David E. Avison

发表

Defining the Business Model in the New World of Digital Business

Mutaz M. Al-Debei, Ramzi El-Haddadeh, David E. Avison, 2008, AMCIS.

Reopening The Centralization-Decentralization Debate: A Comparative Case Study Of ERP Implementation In Two Chinese Petroleum Companies

Li Yan, David E. Avison, Julien Malaurent, 2012, PACIS.

Is theory king?: questioning the theory fetish in information systems

David E. Avison, Julien Malaurent, Julien Malaurent, 2014, J. Inf. Technol..

Information Systems Development Research: An Exploration of Ideas in Practice

Trevor Wood-Harper, David E. Avison, T. Wood-Harper, 1991, Comput. J..

Controlling action research projects

David E. Avison, Richard Baskerville, Michael D. Myers, 2001, Inf. Technol. People.

Information Systems Development: A Tool Kit is not Enough

Trevor Wood-Harper, Guy Fitzgerald, Trevor Wood-Harper, 1988, Computer/law journal.

Cross-cultural (mis)communication in IS offshoring: understanding through conversation analysis

David E. Avison, Peter Banks, D. Avison, 2008, J. Inf. Technol..

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, Philip Powell, 2010, Inf. Syst. J..

Meso Level as an Indicator of Knowledge Society Development

David E. Avison, Aljona Zorina, 2010, Int. J. Knowl. Soc. Res..

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, Philip Powell, 2010, Inf. Syst. J..

IS action research: can we serve two masters? (panel session)

Trevor Wood-Harper, David E. Avison, Richard Baskerville, 1999, ICIS.

An opportunity for editors of I.S. journals to relate their experiences and offer advice. The editorial view of David Avison Guy Fitzgerald and Philip Powell, Editors: of the Information Systems Journal: Second in a series

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, Philip Powell, 2006, Eur. J. Inf. Syst..

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, D. Avison, 1991, Information Systems Journal.

Causal-Loop Diagrams in Information Systems Research into Strategic Alignment

David E. Avison, Bruce Campbell, D. Avison, 2004 .

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, 2012, Inf. Syst. J..

A contingency framework for information systems development

David E. Avison, 1990 .

A narrative approach to publishing information systems research: inspiration from the French New Novel tradition

David E. Avison, Julien Malaurent, Philippe Eynaud, 2017, Eur. J. Inf. Syst..

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, D. Avison, 1992, Information Systems Journal.

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, 1995, Inf. Syst. J..

Applying methodologies for information systems development

David E. Avison, R. S. Powell, Hanifa Unisa Shah, 1992, J. Inf. Technol..

The Supervisor-Student Relationship: The Problem of Conflicting 'Mixed Metaphors'

Aakanksha Gaur, David E. Avison, Julien Malaurent, 2013, Bled eConference.

Strategic alignment: a practitioner's perspective

David E. Avison, Robert Kay, Bruce Campbell, 2005, J. Enterp. Inf. Manag..

Suggestions for capturing corporate vision in strategic information systems

David E. Avison, Philip Powell, Wa Eardley, 1998 .

The Introduction of ERP systems by Foreign Firms in China: Impact of Cultural Differences

David E. Avison, D. Avison, 2008, PACIS.

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, Jonathan Rosenhead, 1993, Information Systems Journal.

When Environment Matters: Inter-Organizational Effects on Sociomaterial Imbrications and Change

David E. Avison, Aljona Zorina, D. Avison, 2011, ICIS.

Tools Supporting Soft Systems

David E. Avison, Paul Golder, D. Avison, 1991 .

International Information Systems Journals: How Do They Differ from Their North American Counterparts?

Robert M. MacGregor, David E. Avison, Robert D. Galliers, 1994, International Conference on Interaction Sciences.

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, D. Avison, 1992, Information Systems Journal.

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, 1995, Inf. Syst. J..

IT Failure and Professional Ethics: The One.Tel Case

David E. Avison, David Wilson, 2005, PACIS.

Towards an SSM toolkit: rich picture diagramming

David E. Avison, H. U. Shah, Paul Golder, 1992 .

Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems, ICIS 2005, December 11-14, 2005, Las Vegas, NV, USA

Dennis F. Galletta, David E. Avison, D. Avison, 2005, ICIS.

La recherche qualitative en systemes d'information

David E. Avison, Michael D. Myers, David E. Avison, 2002 .

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, Philip Powell, 2009, Inf. Syst. J..

Information systems development methodologies: a broader perspective

David E. Avison, D. Avison, 1996 .

