R. Frey

发表

N. M. Brown, E. C. Ferreira, H. N. Isa, 2013, Living Reviews in Relativity.

J. K. Blackburn, Chris L. Fryer, B. A. Boom, 2017, Nature.

P. K. Panda, B. A. Boom, H. N. Isa, 2020, The Astrophysical Journal.

S. Klimenko, M. Fejer, P. Graff, 2014, 1411.4547.

Christophe Royon, Alexander Mikhailichenko, Jian Cheng, 2007 .

B. A. Boom, H. N. Isa, J. R. Palamos, 2017, 1711.05578.

B. A. Boom, N. M. Brown, H. N. Isa, 2017, Physical review letters.

G. J. Grenier, R. Field, S. Bailey, 2004, Physical review letters.

Derek K. Jones, Robert J. Taylor, Y. D. Kim, 2013, Nature Photonics.

B. A. Boom, H. N. Isa, P. B. Covas, 2017, Physical review letters.

B. A. Boom, N. M. Brown, H. N. Isa, 2016, 1606.04856.

J. S. Whitaker, D. Leith, C. Lin, 2002 .

C Bozzi, E Robutti, L Lista, 2004, Physical review letters.

Y. Wang, M. S. Shahriar, B. C. Barish, 2016, Physical review. D..

Y. Wang, M. S. Shahriar, B. C. Barish, 2016, Annalen der Physik.

R. Serafinelli, M. S. Shahriar, B. C. Barish, 2014, 1412.0605.

D Huet, C Bogan, A Gatto, 2016, Physical review letters.

J. K. Blackburn, V. Moscatelli, J. Dueck, 2011, Physical review letters.

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2012 .

K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, R. Kass, 2010 .

X. Chen, D. Leith, R. Field, 2008, Physical review letters.

K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, R. Kass, 2009 .

K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, R. Kass, 2009 .

A. Soha, A. Roodman, R. Frey, 2003 .

M. J. Williams, P. K. Panda, B. A. Boom, 2020, The Astrophysical Journal Letters.

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2008 .

J. K. Blackburn, C. Broeck, S. Klimenko, 2013, 1309.4027.

Terece L. Turton, S. Schaffner, M. Kunze, 2001, Physical review letters.

B. A. Boom, H. N. Isa, S. A. Usman, 2019 .

Alam, Sokoloff, Giorgi, 2013 .

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2013 .

Maria Grazia Pia, P. Bailly, A. Vallereau, 2013, 1305.3560.

G. J. Grenier, R. Field, S. Bailey, 2004, Physical review letters.

Gill, Sokoloff, Mazur, 2009, Physical review letters.

D. Leith, R. Field, James R. Wilson, 2009 .

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2008, Physical review letters.

G. J. Grenier, R. Field, S. Bailey, 2004, Physical review letters.

G. J. Grenier, R. Kass, S. Bailey, 2005, Physical review letters.

V. Radeka, R. Frey, T. Nelson, 2007, 0710.2373.

G. J. Grenier, D. Leith, S. Schaffner, 2002, Physical review letters.

J. K. Blackburn, C. Broeck, J. Dueck, 2010, 1006.2535.

R. Frühwirth, G. Bauer, A. Savoy-Navarro, 1983 .

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2009, Physical review letters.

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2007, Physical review letters.

J. R. Wilson, D. Leith, R. Field, 2012 .

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2007, Physical review letters.

G. J. Grenier, R. Field, S. Bailey, 2004, Physical review letters.

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2007, Physical review letters.

J. K. Blackburn, C. Broeck, S. Klimenko, 2013, 1309.6221.

N. V. Keerthana, B. A. Boom, H. N. Isa, 2018, The Astrophysical Journal.

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2007, Physical review letters.

Joseph A. Paradiso, G. C. Fox, D. Crosetto, 1993 .

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2008, Physical review letters.

O. C. Allkofer, R. Frühwirth, G. Bauer, 1984 .

D. Leith, K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, 2010 .

S. Schaffner, M. Kunze, J. Beringer, 2001, Physical review letters.

Y. S. Zhu, B. Brau, R. Field, 2005, Physical review letters.

R. Kass, K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, 2005, Physical review letters.

D. Leith, B. Brau, R. Field, 2003, Physical review letters.

P. K. Panda, B. A. Boom, M. J. Szczepa'nczyk, 2021, 2111.03604.

Amit Kumar Srivastava, J. K. Blackburn, P. K. Panda, 2021, 2107.03701.

