K. Spence

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The role of secondary reinforcement in delayed reward learning.

K. Spence, 1947 .

The nature of discrimination learning in animals.

K. Spence, 1936 .

Behavior Theory and Conditioning

K. Spence, 1978 .

Eyelid conditioning as a function of the inter-trial interval.

K. Spence, E. Norris, 1950, Journal of experimental psychology.

Analysis of the formation of visual discrimination habits in chimpanzee.

K. Spence, 1937 .

The differential response in animals to stimuli varying within a single dimension.

K. Spence, 1937 .

"Correction" vs. "non-correction" method of trial-and-error learning in rats.

C. L. Hull, K. Spence, 1938 .

Failure of Transposition in Size-Discrimination of Chimpanzees

K. Spence, 1941 .

Theoretical interpretations of learning.

K. Spence, 1942 .

The basis of solution by chimpanzees of the intermediate size problem.

K. Spence, 1942 .

The logic of psychophysical measurement

K. Spence, G. Bergmann, 1944 .

An experimental test of the sign-gestalt theory of trial and error learning.

K. Spence, R. Lippitt, 1946 .

The postulates and methods of behaviorism.

K. Spence, 1948, Psychological review.

Experimental studies of learning and the higher mental processes in infra-human primates.

K. Spence, 1937 .

Operationism and Theory in Psychology

K. Spence, G. Bergmann, 1941 .

The nature of the response in discrimination learning.

Kenneth W. Spence, K. Spence, 1952 .

The speculations of Leeper with respect to the Iowa tests of the sign-gestalt theory of learning.

K. Spence, H. Kendler, 1948, Journal of experimental psychology.

Visual acuity and its relation to brightness in chimpanzee and man

K. Spence, 1934 .

Weight, growth and age in chimpanzee†

K. Spence, R. Yerkes, 1937 .

Differential eyelid conditioning under equated drive as a function of reinforcing UCS.

K. Spence, B. Tandler, 1963, Journal of experimental psychology.

Cognitive versus stimulus-response theories of learning.

K. Spence, 1950, Psychological review.

Distinguished Scientific Contribution Awards for 1977

Patrick Suppes, Richard C. Atkinson, C. H. Graham, 1973 .

Learning and performance in eyelid conditioning as a function of intensity of the UCS.

K. Spence, 1953, Journal of experimental psychology.

Continuous versus non-continuous interpretations of discrimination learning.

K. Spence, 1940 .

A Comparative Study of Groups of High and Low Intelligence in Learning a Maze

K. Spence, S. Townsend, 1930 .

RELATION OF EYELID CONDITIONING TO MANIFEST ANXIETY, EXTRAVERSION, AND RIGIDITY.

K. Spence, J. Spence, 1964, Journal of abnormal psychology.

Mathematical formulations of learning phenomena.

K. Spence, 1952, Psychological review.

Conditioning level in the behavior disorders.

K. Spence, J. Taylor, 1954, Journal of abnormal psychology.

The relation of anxiety (drive) level to performance in competitional and non-competitional paired-associates learning.

K W SPENCE, K. Spence, I. Farber, 1956, Journal of experimental psychology.

The relationship of anxiety level to performance in serial learning.

K. Spence, J. Taylor, J. Taylor, 1952, Journal of experimental psychology.

Extinction of the human eyelid CR as a function of presence or absence of the UCS during extinction.

K. Spence, 1966, Journal of experimental psychology.

Sex and anxiety differences in eyelid conditioning.

K. Spence, J. Spence, 1966, Psychological bulletin.

Eyelid conditioning performance as a function of emotion-producing instructions.

K. Spence, H. Goldstein, 1961, Journal of experimental psychology.

Differential conditioning and level of anxiety.

K. Spence, R. Beecroft, 1954, Journal of experimental psychology.

Anxiety and strength of the UCS as determiners of the amount of eyelid conditioning.

K. Spence, J. Taylor, J. Taylor, 1951, Journal of experimental psychology.

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K. Spence, E. I., 2022 .

CHAPTER 12 – The Motivational Components of Manifest Anxiety: Drive and Drive Stimuli1

K. Spence, J. Spence, 1966 .

Cognitive and drive factors in the extinction of the conditioned eye blink in human subjects.

K. Spence, 1966, Psychological review.

Intertrial reinforcement and the partial reinforcement effect as a function of number of training trials

K. Spence, J. Platt, R. Matsumoto, 1965 .

The effect of overlearning on rate of extinction of the eyelid CR

K. Spence, E. Rutledge, 1964 .

EFFECT OF A NUMBER OF ACQUISITION TRIALS AND THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF THE UCS ON EXTINCTION OF THE EYELID CR.

K. Spence, J. Talbott, E. Rutledge, 1963, Journal of experimental psychology.

UCS INTENSITY AND PERFORMANCE IN EYELID CONDITIONING.

K. Spence, J. Platt, 1966 .

Performance in eyelid conditioning as a function of UCS duration.

K. Spence, W. Runquist, 1959, Journal of experimental psychology.

A theory of emotionally based drive (D) and its relation to performance in simple learning situations.

K. Spence, 1958 .

Differential conditioning and intensity of the UCS.

K W SPENCE, K. Spence, W. Runquist, 1958, Journal of experimental psychology.

An experimental test of the continuity and non-continuity theories of discrimination learning.