Action learning for information systems teaching

David E. Avison, D. Avison, 1989 .

Visioning and Engineering the Knowledge Society. A Web Science Perspective, Second World Summit on the Knowledge Society, WSKS 2009, Chania, Crete, Greece, September 16-18, 2009. Proceedings

Gottfried Vossen, Miltiadis D. Lytras, Janice C. Sipior, 2009, WSKS.

Method Engineering: Reflections on the Past and Ways Forward

David E. Avison, Duane P. Truex, D. Avison, 2003, AMCIS.

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, Philip Powell, 2001, Inf. Syst. J..

Reflexivity: A third essential 'R' to enhance interpretive field studies

David E. Avison, Julien Malaurent, Julien Malaurent, 2017, Inf. Manag..

Reflections on writing with others: The use of metaphors to describe and develop writing relationships

Aakanksha Gaur, David E. Avison, Julien Malaurent, 2014, CONF-IRM.

Mastering Business Microcomputing

David E. Avison, D. Avison, 1987 .

The Limits to DSS: Supporting Vision, Creativity and Future Thinking

Alan Eardley, David E. Avison, Philip Powell, 1997 .

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, Philip Powell, 2009, Inf. Syst. J..

The Past and Future of Information Systems: 1976 -2006 and Beyond: IFIP 19th World Computer Congress, TC-8, Information System Stream, August 21-23, 2006, ... Federation for Information Processing)

David E. Avison, Jan Pries-Heje, John Krogstie, 2006 .

From an apparent failure to a success story: ERP in China - Post implementation

David E. Avison, Julien Malaurent, Julien Malaurent, 2015, Int. J. Inf. Manag..

Information Systems Project Management

David E. Avison, Gholamreza Torkzadeh, 2008 .

Theories in Business and Information Systems Engineering

Bernhard Thalheim, Martin Bichler, Daniel Schnurr, 2016, Bus. Inf. Syst. Eng..

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, D. Avison, 1993, Information Systems Journal.

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, Philip Powell, 2012, Inf. Syst. J..

Action Programmes for Teaching and Researching in Information Systems

David E. Avison, D. Avison, 1991, Australian Computer Journal.

An exploration of the real or imagined consequences of information systems research for practice

Shirley Gregor, David E. Avison, D. Avison, 2009, ECIS.

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, Philip Powell, 2011, Inf. Syst. J..

Key Issues in Information Systems and Software Engineering - Views From a Joint Network of Practitioners and Academics

Kecheng Liu, Rachel Harrison, David E. Avison, 2003, ICEIS.

Erp Introduction in China: Analysing Cultural Problems Using Structuration Theory

David E. Avison, Julien Malaurent, 2008, PACIS.

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, Philip Powell, 2003, Information Systems Journal.

The potential of hermeneutics in information systems research

David E. Avison, Melissa Cole, D. Avison, 2007, Eur. J. Inf. Syst..

The Status of the Discipline of Information Systems

David E. Avison, D. Avison, 2007, ICIS.

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, D. Avison, 1995, Information Systems Journal.

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, Philip Powell, 2001, Information Systems Journal.

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, Philip Powell, 2011, Inf. Syst. J..

Advances in Information Systems Research, Education and Practice: IFIP 20th World Computer Congress, TC 8, Information Systems, September 7-10, 2008, Milano, ... in Information and Communication Technology)

David E. Avison, Isabel Ramos, Barbara Pernici, 2010 .

Decision support in a microcomputing environment

David E. Avison, C. Freeman, D. Avison, 1992 .

Tools for SSM: a justification – a reply to ‘critique of two contributions to soft systems methodology’

David E. Avison, H. U. Shah, Paul Golder, 1993 .

Enid Mumford: a tribute

Trevor Wood-Harper, Niels Bjørn-Andersen, Gordon B. Davis, 2006, Inf. Syst. J..

The Nature of Information Systems and the Role of Practice

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, D. Avison, 1991 .

The paradox of information systems: strategic value and low status

David E. Avison, Philip Powell, C. H. Cuthbertson, 1999, J. Strateg. Inf. Syst..

Managerial IT unconsciousness

Shirley Gregor, David E. Avison, David Wilson, 2006, CACM.

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, Philip Powell, 2011, Inf. Syst. J..

Reflection on Development Techniques Using the Psychology Literature: Over Two Decades of Bias and Conceptual Blocks

David E. Avison, Carl Adams, D. Avison, 2004, Relevant Theory and Informed Practice.

Information Systems Definition: The Multiview Approach

David E. Avison, A. T. Wood-Harper, Lyn Antill, 1985 .

