Wen-Hsiung Li

发表

Extent of gene duplication in the genomes of Drosophila, nematode, and yeast.

Z. Gu, AndreR.O. Cavalcanti, Feng-Chi Chen, 2002, Molecular biology and evolution.

Comparative methods for the analysis of gene-expression evolution: an example using yeast functional genomic data.

Todd H. Oakley, N. Patel, Z. Gu, 2005, Molecular biology and evolution.

MicroRNA regulation of human protein protein interaction network.

Wen-Hsiung Li, Han Liang, 2007, RNA.

Studying tumorigenesis through network evolution and somatic mutational perturbations in the cancer interactome.

Zhongming Zhao, Wen-Hsiung Li, F. Cheng, 2014, Molecular biology and evolution.

Role of duplicate genes in genetic robustness against null mutations

Ronald W. Davis, L. Steinmetz, X. Gu, 2003, Nature.

Human-specific insertions and deletions inferred from mammalian genome sequences.

Feng-Chi Chen, Wen-Hsiung Li, Trees-Juen Chuang, 2006, Genome research.

Fundamentals of molecular evolution

Wen-Hsiung Li, D. Graur, 1990 .

True navigation and magnetic maps in spiny lobsters

L. Steinmetz, X. Gu, Wen-Hsiung Li, 2022 .

The K(A)/K(S) ratio test for assessing the protein-coding potential of genomic regions: an empirical and simulation study.

Wen-Hsiung Li, A. Nekrutenko, K. Makova, 2002, Genome research.

Unbiased estimation of the rates of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution

Wen-Hsiung Li, 2006, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

A large number of novel coding small open reading frames in the intergenic regions of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome are transcribed and/or under purifying selection.

Wen-Hsiung Li, J. Borevitz, Kousuke Hanada, 2007, Genome research.

Mutation rates differ among regions of the mammalian genome

Wen-Hsiung Li, P. Sharp, K. H. Wolfe, 1989, Nature.

Uncovering Small RNA-Mediated Responses to Phosphate Deficiency in Arabidopsis by Deep Sequencing1[W][OA]

Wen-Hsiung Li, L. Hsieh, T. Chiou, 2009, Plant Physiology.

Statistical methods for identifying yeast cell cycle transcription factors.

Henry Horng-Shing Lu, Wen-Hsiung Li, Huai-Kuang Tsai, 2005, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

Comprehensive analysis of microRNAs in breast cancer

Kuo-Wang Tsai, Hung-Wei Pan, Meng-Ru Ho, 2012, BMC Genomics.

Comparative Analysis of the Receptor-Like Kinase Family in Arabidopsis and Rice

Klaus F. X. Mayer, Wen-Hsiung Li, W. Karłowski, 2004, The Plant Cell Online.

Origins, lineage-specific expansions, and multiple losses of tyrosine kinases in eukaryotes.

Wen-Hsiung Li, S. Shiu, Shin-han Shiu, 2004, Molecular biology and evolution.

Adverse interactions between micro-RNAs and target genes from different species

Jian Lu, Suhua Shi, Tian Tang, 2010, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Gene clustering pattern, promoter architecture, and gene expression stability in eukaryotic genomes

Wen-Hsiung Li, Y. Woo, 2011, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Inconsistency of the Maximum-parsimony Method: the Case of Five Taxa With a Molecular Clock

Andrey A. Zharkikh, Wen-Hsiung Li, A. Zharkikh, 1993 .

Directional mutational pressure affects the amino acid composition and hydrophobicity of proteins in bacteria

Xun Gu, D. Hewett‐Emmett, X. Gu, 2004, Genetica.

Expression divergence between duplicate genes.

X. Gu, Wen-Hsiung Li, Jing Yang, 2005, Trends in genetics : TIG.

Coordinated histone modifications are associated with gene expression variation within and between species.

Wen-Hsiung Li, Z. Chen, M. Ha, 2011, Genome research.

Evolution of the yeast protein interaction network

Wen-Hsiung Li, H. Qin, Henry H S Lu, 2003, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

External factors accelerate expression divergence between duplicate genes.

Wen-Hsiung Li, Z. Chen, M. Ha, 2007, Trends in genetics : TIG.

Human polymorphism at microRNAs and microRNA target sites

Wen-Hsiung Li, Han Liang, M. A. Saunders, 2007, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

DNA replication timing and selection shape the landscape of nucleotide variation in cancer genomes

Wen-Hsiung Li, Y. Woo, 2012, Nature Communications.

Evolutionary analyses of the human genome

Z. Gu, Wen-Hsiung Li, A. Nekrutenko, 2001, Nature.

Divergence in the spatial pattern of gene expression between human duplicate genes.

Wen-Hsiung Li, K. Makova, 2003, Genome research.

Gene expression evolves faster in narrowly than in broadly expressed mammalian genes.

A. Su, Wen-Hsiung Li, Jing Yang, 2005, Molecular biology and evolution.

Role of positive selection in the retention of duplicate genes in mammalian genomes

J. Byrnes, Wen-Hsiung Li, S. Shiu, 2006, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

Transcription Factor Families Have Much Higher Expansion Rates in Plants than in Animals1

Wen-Hsiung Li, S. Shiu, M. Shih, 2005, Plant Physiology.

An evolutionary perspective on synonymous codon usage in unicellular organisms

Wen-Hsiung Li, P. Sharp, 1986, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

Models of nearly neutral mutations with particular implications for nonrandom usage of synonymous codons

Wen-Hsiung Li, 2005, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

The nonsynonymous/synonymous substitution rate ratio versus the radical/conservative replacement rate ratio in the evolution of mammalian genes.

Wen-Hsiung Li, Kousuke Hanada, S. Shiu, 2007, Molecular biology and evolution.

Duplicate genes increase gene expression diversity within and between species

Scott A. Rifkin, K. White, S. Rifkin, 2004, Nature Genetics.

Overlapping genes in the human and mouse genomes

Wen-Hsiung Li, Liqing Zhang, C. R. Sanna, 2008, BMC Genomics.