P. K. Panda, B. A. Boom, J. R. Palamos, 2021, Physical Review X.

M. M. Casey, Robert J. Taylor, Duncan A. Brown, 2007, 0710.0497.

M. M. Casey, Duncan A. Brown, S. Klimenko, 2006 .

R. Kass, D. Leith, R. Field, 2007, Physical review letters.

O. C. Allkofer, R. Frühwirth, M. Albrow, 1987 .

B. Brau, R. Field, S. Bailey, 2004, Physical review letters.

B. Brau, R. Field, S. Bailey, 2004, Physical review letters.

J. Beringer, B. Brau, R. Field, 2003, Physical review letters.

J. S. Whitaker, D. Leith, J. Fernandez, 1999, Physical review letters.

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 1996, 1110.5600.

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2011, Physical review letters.

A. Bodek, M. Goncharov, K. McFarland, 2005, hep-ex/0509010.

A. Bodek, P. de Barbaro, M. Goncharov, 2001, Physical review letters.

R. Frey, S. Bagnasco, A. Buzzo, 2001, 2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37310).

X. Chen, D. Leith, R. Field, 2010, Physical review letters.

A. Bodek, H. Budd, P. de Barbaro, 2001, Physical review letters.

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2007, Physical review letters.

K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, M. Steinke, 2007 .

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2007 .

R. Field, S. Bailey, K. Honscheid, 2004, Physical review letters.

D. Leith, B. Brau, R. Field, 2004, Physical review letters.

G. J. Grenier, R. Kass, S. Bailey, 2005, Physical review letters.

X. Chen, D. Leith, K. Honscheid, 2010 .

M. S. Shahriar, B. C. Barish, G. Giordano, 2019, Classical and Quantum Gravity.

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2005, hep-ex/0505070.

K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, N. Roe, 2007 .

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2008, Physical review letters.

D. Leith, S. Schaffner, J. Beringer, 2002, Physical review letters.

J. K. Blackburn, Robert W. Taylor, C. Broeck, 2011 .

M. M. Casey, S. Klimenko, J. Worden, 2005, Physical review letters.

M. S. Shahriar, K. S. Thorne, G. Endroczi, 2014, 1410.7764.

O. C. Allkofer, G. Bauer, A. Savoy-Navarro, 1984 .

O. C. Allkofer, R. Frühwirth, M. Albrow, 1986 .

T. Muller, R. Frey, F. Ceradini, 1986, IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science.

R. Field, K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, 2010 .

Y. Wang, M. S. Shahriar, B. C. Barish, 2016, 1607.08697.

M. S. Shahriar, B. C. Barish, C. Talbot, 2018, 1802.05241.

K. S. Thorne, G. Endroczi, S. Bose, 2012, 1205.1124.

Y. Wang, M. S. Shahriar, B. C. Barish, 2016, 1611.02972.

C. Baltay, D. Rabinowitz, M. S. Shahriar, 2013, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series.

Y. Wang, M. S. Shahriar, B. C. Barish, 2017, 1712.01168.

K. S. Thorne, G. Endroczi, P. Ajith, 2012, Physical Review D.

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2006, Physical review letters.

K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, N. Roe, 2007 .

D. Leith, S. Schaffner, J. Beringer, 2003, Physical review letters.

K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, N. Roe, 2005, hep-ex/0510070.

K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, N. Roe, 2006 .

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2010 .

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 1993, Physical review letters.

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2009 .

D. Leith, J. Smith, K. Honscheid, 2009 .

M. S. Alam, D. Leith, K. Honscheid, 2012 .

J. R. Wilson, K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, 2022 .

K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, N. Roe, 2005, Physical review letters.

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2007, Physical review letters.

R. Field, S. Bailey, K. Honscheid, 2004, Physical review letters.

K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, R. Kass, 2008 .

Fry, Azzolini, Wagner, 2004 .