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, Philip Powell, 2010, Inf. Syst. J..

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, John Mingers, 1993, Information Systems Journal.

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, Philip Powell, 2008, Inf. Syst. J..

Conclusions from Action Research: The Multiview Experience

David E. Avison, A. T. Wood-Harper, D. Avison, 1991 .

Developing Information Systems to Support Flexible Strategy

Alan Eardley, David E. Avison, Philip Powell, 1997, J. Organ. Comput. Electron. Commer..

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, Philip Powell, 2012, Inf. Syst. J..

Macro Analysis of Techniques to Deal with Uncertainty in Information Systems Development: Mapping Representational Framing Influences

David E. Avison, Carl Adams, D. Avison, 2002, Soft-Ware.

Information systems and anthropology: and anthropological perspective on IT and organizational culture

David E. Avison, Michael D. Myers, M. D. Myers, 1995, Inf. Technol. People.

Is IS an intellectual subject?

David E. Avison, D. Avison, 2003, Eur. J. Inf. Syst..

Bringing social and organisational issues into information systems development: the story of multiview

Trevor Wood-Harper, David E. Avison, T. Wood-Harper, 2003 .

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, Philip Powell, 2003, Information Systems Journal.

A management approach to database applications

David E. Avison, Christine Cuthbertson, D. Avison, 2002 .

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, 2000, Inf. Syst. J..

The Need for Tool Support for Soft Systems

David E. Avison, Paul Golder, D. Avison, 1991 .

Multiview - An Exploration in Information Systems Development

Trevor Wood-Harper, Trevor Wood-Harper, David E. Avison, 1986, Aust. Comput. J..

Information systems action research: Debunking myths and overcoming barriers

Robert M. Davison, David E. Avison, Julien Malaurent, 2017, Inf. Manag..

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, D. Avison, 1999, Information Systems Journal.

Using and validating the strategic alignment model

David E. Avison, Philip Powell, Jill Jones, 2004, J. Strateg. Inf. Syst..

Welcome to AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction

David E. Avison, Guy Fitzgerald, 2009 .

Information Systems Development: Methodologies, Techniques and Tools

David E. Avison, Guy Fitzgerald, D. Avison, 1988 .

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, D. Avison, 1994, Information Systems Journal.

Special Issue: Action Research in Information Systems

David E. Avison, Julien Malaurent, Ned Kock, 2017, J. Manag. Inf. Syst..

Innovation Management in the Knowledge Economy: The Intersection of Macro and Micro Levels

David E. Avison, Aljona Zorina, D. Avison, 2009, WSKS.

The discipline of information systems: Let many flowers bloom!

David E. Avison, Joe Nandhakumar, D. Avison, 1995, ISCO.

INFORMATION SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT

David E. Avison, Richard Baskerville, Leslie P. Willcocks, 2006 .

Information systems practice, education and research

David E. Avison, Guy Fitzgerald, D. Avison, 1991, Inf. Syst. J..

Emerging Paths towards E2.0: the Case of Social Enterprise. Results from a 1-year Research

Gottfried Vossen, David E. Avison, John M. Carroll, 2008, World Summit on the Knowledge Society.

Architectural images of computer-based information systems development: A response to "A viewpoint of software engineering and information systems: integrating the disciplines"

David E. Avison, David Wilson, Christopher J. Atkinson, 2003, Inf. Softw. Technol..

Dangers inherent in the use of techniques: identifying framing influences

David E. Avison, Carl Adams, D. Avison, 2003, Inf. Technol. People.

Panel: OASIS in the Mirror: Reflections on the Impacts and Research of IFIP WG 8.2

Gordon B. Davis, David E. Avison, Julie E. Kendall, 2006, IFIP TC8 WCC ISS.

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, D. Avison, 1992, Information Systems Journal.

Technology Enhanced Learning. Quality of Teaching and Educational Reform

Miltiadis D. Lytras, David E. Avison, Qun Jin, 2010, Communications in Computer and Information Science.

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, 2000, Inf. Syst. J..

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, Philip Powell, 2010, Inf. Syst. J..

From third generation to fourth generation applications development

David E. Avison, H. U. Shah, D. Avison, 1992 .

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, Philip Powell, 2011, Inf. Syst. J..

Erratum to: Theories in Business and Information Systems Engineering

Bernhard Thalheim, Martin Bichler, Daniel Schnurr, 2016, Bus. Inf. Syst. Eng..