Pseudogenes as a paradigm of neutral evolution

M. Nei, Wen-Hsiung Li, T. Gojobori, 1981, Nature.

Nonrandomness of point mutation as reflected in nucleotide substitutions in pseudogenes and its evolutionary implications

Wen-Hsiung Li, C. Luo, Chung-I Wu, 2005, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

Molecular evolution of trichromacy in primates

J. Mollon, D. Hewett‐Emmett, Wen-Hsiung Li, 1998, Vision Research.

Opsin gene and photopigment polymorphism in a prosimian primate

G. H. Jacobs, Wen-Hsiung Li, J. F. Deegan, 2002, Vision Research.

Lowly expressed human microRNA genes evolve rapidly.

Wen-Hsiung Li, Han Liang, 2009, Molecular biology and evolution.

Evolutionary approach to predicting the binding site residues of a protein from its primary sequence

Wen-Hsiung Li, Y. Tseng, 2011, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Rates of Nucleotide Substitution in Angiosperm Mitochondrial DNA Sequences and Dates of Divergence Between Brassica and Other Angiosperm Lineages

Wen-Hsiung Li, K. Lai, Yau-Wen Yang, 1999, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

Extremely high genetic diversity in a single tumor points to prevalence of non-Darwinian cell evolution

Xuemei Lu, Richard R. Hudson, Shaoping Ling, 2015, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Parallel evolution between aromatase and androgen receptor in the animal kingdom.

Wen-Hsiung Li, B. Tiwary, 2009, Molecular biology and evolution.

The size distribution of insertions and deletions in human and rodent pseudogenes suggests the logarithmic gap penalty for sequence alignment

Xun Gu, X. Gu, Wen-Hsiung Li, 1995, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

Mammalian housekeeping genes evolve more slowly than tissue-specific genes.

Wen-Hsiung Li, Wen-Hsiung Li, Liqing Zhang, 2004, Molecular biology and evolution.

Comment on "Chromosomal Speciation and Molecular Divergence-Accelerated Evolution in Rearranged Chromosomes"

Wen-Hsiung Li, Jian Lu, Chung-I Wu, 2003, Science.

News & Views: The chimpanzee and us

Wen-Hsiung Li, M. A. Saunders, 2005, Nature.

Effect of changes in population size on the correlation between mutation rate and heterozygosity

Wen-Hsiung Li, 1979, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

Signatures of domain shuffling in the human genome.

Anton Nekrutenko, Sebastian Zöllner, Henrik Kaessmann, 2002, Genome research.

The rises and falls of opsin genes in 59 ray-finned fish genomes and their implications for environmental adaptation

Wen-Hsiung Li, Jinn-Jy Lin, Feng-Yu Wang, 2017, Scientific Reports.

Fundamentals of Molecular Evolution, 2nd Edition

Dan Graur, Wen-Hsiung Li, D. Graur, 2000 .

Whole genome transcriptome polymorphisms in Arabidopsis thaliana

Jake K. Byrnes, J. Byrnes, Wen-Hsiung Li, 2008, Genome Biology.

Domain Duplication and Gene Elongation

Wen-Hsiung Li, K. Makova, 2006 .

Natural selection on cis and trans regulation in yeasts.

Henry Horng-Shing Lu, Wen-Hsiung Li, J. J. Emerson, 2010, Genome research.

Different evolutionary patterns between young duplicate genes in the human genome

Z. Gu, Wen-Hsiung Li, Peng Zhang, 2003, Genome Biology.

Expression evolution in yeast genes of single-input modules is mainly due to changes in trans-acting factors.

Wen-Hsiung Li, M. Shih, Daryi Wang, 2007, Genome research.

Effect of Migration on Genetic Distance

Wen-Hsiung Li, 1976, The American Naturalist.

Genetically distinct coelacanth population off the northern Tanzanian coast

Wen-Hsiung Li, J. J. Emerson, N. Okada, 2011, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Uncovering MicroRNA Regulatory Hubs that Modulate Plasma Cell Differentiation

Wen-Hsiung Li, Shih-Ying Wu, A. C. Shih, 2015, Scientific Reports.

Palindrome Patterns in Genomes

Wen-Hsiung Li, H. Liao, A. C. Shih, 2004 .

Palindrome-like Patterns in Genomes

Wen-Hsiung Li, H. Liao, A. C. Shih, 2004 .

Comparative Genomics and Evolutionary Genetics of Yeast Carbon Metabolism

Wen-Hsiung Li, Zhenguo Lin, 2014 .

Sulfate Activation Enzymes: Phylogeny and Association with Pyrophosphatase

Wen-Hsiung Li, J. Rest, N. Schwartz, 2008, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

Evolution of 5' untranslated region length and gene expression reprogramming in yeasts.

Wen-Hsiung Li, Zhenguo Lin, 2012, Molecular biology and evolution.

Identifying Cis-Regulatory Changes Involved in the Evolution of Aerobic Fermentation in Yeasts

Wen-Hsiung Li, Zhenguo Lin, H. Sung, 2013, Genome biology and evolution.

Experimental Evolution of Yeast for High-Temperature Tolerance

Wen-Hsiung Li, M. Lu, Ya-Wen Chang, 2018, Molecular biology and evolution.

Detection of gene duplications and block duplications in eukaryotic genomes

Z. Gu, AndreR.O. Cavalcanti, Wen-Hsiung Li, 2004, Journal of Structural and Functional Genomics.

Alternatively and constitutively spliced exons are subject to different evolutionary forces.

Feng-Chi Chen, Wen-Hsiung Li, Trees-Juen Chuang, 2006, Molecular biology and evolution.

The genetic basis of evolutionary change in gene expression levels

Wen-Hsiung Li, J. J. Emerson, J. Emerson, 2010, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.

Neutral mutation hypothesis test

Wen-Hsiung Li, D. Graur, 1991, Nature.

Signalling pathway for RKIP and Let‐7 regulates and predicts metastatic breast cancer

Hemant Ishwaran, H. Ishwaran, Wen-Hsiung Li, 2011, The EMBO journal.