K. Spence, 1945 .

A study of simple learning under irrelevant motivational-reward conditions.

K. Spence, R. Lippitt, G. Bergmann, 1950, Journal of experimental psychology.

The r?le of final and sub-goals in distance discrimination by the white rat.

K. Spence, G. Grice, 1942 .

The factors determining the difficulty of blind alleys in maze learning by the white rat.

K. Spence, W. C. Shipley, 1934 .

The order of eliminating blinds in maze learning by the rat.

K. Spence, 1932 .

A reply to Dr. Razran on the transposition of response in discrimination experiments.

K. Spence, 1939 .

evolution of an elemental theory of Pavlovian conditioning

K. Spence, Kenneth Spence, 2008 .

Effects of anxiety, stress, and task variables on reaction time.

K W SPENCE, K. Spence, I. Farber, 1956, Journal of personality.

Behavior Theory and Learning: Selected Papers

K. Spence, 2012 .

Conditioning and extinction as a function of anxiety.

K. Spence, I. Farber, KENNETH W Spence, 1953, Journal of experimental psychology.

Cognitive Factors in the Extinction of the Conditioned Eyelid Response in Humans

K. Spence, 1963, Science.

The nature of theory construction in contemporary psychology.

K. Spence, 1944 .

Essays in neobehaviorism : a memorial volume to Kenneth W. Spence

K. Spence, H. Kendler, J. Spence, 1971 .

Performance in differential conditioning and discrimination learning as a function of hunger and relative response frequency.

K. Spence, L. E. Ross, K. P. Goodrich, 1959, Journal of experimental psychology.

The relation of conditioned response strength to anxiety in normal, neurotic, and psychotic subjects.

K. Spence, J. Taylor, 1953, Journal of experimental psychology.

Complex learning and conditioning as a function of anxiety.

K. Spence, I. Farber, KENNETH W Spence, 1953, Journal of experimental psychology.

Intrasubject Conditioning as a Function of the Intensity of the Unconditioned Stimulus

K. Spence, L. E. Ross, D. Haggard, 1958, Science.

ANXIETY (DRIVE) LEVEL AND PERFORMANCE IN EYELID CONDITIONING.

K. Spence, 1964, Psychological bulletin.

Performance in differential conditioning as a function of variation in magnitude of reward.

K. Spence, H. Goldstein, 1963, Journal of experimental psychology.

The relation of anxiety to differential eyelid conditioning.

K. Spence, I. Farber, 1954, Journal of experimental psychology.

The relation of response latency and speed to the intervening variables and N in S-R theory.

K. Spence, 1954, Psychological review.

Mathematical theories of learning.

Kenneth W. Spence, K. Spence, 1953 .

A methodological study of the form and latency of eyelid responses in conditioning.

K. Spence, L. E. Ross, 1959, Journal of experimental psychology.

The relation of electric shock and anxiety to level of performance in eyelid conditioning.

K. Spence, E. Taylor, I. Farber, 1954, Journal of experimental psychology.

Current Interpretations of Learning Data and Some Recent Developments in Stimulus-Response Theory.

K. Spence, 1954 .

The nature of the response in discrimination learning.

K W SPENCE, K. Spence, 1952, Psychological review.

Anxiety (drive) level and degree of competition in paired-associates learning.

K W SPENCE, K. Spence, R KETCHEL, 1956, Journal of Experimental Psychology.

Effects of intertrial reinforcement on resistance to extinction following extended training.

K. Spence, R. Black, 1965, Journal of experimental psychology.

THE EFFECTS OF OCCIPITAL LOBECTOMY ON VISION IN CHIMPANZEE

K. Spence, J. Fulton, 1936 .

The Empirical Basis and Theoretical Structure of Psychology

K. Spence, 1957, Philosophia Scientiæ.

Effects of partial reinforcement of acquisition and extinction of the conditioned eyeblink in a masking situation.

K. Spence, J. Platt, 1967, Journal of experimental psychology.

EXTINCTION OF THE HUMAN EYELID CR AS A FUNCTION OF THE DISCRIMINABILITY OF THE CHANGE FROM ACQUISITION TO EXTINCTION.

K W SPENCE, K. Spence, M J HOMZIE, 1964, Journal of experimental psychology.

Conditioning performance of high- and low- anxious Ss in the absence of a warning signal.

K. Spence, R. Weyant, 1960, Journal of experimental psychology.

Eyelid conditioning performance under partial reinforcement as a function of UCS intensity.

K. Spence, L. E. Ross, 1960, Journal of experimental psychology.

Individual differences in human eyelid conditioning

K. Spence, 1965 .

EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE ON THE RELATION BETWEEN PERFORMANCE LEVEL IN EYELID CONDITIONING AND ANXIETY (DRIVE) LEVEL

K. Spence, L. E. Ross, 1957 .

The Roles of Reinforcement and Non-Reinforcement in Simple Learning.

K. Spence, 1960 .

UCS intensity and the associative (habit) strength of the eyelid CR.

K. Spence, L. E. Ross, D. Haggard, 1958, Journal of experimental psychology.

Observational learning of discrimination problems by chimpanzees.

K. Spence, M. Crawford, 1939 .

Temporal effects of conditioned fear on the eyelid reflex.

K. Spence, W. Runquist, 1958, Journal of experimental psychology.