The Open Knowlege Society. A Computer Science and Information Systems Manifesto, First World Summit on the Knowledge Society, WSKS 2008, Athens, Greece, September 24-26, 2008. Proceedings

Gottfried Vossen, Miltiadis D. Lytras, Ernesto Damiani, 2008, World Summit on the Knowledge Society.

Action research: a research approach for cooperative work

David E. Avison, D. Avison, 2002, The 7th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design.

Review of Redesigning human systems by E. Mumford, Published by Information Science Publishing, Hershey, PA, US, 2003

David E. Avison, 2004 .

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, Philip Powell, 2011, Inf. Syst. J..

A viewpoint on software engineering and information systems: what we can learn from the construction industry?

David E. Avison, David Wilson, D. Avison, 2001, Information and Software Technology.

Together we will find a 'Jugaad': Resource bricolage in the Indian mobile payments sector

Aakanksha Gaur, David E. Avison, Julien Malaurent, 2014, AMCIS.

Rigour in Action Research: Some Observations and a Plea

David E. Avison, D. Avison, 1998, Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems.

Information Systems Failure Explained through the Lens of the Cultural Web

David E. Avison, David Wilson, 2004, ICEIS.

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, D. Avison, 1991, Information Systems Journal.

A Tool Kit for Soft Systems Methodology

David E. Avison, Paul A. Golder, H. U. Shah, 1992, The Impact of Computer Supported Technologies in Information Systems Development.

Is theory king?: a rejoinder

David E. Avison, Julien Malaurent, Julien Malaurent, 2014, J. Inf. Technol..

Information systems development: methodologies, techniques and tools (3rd edition)

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, 2003 .

Panel: Methodological systems development in the era of visual programming and world wide web

Keng Siau, David E. Avison, Joe Nandhakumar, 1998, ECIS.

A departmental information system

David E. Avison, 1990 .

Impact of cultural differences: A case study of ERP introduction in China

David E. Avison, Julien Malaurent, Julien Malaurent, 2007, Int. J. Inf. Manag..

Developing web information systems

Trevor Wood-Harper, David E. Avison, Richard Vidgen, 2002 .

Approaches to Developing Information Systems

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, D. Avison, 2011 .

An SSM toolkit: rich picture diagramming

David E. Avison, H. U. Shah, Paul Golder, 1991 .

The fiction of methodological development: a field study of information systems development

David E. Avison, Joe Nandhakumar, D. Avison, 1999, Inf. Technol. People.

Where now for development methodologies?

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, D. Avison, 2003, CACM.

From espoused values to action: a commentary on ‘Are we making a better world with ICTs?’

David E. Avison, D. Avison, 2012, J. Inf. Technol..

TOWARDS A BUSINESS MODEL FOR CELLULAR NETWORK AND TELECOMMUNICATION OPERATORS: A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Mutaz M. Al-Debei, Ramzi El-Haddadeh, David E. Avison, 2008 .

Reflections and opinions on 25 years with the ISJ

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, D. Avison, 2012, Inf. Syst. J..

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, Philip Powell, 2011, Inf. Syst. J..

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, D. Avison, 1992, Information Systems Journal.

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, 1994, Inf. Syst. J..

Information systems development: current themes and future directions

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, D. Avison, 1988 .

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, D. Avison, 2001, Information Systems Journal.

Advances in Information Systems Research, Education and Practice: IFIP 20th World Computer Congress, TC 8, Information Systems, September 7-10, 2008, Milano, ... Federation for Information Processing)

David E. Avison, Isabel Ramos, Barbara Pernici, 2008 .

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, Philip Powell, 2009, Inf. Syst. J..

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, 1996, Inf. Syst. J..

Discovering new ict-enabled models: the case of grassroots development of internet access in belarus

David E. Avison, Aljona Zorina, D. Avison, 2011, ECIS.

Positivist Information Systems Action Research: Methodological Issues

David E. Avison, Julien Malaurent, Ned Kock, 2017, J. Manag. Inf. Syst..

Information systems development methodologies: a classification according to problem situation

David E. Avison, V. Taylor, D. Avison, 1997, J. Inf. Technol..

ERP global template and organizational informal structures (a practice-based study)

David E. Avison, Julien Malaurent, 2011, ECIS.

A further exploration into information systems development: the evolution of Multiview2

J. R. G. Wood, Trevor Wood-Harper, Richard T. Vidgen, 1998, Inf. Technol. People.

Redesigning Human Systems

David E. Avison, 2004 .

Identifying and incorporating change in information systems

David E. Avison, Philip Powell, Carl Adams, 1994 .

Action research

David E. Avison, Peter Axel Nielsen, Michael D. Myers, 1999, CACM.