A Novel puf-A Gene Predicted from Evolutionary Analysis Is Involved in the Development of Eyes and Primordial Germ-Cells

Wen-Hsiung Li, Hsin-Hung Lin, John Yu, 2009, PloS one.

Computational reconstruction of transcriptional regulatory modules of the yeast cell cycle

Bor-Sen Chen, Wen-Hsiung Li, Wei-Sheng Wu, 2006, BMC Bioinformatics.

Three TF Co-expression Modules Regulate Pressure-Overload Cardiac Hypertrophy in Male Mice

Wen-Hsiung Li, A. C. Shih, Ya-Ting Chang, 2017, Scientific Reports.

Functional evolution of cardiac microRNAs in heart development and functions.

Wen-Hsiung Li, Chen-Ching Lin, Chien-Chang Chen, 2014, Molecular biology and evolution.

Gene Family Size Conservation Is a Good Indicator of Evolutionary Rates

Feng-Chi Chen, Wen-Hsiung Li, Trees-Juen Chuang, 2010, Molecular biology and evolution.

Assembling the Setaria italica L. Beauv. genome into nine chromosomes and insights into regions affecting growth and drought tolerance

Wen-Hsiung Li, M. Ku, M. Lu, 2016, Scientific Reports.

Expression of Concern: Protein Under-Wrapping Causes Dosage Sensitivity and Decreases Gene Duplicability

Wen-Hsiung Li, Han Liang, Ariel Fernández, 2015, PLoS genetics.

Stochastic models in population genetics

Wen-Hsiung Li, 1977 .

Prediction of human miRNAs using tissue-selective motifs in 3′ UTRs

Wen-Hsiung Li, H. Juan, A. C. Shih, 2008, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Radical amino acid change versus positive selection in the evolution of viral envelope proteins.

Wen-Hsiung Li, T. Gojobori, Kousuke Hanada, 2006, Gene.

Dating the Monocot–Dicot Divergence and the Origin of Core Eudicots Using Whole Chloroplast Genomes

Wen-Hsiung Li, S. Chaw, Chien-Chang Chang, 2004, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

Variance of genetic distance and correlation of heterozygosity between populations under the pressure of stepwise mutation

Wen-Hsiung Li, 1979 .

Patterns of nucleotide substitution in pseudogenes and functional genes

Takashi Gojobori, Dan Graur, Wen-Hsiung Li, 2005, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

Sequence, structure, receptor-binding domains and internal repeats of human apolipoprotein B-100

W. A. Bradley, Wen-Hsiung Li, A. Gotto, 1986, Nature.

Reorganization of adjacent gene relationships in yeast genomes by whole-genome duplication and gene deletion.

Jake K. Byrnes, J. Byrnes, Wen-Hsiung Li, 2006, Molecular biology and evolution.

Male-driven evolution of DNA sequences

Wen-Hsiung Li, L. Shimmin, Wen-Hsiung Li, 1993, Nature.

Evidence from opsin genes rejects nocturnality in ancestral primates.

Wen-Hsiung Li, A. Yoder, Y. Tan, 2005, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

Molecular evolution of bat color vision genes.

Jeffrey P. Mower, Daryi Wang, Todd Oakley, 2003, Molecular biology and evolution.

Structure of Apolipoprotein B100 of Human Low Density Lipoproteins

Wen-Hsiung Li, P. Sharp, A. Gotto, 2005 .

Structure of Apolipoprotein B‐100 of Human Low Density Lipoproteins

Wen-Hsiung Li, P. Sharp, A. Gotto, 1989, Arteriosclerosis.

Genetic and Molecular Basis of Feather Diversity in Birds

Wen-Hsiung Li, C. Ng, 2018, Genome biology and evolution.

ly: biosynthesis, The apo ipoprotein multigene fam structure, structure-function relationships, and evolution

Wen-Hsiung Li, C. Luo, M. Tanimura, 1988 .

MicroRNA 3' end nucleotide modification patterns and arm selection preference in liver tissues

Wen-Hsiung Li, Sung-Chou Li, Kuo-Wang Tsai, 2012, BMC Systems Biology.

Is the guinea-pig a rodent?

Dan Graur, Wen-Hsiung Li, Winston A Hide, 1991, Nature.

Different age distribution patterns of human, nematode, and Arabidopsis duplicate genes.

Wen-Hsiung Li, Wanli Min, Peng Zhang, 2004, Gene.

Molecular evolution meets the genomics revolution

Wen-Hsiung Li, K. H. Wolfe, 2003, Nature Genetics.

Chromosome-wide SNPs reveal an ancient origin for Plasmodium falciparum

Kateryna D. Makova, O. Branch, X. Su, 2002, Nature.

Evolutionary change of restriction sites under unequal rates of nucleotide substitution among the three positions of codons

Wen-Hsiung Li, 2005, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

LIKELIHOOD ANALYSIS OF MITOCHONDRIAL RESTRICTION‐CLEAVAGE PATTERNS FOR THE HUMAN‐CHIMPANZEE‐GORILLA TRICHOTOMY

Wen-Hsiung Li, P. Smouse, 1987, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

Recombination has little effect on the rate of sequence divergence in pseudoautosomal boundary 1 among humans and great apes.

Wen-Hsiung Li, S. Yi, T. J. Summers, 2003, Genome research.

Great Apes Divergence in Pseudoautosomal Boundary 1 Among Humans and Recombination Has Little Effect on the Rate of Sequence Material Supplemental

Wen-Hsiung Li, S. Yi, T. J. Summers, 2003 .

Gene Duplication: Evolution

Wen-Hsiung Li, 2006 .

Slow molecular clocks in Old World monkeys, apes, and humans.

Wen-Hsiung Li, S. Yi, D. Ellsworth, 2002, Molecular biology and evolution.

Deletions in processed pseudogenes accumulate faster in rodents than in humans

Dan Graur, Wen-Hsiung Li, D. Graur, 1989, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

Human TRIM71 and its nematode homologue are targets of let-7 microRNA and its zebrafish orthologue is essential for development.

John Yu, Li-Ching Hsieh, Wen-Hsiung Li, 2007, Molecular biology and evolution.

