. Birkeland, Ron Simenhois, K. Birkeland, 2008 .

A Comparison of the Spatial Structure of the Penetration Resistance of Snow Layers in Two Different Snow Climates

Kalle Kronholm, Karl W. Birkeland, Spencer Logan, 2004 .

A Probabilistic Technique for Exploring Multi-Scale Spatial Patterns in Historical Avalanche Data By Combining GIS and Meteorological Nearest Neighbors with an Example from the Jackson Hole Ski Area

Richard Aspinall, Karl W. Birkeland, Kathy Hansen, 2002 .