Human, Organizational, and Social Dimensions of Information Systems Development, Proceedings of the IFIP WG8.2 Working Group Information Systems Development: Human, Social, and Organizational Aspects, Nordwijkerhout, The Netherlands, 17-19 May, 1993

David E. Avison, Julie E. Kendall, Janice I. DeGross, 1993, Human, Organizational, and Social Dimensions of Information Systems Development.

Reminiscences and Reflections on my Retirement: Ten Takeaways that Worked for Me

David E. Avison, D. Avison, 2019, Commun. Assoc. Inf. Syst..

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, D. Avison, 1994, Information Systems Journal.

IT Failure and the Collapse of One.Tel

David E. Avison, David Wilson, D. Avison, 2002, Information Systems: The e-Business Challenge.

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, Philip Powell, 2010, Inf. Syst. J..

MERISE: A European methodology for developing information systems

David E. Avison, D. Avison, 1991 .

Best Practices for the Knowledge Society. Knowledge, Learning, Development and Technology for All, Second World Summit on the Knowledge Society, WSKS 2009, Chania, Crete, Greece, September 16-18, 2009. Proceedings

Miltiadis D. Lytras, Ernesto Damiani, Patricia Ordóñez de Pablos, 2009, WSKS.

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, Philip Powell, 2004, Information Systems Journal.

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, D. Avison, 1991, Information Systems Journal.

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, Philip Powell, 2009, Inf. Syst. J..

Designing an Appropriate Information Systems Development Methodology for Different Situations

David E. Avison, Jan Pries-Heje, 2007, ICEIS.

Becoming involved with conferences: lessons from ECIS

Marianna Sigala, David E. Avison, Robert Winter, 2005 .

Invited Paper: Reflections on Teaching Information Systems Analysis and Design: From Then to Now!

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, Melissa Cole, 2006, J. Inf. Syst. Educ..

From global template to local enactments: a longitudinal account of erp practice diffusion in chinese subsidiaries of a french multinational corporation

David E. Avison, Julien Malaurent, Francois-Xavier De Vaujany, 2012 .

The Structure of Power in Action Research Projects

David E. Avison, Richard Baskerville, Michael D. Myers, 2007 .

Time to rethink health care and ICT?

David E. Avison, Terry Young, D. Avison, 2007, CACM.

Emancipatory Research Themes in Information Systems Development: Human, Organizational and Social Aspects

David E. Avison, Julie E. Kendall, D. Avison, 1993, Human, Organizational, and Social Dimensions of Information Systems Development.

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, D. Avison, 1994, Information Systems Journal.

Information Systems in the MBA Curriculum: An International Perspective

David E. Avison, 2003, Commun. Assoc. Inf. Syst..

Panel: Becoming involved with conferences: Lessons from ECIS

Marianna Sigala, Robert Winter, David E. Avison, 2005, European Conference on Information Systems.

Developing a unified framework of the business model concept

Mutaz M. Al-Debei, David E. Avison, D. Avison, 2010, Eur. J. Inf. Syst..

Flexible Information Systems Development: Designing an Appropriate Methodology for Different Situations

David E. Avison, Jan Pries-Heje, 2007, ICEIS.

Editorial

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, 1996, Inf. Syst. J..

Reflections on Information Systems Development 1988–2002

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, D. Avison, 2002 .

The UK Information Systems Perspective: A Personal View

David E. Avison, 2002 .

Panel 8 IS Action Research: Can We Serve Two Masters?

Trevor Wood-Harper, David E. Avison, Richard Baskerville, 1999 .

Editorial: Using FPA mark II

Guy Fitzgerald, David E. Avison, D. Avison, 2008 .

Best Practices for the Knowledge Society. Knowledge, Learning, Development and Technology for All: Second World Summit on the Knowledge Society, WSKS 2009, ... in Computer and Information Science)

Miltiadis D. Lytras, Ernesto Damiani, David E. Avison, 2009 .

Proceedings of the 2nd World Summit on the Knowledge Society: Visioning and Engineering the Knowledge Society. A Web Science Perspective

Gottfried Vossen, Miltiadis D. Lytras, Janice C. Sipior, 2009 .

Flexibility and the management of uncertainty: a risk management perspective

David E. Avison, Philip Powell, Stephen Ward, 1997 .

Proceedings of the IFIP WG8.2 Working Group on Information Systems Development: Human, Social, and Organizational Aspects: Human, Organizational, and Social Dimensions of Information Systems Development

David E. Avison, Julie E. Kendall, Janice I. DeGross, 1993 .