A general tendency for conservation of protein length across eukaryotic kingdoms.

Daryi Wang, Wen-Hsiung Li, Daryi Wang, 2004, Molecular biology and evolution.

Nucleotide Variation and Haplotype Diversity in a 10-kb Noncoding Region in Three Continental Human Populations

Zhongming Zhao, Yun-Xin Fu, Wen-Hsiung Li, 2006, Genetics.

Nucleotide Diversity in Gorillas

Wen-Hsiung Li, M. Jensen-Seaman, L. Chemnick, 2004, Genetics.

Gains and Losses of Transcription Factor Binding Sites in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces paradoxus

Wen-Hsiung Li, Wen-Hsiung Li, Bernhard Schaefke, 2015, Genome biology and evolution.

The spatial distribution of cis regulatory elements in yeast promoters and its implications for transcriptional regulation

Wei-Sheng Wu, Yong Woo, Wen-Hsiung Li, 2010, BMC Genomics.

Predicting the probability of H3K4me3 occupation at a base pair from the genome sequence context

Soondo Hong, Wen-Hsiung Li, Misook Ha, 2013, Bioinform..

An evaluation of the molecular clock hypothesis using mammalian DNA sequences

Wen-Hsiung Li, P. Sharp, M. Tanimura, 2007, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

How strong is the mutagenicity of recombination in mammals?

Wen-Hsiung Li, A. Yu, R. Friedman, 2005, Molecular biology and evolution.

MYBS: a comprehensive web server for mining transcription factor binding sites in yeast

Wen-Hsiung Li, Huai-Kuang Tsai, Meng-Yuan Chou, 2007, Nucleic Acids Res..

Protein function, connectivity, and duplicability in yeast.

Wen-Hsiung Li, Wen-Hsiung Li, Anuphap Prachumwat, 2006, Molecular biology and evolution.

Increasing MicroRNA target prediction confidence by the relative R(2) method.

Hsiuying Wang, Wen-Hsiung Li, Hsiuying Wang, 2009, Journal of theoretical biology.

Improved variance estimators for one- and two-parameter models of nucleotide substitution.

Wen-Hsiung Li, Yun-Huei Tzeng, Hsiuying Wang, 2008, Journal of theoretical biology.

Comparison of three methods for estimating rates of synonymous and nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions.

Wen-Hsiung Li, Runsun Pan, Yun-Huei Tzeng, 2004, Molecular biology and evolution.

Evolution of Glucagon Genes 1

Wen-Hsiung Li, C. Luo, M. Frazier, 1998 .

The molecular clock runs more slowly in man than in apes and monkeys

Wen-Hsiung Li, M. Tanimura, Wen-Hsiung Li, 1987, Nature.

ESTIMATION OF THE NUMBERS OF SYNONYMOUS AND NONSYNONYMOUS SUBSTITUTIONS BETWEEN PROTEIN CODING GENES

Wen-Hsiung Li, 1986 .

Evolution of DNA Sequences

Wen-Hsiung Li, C. Luo, Chung-I Wu, 1985 .

Fast evolution of core promoters in primate genomes.

Wen-Hsiung Li, Han Liang, Yeong-Shin Lin, 2008, Molecular biology and evolution.

Intragenic Spatial Patterns of Codon Usage Bias in Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Genomes

Wen-Hsiung Li, M. Kreitman, J. M. Comeron, 2004, Genetics.

Contribution of Transcription Factor Binding Site Motif Variants to Condition-Specific Gene Expression Patterns in Budding Yeast

Wen-Hsiung Li, Kevin Bullaughey, Geoffrey P. Morris, 2012, PloS one.

On the rate of DNA sequence evolution inDrosophila

Wen-Hsiung Li, P. Sharp, 1989, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

The relationships among microRNA regulation, intrinsically disordered regions, and other indicators of protein evolutionary rate.

Wen-Hsiung Li, Trees-Juen Chuang, Sean Chun-Chang Chen, 2011, Molecular biology and evolution.

Proportion of solvent-exposed amino acids in a protein and rate of protein evolution.

Wei-Lun Hsu, Jenn-Kang Hwang, Jenn-Kang Hwang, 2007, Molecular biology and evolution.

Roles of trans and cis variation in yeast intraspecies evolution of gene expression.

Huai-Kuang Tsai, Daryi Wang, Li-Chuan Weng, 2009, Molecular biology and evolution.

Estimating the intensity of male-driven evolution in rodents by using X-linked and Y-linked Ube 1 genes and pseudogenes

Wen-Hsiung Li, Benny Hung‐Junn Chang, 2004, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

Patterns of expansion and expression divergence in the plant polygalacturonase gene family

Wen-Hsiung Li, S. Shiu, S. Patterson, 2006, Genome Biology.

Strong male-driven evolution of DNA sequences in humans and apes

Kateryna D. Makova, Wen-Hsiung Li, K. Makova, 2002, Nature.

Assessment of Compositional Heterogeneity Within and Between Eukaryotic Genomes

Wen-Hsiung Li, A. Nekrutenko, 2000, Genome Research.

Low nucleotide diversity in chimpanzees and bonobos.

K. Kidd, J. Kidd, Wen-Hsiung Li, 2003, Genetics.

Inheritance of gene expression level and selective constraints on trans- and cis-regulatory changes in yeast.

Wen-Hsiung Li, J. J. Emerson, L. Hsieh, 2013, Molecular biology and evolution.

Gene number expansion and contraction in vertebrate genomes with respect to invertebrate genomes.

Wen-Hsiung Li, Wen-Hsiung Li, Anuphap Prachumwat, 2008, Genome research.

Episodic Molecular Evolution of Some Protein Hormones in Primates and Its Implications for Primate Adaptation

Wen-Hsiung Li, S. Yi, 2007 .

Rates of synonymous substitution in plant nuclear genes

Wen-Hsiung Li, P. Sharp, K. H. Wolfe, 1989, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

Cloning and Sequencing of Bovine Apolipoprotein A-I cDNA and Molecular Evolution of Apolipoproteins A-I and B-loo 1 Calm 0 ‘ h Uigin , * Lawrence Chart , * pt and

Wen-Hsiung Li, 1998 .