D. Leith, M. Datta, R. Field, 2006 .

B. Brau, R. Field, S. Bailey, 2003, Physical review letters.

D. Leith, B. Brau, R. Field, 2003, Physical review letters.

D. Leith, S. Schaffner, J. Beringer, 2002, Physical review letters.

D. Leith, S. Schaffner, M. Kunze, 2001, Physical review letters.

D. Leith, S. Schaffner, M. Kunze, 2001, hep-ex/0107025.

M. Kunze, B. Brau, C. Lin, 2001, Physical review letters.

Re D. Del, D. Leith, S. Schaffner, 2001 .

A. Dragone, R. Frey, T. Nelson, 2012, 2012 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference Record (NSS/MIC).

J. Brau, R. Frey, R. Kroeger, 1991, Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference.

D. Leith, R. Field, James R. Wilson, 2007 .

K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, R. Kass, 2008 .

K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, R. Kass, 2009 .

Jayanti Prasad, Zifan Zhou, Paolo Addesso, 2016 .

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2013 .

David Blair, Sandro Mereghetti, Roland Diehl, 2017, 1710.05834.

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2006, Physical review letters.

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2006, Physical review letters.

S. Bailey, K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, 2005, Physical review letters.

D. Leith, J. Beringer, B. Brau, 2003, Physical review letters.

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2008 .

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2007, Physical review letters.

V. Radeka, R. Frey, D. Strom, 2005, IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science.

X. Chen, D. Leith, R. Field, 2010, Physical review letters.

R. Frey, T. Nelson, D. Strom, 2010 .

K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, N. Roe, 2007 .

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2009, Physical review letters.

A. Bodek, H. Budd, P. de Barbaro, 2001, Physical review letters.

K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, R. Kass, 2008 .

D. Leith, B. Brau, R. Field, 2004, Physical review letters.

Terece L. Turton, S. Schaffner, M. Kunze, 2001, Physical review letters.

A. Bodek, M. Goncharov, K. McFarland, 2000, hep-ex/0009007.

D. Gerdes, E. al., R. Frey, 1996, hep-ph/9704243.

R. Kass, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2006, Physical review letters.

R. Field, S. Bailey, K. Honscheid, 2004, Physical review letters.

Fry, Azzolini, Sordini, 2008 .

G. B. Mohanty, M. S. Alam, D. Leith, 2008, Physical Review Letters.

C. Broeck, V. Moscatelli, S. Klimenko, 2008, 0805.4758.

K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, R. Kass, 2007 .

K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, N. Roe, 2006 .

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2010, Physical review letters.

David Blair, Martin M. Fejer, Zifan Zhou, 2016, Classical and quantum gravity.

C. Broeck, S. Klimenko, M. Satterthwaite, 2010, 1011.4079.

M. M. Casey, S. Klimenko, M. Fejer, 2004, Physical review letters.

J. Beringer, B. Brau, R. Field, 2003, Physical review letters.

M. M. Casey, Robert J. Taylor, Duncan A. Brown, 2007, 0708.3818.

J. R. Wilson, D. Leith, R. Field, 2011 .

D. Leith, J. Smith, K. Honscheid, 2009 .

K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, M. Sokoloff, 2009 .

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2009 .

K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, A. Olivas, 2008 .

J. S. Whitaker, D. Leith, J. Fernandez, 2004, Physical review letters.

A. Bodek, H. Budd, M. Goncharov, 2002 .

J. R. Wilson, D. Leith, R. Field, 2012 .

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2008, Physical review letters.

R. Kass, S. Bailey, K. Honscheid, 2005, Physical review letters.

K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, R. Kass, 2007 .

J. Brau, R. Frey, D. Mason, 1992, IEEE Conference on Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging.

S. Klimenko, P. Couvares, P. Graff, 2013, Physical review letters.

K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, N. Roe, 2006 .

R. Kass, K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, 2005, Physical review letters.

D. Leith, B. Brau, R. Field, 2003, Physical review letters.

P. K. Panda, B. A. Boom, J. R. Palamos, 2020, Physical review letters.

K. S. Thorne, S. Bose, P. Ajith, 2012, 1201.4413.

B. A. Boom, H. N. Isa, P. B. Covas, 2018, Physical review letters.

B. A. Boom, H. N. Isa, J. R. Palamos, 2017, 1710.05838.

B. A. Boom, H. N. Isa, S. A. Usman, 2019, Classical and Quantum Gravity.

J. K. Blackburn, C. Broeck, S. Klimenko, 2012, 1201.5999.

D Huet, A Basti, R Cavalieri, 2018, Physical review letters.

