Richard Spano

"Drop the clipboard and help me!": The determinants of observer behavior in police encounters with suspects

Michael D. Reisig, Richard Spano, R. Spano, 2006 .

Social Guardianship and Social Isolation: An Application and Extension of Lifestyle/Routine Activities Theory to Rural Adolescents*

Richard Spano, S. Nagy, R. Spano, 2005 .

Gang Membership, Gun Carrying, and Employment: Applying Routine Activities Theory to Explain Violent Victimization Among Inner City, Minority Youth Living in Extreme Poverty*

Joshua D. Freilich, Richard Spano, R. Spano, 2008 .

Potential sources of observer bias in police observational data

Richard Spano, R. Spano, 2005 .