Human SNPs reveal no evidence of frequent positive selection.

Liqing Zhang, Wen-Hsiung Li, Liqing Zhang, 2005, Molecular biology and evolution.

A systematic approach to detecting transcription factors in response to environmental stresses

Bor-Sen Chen, Wen-Hsiung Li, Hsiao-Ching Lee, 2007, BMC Bioinformatics.

Evolution of Olfactory Receptor Genes in East Asian Loaches

Wen-Hsiung Li, Y. Emori, Daryi Wang, 2009 .

A Gene Gravity Model for the Evolution of Cancer Genomes: A Study of 3,000 Cancer Genomes across 9 Cancer Types

Chuang Liu, Chen-Ching Lin, Peilin Jia, 2015, PLoS Comput. Biol..

Are GC-rich isochores vanishing in mammals?

Wen-Hsiung Li, Jianying Gu, Jianying Gu, 2006, Gene.

Ubiquitin genes as a paradigm of concerted evolution of tandem repeats

Wen-Hsiung Li, P. Sharp, 2005, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

CpG island density and its correlations with genomic features in mammalian genomes

Leng Han, Zhongming Zhao, Bing Su, 2008, Genome Biology.

Features and trend of loss of promoter-associated CpG islands in the human and mouse genomes.

Leng Han, Zhongming Zhao, Bing Su, 2007, Molecular biology and evolution.

Frequent gene conversion between human red and green opsin genes

Zhongming Zhao, D. Hewett‐Emmett, Wen-Hsiung Li, 1998, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

ETOPE: evolutionary test of predicted exons

Anton Nekrutenko, Wen-Hsiung Li, Wen-Yu Chung, 2003, Nucleic Acids Res..

Functional promiscuity of squirrel monkey growth hormone receptor toward both primate and nonprimate growth hormones.

Wen-Hsiung Li, S. Yi, A. Kossiakoff, 2002, Molecular biology and evolution.

Systematic identification of yeast cell cycle transcription factors using multiple data sources

Wen-Hsiung Li, Wei-Sheng Wu, Wen-Hsiung Li, 2008, BMC Bioinformatics.

Identifying regulatory targets of cell cycle transcription factors using gene expression and ChIP-chip data

Bor-Sen Chen, Wen-Hsiung Li, Wei-Sheng Wu, 2007, BMC Bioinformatics.

Dynamic modeling of cis-regulatory circuits and gene expression prediction via cross-gene identification

Bor-Sen Chen, Wen-Hsiung Li, Hsiao-Ching Lee, 2005, BMC Bioinformatics.

Quantitative characterization of the transcriptional regulatory network in the yeast cell cycle

Bor-Sen Chen, Wen-Hsiung Li, Hsiao-Ching Lee, 2004, Bioinform..

Rate of protein evolution versus fitness effect of gene deletion.

Wen-Hsiung Li, Jing Yang, Zhenglong Gu, 2003, Molecular biology and evolution.

Larger genetic differences within africans than between Africans and Eurasians.

S. Shyue, Feng-Chi Chen, Wen-Hsiung Li, 2002, Genetics.

Codon-usage bias versus gene conversion in the evolution of yeast duplicate genes

J. Byrnes, Jenn-Kang Hwang, Wen-Hsiung Li, 2006, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Characterizing Regulatory and Functional Differentiation between Maize Mesophyll and Bundle Sheath Cells by Transcriptomic Analysis1[W][OA]

Wen-Hsiung Li, A. C. Shih, M. Ku, 2012, Plant Physiology.

Evolutionary conservation of histone modifications in mammals.

Wen-Hsiung Li, Y. Woo, 2012, Molecular biology and evolution.

The prognostic significance of RUNX2 and miR-10a/10b and their inter-relationship in breast cancer

Wen-Hsiung Li, Chih-Hao Chang, Jyh‐cherng Yu, 2014, Journal of Translational Medicine.

Identification of essential amino acid changes in paired domain evolution using a novel combination of evolutionary analysis and in vitro and in vivo studies.

X. Gu, Wen-Hsiung Li, P. Callaerts, 2002, Molecular biology and evolution.

Protein complexity, gene duplicability and gene dispensability in the yeast genome.

Jenn-Kang Hwang, Wen-Hsiung Li, Yeong-Shin Lin, 2007, Gene.

Three TF Co-expression Modules Regulate Pressure-Overload Cardiac Hypertrophy in Male Mice

Wen-Hsiung Li, A. C. Shih, Chien-Chang Chen, 2017, Scientific Reports.

Alternative mRNA Splicing and Differential Promoter Utilization Determine Tissue-specific Expression of the Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing Protein (Apobec1) Gene in Mice.

Wen-Hsiung Li, J. Krushkal, M. Nakamuta, 1995, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

A study of the phylogeny of Brassica rapa, B. nigra, Raphanus sativus, and their related genera using noncoding regions of chloroplast DNA.

Wen-Hsiung Li, Yau-Wen Yang, P. Tai, 2002, Molecular phylogenetics and evolution.

News and views: the chimpanzee and us.

Wen-Hsiung Li, M. A. Saunders, 2005, Nature.

Identifying gene regulatory modules of heat shock response in yeast

Wei-Sheng Wu, Wen-Hsiung Li, Wei-Sheng Wu, 2008, BMC Genomics.

Method for identifying transcription factor binding sites in yeast

Wen-Hsiung Li, Henry Horng-Shing Lu, Huai-Kuang Tsai, 2006, Bioinform..

RNA landscape of evolution for optimal exon and intron discrimination

Michael Q. Zhang, A. Krainer, Wen-Hsiung Li, 2008, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Patterns of segmental duplication in the human genome.

Wen-Hsiung Li, W. Chung, Jing Yang, 2004, Molecular biology and evolution.

PSC: protein surface classification

Wen-Hsiung Li, Yan Yuan Tseng, Wen-Hsiung Li, 2012, Nucleic Acids Res..