A. Bodek, H. Budd, M. Goncharov, 2003 .

A. Bodek, M. Goncharov, K. McFarland, 1998 .

R. Frey, T. Walcher, E. Spamer, 1975 .

D. Leith, S. Schaffner, J. Beringer, 2003, Physical review letters.

C Bozzi, E Robutti, L Lista, 2009, 0903.1124.

D. Leith, R. Field, James R. Wilson, 2012 .

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2007, Physical review letters.

K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, R. Kass, 2008 .

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2012, Physical review letters.

B. A. Boom, N. M. Brown, H. N. Isa, 2016, Physical review letters.

Joshua R. Smith, A. Weigend, J. Ballam, 1989 .

J. R. Palamos, P. B. Covas, T. R. Saravanan, 2021, Classical and Quantum Gravity.

B. A. Boom, H. N. Isa, S. A. Usman, 2019, The Astrophysical Journal.

N. M. Brown, S. A. Usman, C. Broeck, 2015, 1510.03621.

B. A. Boom, N. M. Brown, H. N. Isa, 2016, 1606.01210.

S. Klimenko, M. Fejer, J. Worden, 2008, 0808.2050.

I Wilmut, B Johnson, J. K. Blackburn, 2009, Physical review letters.

J. K. Blackburn, Robert J. Taylor, John D. Scott, 2009 .

Bernard F. Schutz, Rainer Weiss, Shinji Miyoki, 2006 .

K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, A. Olivas, 2008 .

J. R. Palamos, P. B. Covas, T. R. Saravanan, 2021, Classical and Quantum Gravity.

J. K. Blackburn, B. A. Boom, H. N. Isa, 2018, Physical Review Letters.

M. S. Shahriar, B. C. Barish, G. Giordano, 2018, The Astrophysical Journal.

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2012 .

K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, R. Kass, 2011 .

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2008, Physical review letters.

K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, M. Sokoloff, 2009 .

K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, M. Sokoloff, 2009 .

K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, N. Roe, 2008 .

K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, N. Roe, 2007 .

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2004 .

D Huet, K Haris, C Bogan, 2016, Physical review letters.

B. A. Boom, N. M. Brown, H. N. Isa, 2017, Classical and Quantum Gravity.

Robert W. Taylor, B. A. Boom, N. M. Brown, 2016 .

M. J. Williams, P. K. Panda, B. A. Boom, 2020, The Astrophysical Journal Letters.

B. A. Boom, H. N. Isa, P. B. Covas, 2018, Physical review letters.

M. J. Williams, P. K. Panda, B. A. Boom, 2020, The Astrophysical Journal Letters.

K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, N. Roe, 2007 .

D. Leith, M. Datta, R. Field, 2005 .

Bjarne Stugu, I. Kitayama, Marco Bomben, 2005 .

S. Bailey, K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, 2005, Physical Review Letters.

R. Frey, P. Drell, J. Alexander, 1989, AIP Conference Proceedings.

R. Ruth, M. Sokoloff, B. Barish, 1990 .

A. Bodek, M. Goncharov, K. McFarland, 1999, hep-ex/9906038.

A. Bodek, H. Budd, M. Goncharov, 1999 .

R. Field, K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, 2006, Physical review letters.

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2012 .

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2006, Physical review letters.

C Bozzi, E Robutti, L Lista, 2007, Physical review letters.

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2013, Physical review letters.

C Bozzi, E Robutti, L Lista, 2007, Physical review letters.

D. Leith, M. Datta, R. Field, 2006 .

R. Field, S. Bailey, K. Honscheid, 2004, Physical review letters.

D. Leith, S. Schaffner, M. Kunze, 2002, Physical review letters.

R. Field, S. Bailey, K. Honscheid, 2004, Physical review letters.

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2006, Physical review letters.

K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, M. Steinke, 2007 .

J. H. Kang, Jae Hyun Kim, Y. J. Kim, 2014, The European Physical Journal C.

D. Leith, B. Brau, R. Field, 2004, Physical review letters.

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2008, Physical review letters.

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2008, Physical review letters.

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2007, Physical review letters.

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2007 .