Identification of protein functional surfaces by the concept of a split pocket

Wen-Hsiung Li, Yan Yuan Tseng, Wen-Hsiung Li, 2009, Proteins.

Higher Gene Duplicabilities for Metabolic Proteins Than for Nonmetabolic Proteins in Yeast and E. coli

Natalia Maltsev, Elizabeth Marland, N. Maltsev, 2004, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

Phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated serine and threonine residues evolve at different rates in mammals.

Feng-Chi Chen, Feng-Chi Chen, Wen-Hsiung Li, 2010, Molecular biology and evolution.

Simultaneous amino acid substitutions at antigenic sites drive influenza A hemagglutinin evolution

Arthur Chun-Chieh Shih, Mei-Shang Ho, Wen-Hsiung Li, 2007, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

What Amino Acid Properties Affect Protein Evolution?

Xuhua Xia, Wen-Hsiung Li, X. Xia, 1998, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

Gene essentiality, gene duplicability and protein connectivity in human and mouse.

Wen-Hsiung Li, Han Liang, Wen-Hsiung Li, 2007, Trends in genetics : TIG.

Organismal complexity, protein complexity, and gene duplicability

Richard W. Lusk, Wen-Hsiung Li, Jing Yang, 2003, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

Protein Under-Wrapping Causes Dosage Sensitivity and Decreases Gene Duplicability

Ariel Fernández, Wen-Hsiung Li, Han Liang, 2007, PLoS genetics.

Effects of GC Content and Mutational Pressure on the Lengths of Exons and Coding Sequences

Xuhua Xia, Wen-Hsiung Li, X. Xia, 2003, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

Human adaptive evolution at Myostatin (GDF8), a regulator of muscle growth.

M. Nachman, Wen-Hsiung Li, J. Good, 2006, American journal of human genetics.

DNA polymorphism in a worldwide sample of human X chromosomes.

Yun-Xin Fu, Wen-Hsiung Li, N. Yu, 2002, Molecular biology and evolution.

Statistical models for studying DNA sequence evolution

Xun Gu, X. Gu, Wen-Hsiung Li, 1995 .

Potential problems in estimating the male-to-female mutation rate ratio from DNA sequence data

D. Hewett‐Emmett, Wen-Hsiung Li, L. Shimmin, 1993, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

Phylogenetic analysis based on rRNA sequences supports the archaebacterial rather than the eocyte tree

M. Gouy, Wen-Hsiung Li, 1989, Nature.

The evolution of aerobic fermentation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe was associated with regulatory reprogramming but not nucleosome reorganization.

Wen-Hsiung Li, Zhenguo Lin, 2011, Molecular biology and evolution.

Patterns of internal gene duplication in the course of metazoan evolution.

Wen-Hsiung Li, Wen-Hsiung Li, Huang-Mo Sung, 2007, Gene.

What is the Bootstrap Technique

Wen-Hsiung Li, A. Zharkikh, 1994 .

Contrasting rates of nucleotide substitution in the X-Linked and Y-Linked zinc finger genes

Wen-Hsiung Li, L. Shimmin, Wen-Hsiung Li, 1994, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

Molecular evolution of recombination hotspots and highly recombining pseudoautosomal regions in hominoids.

Wen-Hsiung Li, S. Yi, 2005, Molecular biology and evolution.

Substitution rates in hepatitis delta virus

Wen-Hsiung Li, J. Krushkal, 1995, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

Evolutionary diversification of DNA methyltransferases in eukaryotic genomes.

Wen-Hsiung Li, L. Ponger, 2005, Molecular biology and evolution.

The rises and falls of opsin genes in 59 ray-finned fish genomes and their implications for environmental adaptation

Wen-Hsiung Li, Jinn-Jy Lin, Feng-Yu Wang, 2017, Scientific Reports.

fPOP: footprinting functional pockets of proteins by comparative spatial patterns

Wen-Hsiung Li, Yan Yuan Tseng, Z. Jeffrey Chen, 2009, Nucleic Acids Res..

Polymorphism and evolution of the Rh blood groups

M. Nei, Wen-Hsiung Li, F. Tajima, 1981, Japanese Journal of Human Genetics.

Coalescent theory and its application in population genetics

Yun-Xin Fu, Wen-Hsiung Li, 1999 .

Evolutionary Genetics of Primate Color Vision

D. Hewett‐Emmett, S. Boissinot, S. Shyue, 2000 .

Expansion of hexose transporter genes was associated with the evolution of aerobic fermentation in yeasts.

Wen-Hsiung Li, Zhenguo Lin, 2011, Molecular biology and evolution.

Developmental constraint on gene duplicability in fruit flies and nematodes.

Wen-Hsiung Li, Jing Yang, 2004, Gene.

Total number of individuals affected by deleterious mutant genes in a finite population

Wen-Hsiung Li, 1975 .

On the Adaptive Design Rules of Biochemical Networks in Evolution

Bor-Sen Chen, Wen-Hsiung Li, Wei-Sheng Wu, 2007, Evolutionary bioinformatics online.

On the Robust Circuit Design Schemes of Biochemical Networks: Steady-State Approach

Wen-Hsiung Li, Yu-Chao Wang, Bor-Sen Chen, 2007, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst..

A new measure of the robustness of biochemical networks

Bor-Sen Chen, Wen-Hsiung Li, Wei-Sheng Wu, 2005, Bioinform..

Identifying Primate ACE2 Variants That Confer Resistance to SARS-CoV-2

Wen-Hsiung Li, Y. Tseng, Tian-Neng Li, 2021, Molecular biology and evolution.

SplitPocket: identification of protein functional surfaces and characterization of their spatial patterns

Wen-Hsiung Li, Yan Yuan Tseng, Z. Jeffrey Chen, 2009, Nucleic Acids Res..

Male-to-Female Ratios of Mutation Rate in Higher Primates Estimated from Intron Sequences

D. Hewett‐Emmett, Wen-Hsiung Li, Wen-Hsiung Li, 1996 .

Dating the age of the last common ancestor of all living organisms with a protein clock

Wen-Hsiung Li, R. Adkins, 2002 .

Reconstructing a Network of Stress-Response Regulators via Dynamic System Modeling of Gene Regulation

Bor-Sen Chen, Wei-Sheng Wu, Wen-Hsiung Li, 2008, Gene regulation and systems biology.

Assembler for de novo assembly of large genomes

Greg C. Lee, Wen-Hsiung Li, Arthur Chun-Chieh Shih, 2013, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

GS-Aligner: a novel tool for aligning genomic sequences using bit-level operations.

Arthur Chun-Chieh Shih, Wen-Hsiung Li, A. C. Shih, 2003, Molecular biology and evolution.

Structure and Evolution of the Apolipoprotein and Lipase Gene Families

Wen-Hsiung Li, Winston A Hide, L. Chan, 1992 .

Roles of cis- and trans-changes in the regulatory evolution of genes in the gluconeogenic pathway in yeast.

Wen-Hsiung Li, M. Shih, Daryi Wang, 2008, Molecular biology and evolution.

Patterns of Gene Duplication in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Caenorhabditis elegans

AndreR.O. Cavalcanti, Wen-Hsiung Li, Zhenglong Gu, 2002, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

Functional compensation by duplicated genes in mouse.

Wen-Hsiung Li, Han Liang, Wen-Hsiung Li, 2009, Trends in genetics : TIG.

Revealing the Anti-Tumor Effect of Artificial miRNA p-27-5p on Human Breast Carcinoma Cell Line T-47D

Wen-Hsiung Li, H. Juan, Hsuan-Cheng Huang, 2012, International journal of molecular sciences.

Molecular Genetics of Spectral Tuning in New World Monkey Color Vision

D. Hewett‐Emmett, S. Boissinot, S. Shyue, 1998, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

Unexpected Conservation of the X-Linked Color Vision Gene in Nocturnal Prosimians: Evidence from Two Bush Babies

D. Hewett‐Emmett, Wen-Hsiung Li, Yi-Hong Zhou, 1997, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

Sequences and Evolution of Human and Squirrel Monkey Blue Opsin Genes

Wen-Hsiung Li, L. Shimmin, P. Mai, 1997, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

Allelic Variation in the Squirrel Monkey X-Linked Color Vision Gene: Biogeographical and Behavioral Correlates

Wen-Hsiung Li, S. Boinski, S. Cropp, 2002, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

Origin and Molecular Evolution of the X-linked Duplicate Color Vision Genes in Howler Monkeys

D. Hewett‐Emmett, S. Boissinot, Wen-Hsiung Li, 1997 .

Evolution of protein inhibitors of serine proteinases: Positive Darwinian selection or compositional effects?

Wen-Hsiung Li, D. Graur, 2005, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

A simulation study on Nei and Li's model for estimating DNA divergence from restriction enzyme maps

Wen-Hsiung Li, 2005, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

Functional Compensation of Primary and Secondary Metabolites by Duplicate Genes in Arabidopsis thaliana

M. Hirai, Y. Sawada, Wen-Hsiung Li, 2010, Molecular biology and evolution.

The molecular clock ticks regularly in muroid rodents and hamsters

Wen-Hsiung Li, C. O’hUigin, 1992, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

Historical profiling of maize duplicate genes sheds light on the evolution of C4 photosynthesis in grasses.

Wen-Hsiung Li, A. C. Shih, Yao-Ming Chang, 2013, Molecular phylogenetics and evolution.

Blast Fungal Genomes Show Frequent Chromosomal Changes, Gene Gains and Losses, and Effector Gene Turnover.

Wen-Hsiung Li, Isheng. J. Tsai, H. Nakayashiki, 2019, Molecular biology and evolution.

GEMtf-Database of Time-course Expression Profiles of Maize Transcription Factors by Using Biclustering Algorithm

Jeffrey, Wen-Hsiung Li, Nilubon Kurubanjerdjit, 2022 .

Cloning and sequencing of bovine apolipoprotein E complementary DNA and molecular evolution of apolipoproteins E, C-I, and C-II

Wen-Hsiung Li, L. Chan, Yau-Wen Yang, 1991, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

Apolipoprotein variation among different species

Wen-Hsiung Li, L. Chan, 1991 .

Multidimensional scaling for large genomic data sets

Jengnan Tzeng, Wen-Hsiung Li, Henry Horng-Shing Lu, 2008, BMC Bioinformatics.

Classification of protein functional surfaces using structural characteristics

Yan Yuan Tseng, Wen-Hsiung Li, Y. Tseng, 2012, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Evolutionary Persistence of Functional Compensation by Duplicate Genes in Arabidopsis

Wen-Hsiung Li, F. Myouga, T. Kuromori, 2009, Genome biology and evolution.

Evolution of the Hominoid Semenogelin Genes, the Major Proteins of Ejaculated Semen

Wen-Hsiung Li, M. Jensen-Seaman, Wen-Hsiung Li, 2003, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

Comprehensive analysis of microRNAs in breast cancer

Wen-Hsiung Li, Hong‐Tai Chang, Sung-Chou Li, 2012, BMC Genomics.

Large numbers of vertebrates began rapid population decline in the late 19th century

Yun-Xin Fu, Wen-Hsiung Li, O. Ryder, 2016, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

DNA Polymorphism and Selection at the Melanocortin‐1 Receptor Gene in Normally Pigmented Southern African Individuals

Wen-Hsiung Li, M. Ramsay, T. Jenkins, 2003, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

Prediction of splice sites with dependency graphs and their expanded bayesian networks

Chung-Chin Lu, Wen-Hsiung Li, Te-Ming Chen, 2005, Bioinform..

The rate of synonymous substitution in enterobacterial genes is inversely related to codon usage bias.

Wen-Hsiung Li, P. Sharp, W. Li, 1987, Molecular biology and evolution.

Genomic divergences between humans and other hominoids and the effective population size of the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees.

Feng-Chi Chen, Wen-Hsiung Li, W. Li, 2001, American journal of human genetics.

Low nucleotide diversity in man.

Wen-Hsiung Li, W. Li, L. Sadler, 1991, Genetics.

NJML+: an extension of the NJML method to handle protein sequence data and computer software implementation.