R. Kass, D. Leith, R. Field, 2007, Physical review letters.

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2006, Physical review letters.

Andre H. Hoang, Alberto Ruiz-Jimeno, Andrew White, 2013 .

J. M. Tuggle, K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, 2007 .

Y. Wang, M. S. Shahriar, B. C. Barish, 2017, 1701.07709.

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2007, Physical review letters.

K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, A. Olivas, 2007 .

R. Field, K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, 2006, Physical review letters.

Bjarne Stugu, Marco Bomben, Giovanni Calderini, 2012, 1207.0698.

K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, M. Sokoloff, 2009 .

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2006, Physical review letters.

R. Kass, S. Bailey, K. Honscheid, 2005, Physical review letters.

R. Field, K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, 2010 .

C Bozzi, E Robutti, L Lista, 2005, Physical review letters.

M. M. Casey, Robert J. Taylor, Duncan A. Brown, 2007, 0704.0943.

M. M. Casey, Robert Eliot Spero, S. Klimenko, 2005 .

Martin M. Fejer, Shinji Miyoki, Raymond G. Beausoleil, 2004 .

K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, N. Roe, 2006 .

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2010 .

K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, R. Kass, 2009 .

K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, N. Roe, 2007 .

K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, N. Roe, 2006 .

K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, N. Roe, 2006 .

K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, N. Roe, 2005 .

B. Brau, R. Field, S. Bailey, 2004, Physical Review Letters.

David Blair, David P. Anderson, Antonio Lucianetti, 2009 .

J. S. Whitaker, D. Leith, J. Fernandez, 1999, hep-ex/9908006.

B. A. Boom, N. M. Brown, H. N. Isa, 2017, Physical review letters.

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2012, 1202.1313.

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2006, Physical Review Letters.

Kiyotomo Kawagoe, Marcel Vos, W. Lohmann, 2010 .

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2011, 1104.5254.

K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, N. Roe, 2006 .

P. K. Panda, B. A. Boom, J. R. Palamos, 2021, The Astrophysical Journal.

J. Beringer, B. Brau, R. Field, 2003, Physical review letters.

Joshua R. Smith, A. M. Guler, G. P. Yeh, 2007 .

K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, N. Roe, 2006, Physical review letters.

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2013 .

J. K. Blackburn, S. Klimenko, P. Couvares, 2012 .

B. A. Boom, H. N. Isa, J. R. Palamos, 2016, 1611.02972.

M. M. Casey, Duncan A. Brown, S. Klimenko, 2005, gr-qc/0511146.

A. Bodek, M. Goncharov, W. Sakumoto, 2002 .

B. C. Barish, W. T. Ford, A. R. Baden, 1990 .

D. Leith, R. Field, K. Honscheid, 2012, 1209.3896.

P. G. Verdini, J. S. Whitaker, G. Chadwick, 1993 .

Sokoloff, P. G. Verdini, J. S. Whitaker, 1992 .

K. Honscheid, D. Kirkby, R. Kass, 2008 .

P. G. Verdini, J. S. Whitaker, D. Bisello, 1998 .

M. M. Casey, Robert W. Taylor, Robert Eliot Spero, 2004 .

B. A. Boom, H. N. Isa, S. Klimenko, 2016, Physical review letters.

J. Lykken, M. Chertok, P. Derwent, 2001 .

P. G. Verdini, J. S. Whitaker, D. Bisello, 2002 .

Burke, Hayes, Abrams, 1990, Physical review. D, Particles and fields.

N. V. Keerthana, B. A. Boom, H. N. Isa, 2018, 1805.11579.

B. A. Boom, H. N. Isa, J. R. Palamos, 2016, 1611.07531.

M. J. Williams, P. K. Panda, B. A. Boom, 2021, Physical review letters.

Fry, Azzolini, Wagner, 2005, hep-ex/0507004.

Burke, Butler, Hayes, 1990, Physical review. D, Particles and fields.

J. K. Blackburn, Robert W. Taylor, The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, 2011, 1109.2295.

Robert J. Taylor, Duncan A. Brown, C. Broeck, 2008, 0802.4320.

B. A. Boom, H. N. Isa, J. R. Palamos, 2017, 1701.07709.

D. Leith, S. Schaffner, J. Beringer, 2000 .