Wen-Hsiung Li, W. Li, W H Li, 2001, Molecular biology and evolution.

A rapid heuristic algorithm for finding minimum evolution trees.

Wen-Hsiung Li, W. Li, A. Rodin, 2000, Molecular phylogenetics and evolution.

Higher rates of amino acid substitution in rodents than in humans.

Wen-Hsiung Li, W. Li, X. Gu, 1992, Molecular phylogenetics and evolution.

Discovering gapped binding sites of yeast transcription factors

Hao-Geng Hung, Huai-Kuang Tsai, Chien-Yu Chen, 2008, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Global patterns of human DNA sequence variation in a 10-kb region on chromosome 1.

Wen-Hsiung Li, T. Kuromori, M. Ramsay, 2001, Molecular biology and evolution.

High polymorphism at the human melanocortin 1 receptor locus.

D. Hewett‐Emmett, L. Jin, Wen-Hsiung Li, 1999, Genetics.

Molecular evolution of ubiquitin genes.

Wen-Hsiung Li, P. Sharp, W. Li, 1987, Trends in ecology & evolution.

Chromosomal location and evolutionary rate variation in enterobacterial genes.

D C Shields, Wen-Hsiung Li, P. Sharp, 1989, Science.

Rates of nucleotide substitution vary greatly among plant mitochondrial, chloroplast, and nuclear DNAs.

Wen-Hsiung Li, P. Sharp, K. H. Wolfe, 1987, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

Molecular systematics of pikas (genus Ochotona) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences.

Wen-Hsiung Li, W. Li, Y. Zhang, 2000, Molecular phylogenetics and evolution.

Worldwide Dna Sequence Variation in a 10-kilobase Noncoding Region on Human Chromosome 22 Materials and Methods Dna Samples. Sixty-four Individuals Were Collected Worldwide from 16 Populations in Four Major Geographic Areas, including 20

L. Jin, Wen-Hsiung Li, P. Pamilo, 2022 .

So, what about the molecular clock hypothesis?

Wen-Hsiung Li, W. Li, W H Li, 1993, Current opinion in genetics & development.

Molecular phylogeny of the kingdoms Animalia, Plantae, and Fungi.

M. Gouy, Wen-Hsiung Li, W. Li, 1989, Molecular biology and evolution.

NJML: a hybrid algorithm for the neighbor-joining and maximum-likelihood methods.

Wen-Hsiung Li, W. Li, W H Li, 2000, Molecular biology and evolution.

Signaling Pathway for RKIP and Let-7 Regulates and Predicts Metastatic Breast Cancer

H. Ishwaran, Wen-Hsiung Li, Han Liang, 2011 .

Coalescing into the 21st century: An overview and prospects of coalescent theory.

Wen-Hsiung Li, W. Li, Y. Fu, 1999, Theoretical population biology.

The codon adaptation index-a measure of directional synonymous codon usage bias, and its potential applications

Wen-Hsiung Li, 2005 .

Human hepatic lipase. Cloned cDNA sequence, restriction fragment length polymorphisms, chromosomal localization, and evolutionary relationships with lipoprotein lipase and pancreatic lipase.

D. Ledbetter, Wen-Hsiung Li, C. Luo, 1988, The Journal of biological chemistry.

Frequency spectra of neutral and deleterious alleles in a finite population

W. Ewens, Wen-Hsiung Li, W. J. Ewens, 1980 .

The Influence of Adjacent Nucleotides on the Pattern of Nucleotide Substitution in Mitochondrial Introns of Angiosperms

Wen-Hsiung Li, Yau-Wen Yang, Ying Chen, 2002, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

Archaebacterial or eocyte tree?

M. Gouy, Wen-Hsiung Li, 1990, Nature.

Genome analysis of SARS-CoV-2 isolates from a population reveals the rapid selective sweep of a haplotype carrying many pre-existing and new mutations

Wen-Hsiung Li, A. Mukherjee, A. Bhattacharya, 2023, Virology Journal.

Understanding the origins of AIDS viruses

Wen-Hsiung Li, P. Sharp, 1988, Nature.

Apolipoprotein A-Ii Gene Structure: Evolutionary Implications

Wen-Hsiung Li, C. Luo, M. Moore, 1985 .

Molecular Evolution of Genes

Wen-Hsiung Li, P. Sharp, 1987 .

Evolutionary approach to predicting the binding site residues of a protein from its primary sequence

Wen-Hsiung Li, Y. Tseng, 2011, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Signalling pathway for RKIP and Let‐7 regulates and predicts metastatic breast cancer

H. Ishwaran, Wen-Hsiung Li, Han Liang, 2011, The EMBO journal.

Functional evolution of cardiac microRNAs in heart development and functions.

Wen-Hsiung Li, Chen-Ching Lin, Chien-Chang Chen, 2014, Molecular biology and evolution.

DNA replication timing and selection shape the landscape of nucleotide variation in cancer genomes

Wen-Hsiung Li, Y. Woo, 2012, Nature Communications.

Molecular evolution meets the genomics revolution

Wen-Hsiung Li, K. H. Wolfe, 2003, Nature Genetics.

Estimation of Population Parameters and Detection of Natural Selection from DNA Sequences

Yun-Xin Fu, Wen-Hsiung Li, 1994 .

Characterizing Regulatory and Functional Differentiation between Maize Mesophyll and Bundle Sheath Cells by Transcriptomic Analysis1[W][OA]

Wen-Hsiung Li, A. C. Shih, M. Ku, 2012, Plant Physiology.

Molecular evolution of mammalian lactate dehydrogenase-A genes and pseudogenes: association of a mouse processed pseudogene with a B1 repetitive sequence.

Wen-Hsiung Li, C. Luo, W. Li, 1986, Molecular biology and evolution.

Systematic identification of yeast cell cycle transcription factors using multiple data sources

Wen-Hsiung Li, Wei-Sheng Wu, 2008, BMC Bioinformatics.

Detecting positive selection in the budding yeast genome

H. Liang, Z. Gu, Wen-Hsiung Li, 2009, Journal of evolutionary biology.