I. Tracey

Stephen D. Mayhew, P. Jezzard, I. Tracey, 2007, Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism.

Opioids Depress Cortical Centers Responsible for the Volitional Control of Respiration

Irene Tracey, Bradley J MacIntosh, Douglas R Corfield, 2009, The Journal of Neuroscience.

Imaging opioid analgesia in the human brain and its potential relevance for understanding opioid use in chronic pain

I. Tracey, V. Wanigasekera, Michael C. Lee, 2014, Neuropharmacology.

A role for the brainstem in central sensitisation in humans. Evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging

J. Brooks, I. Tracey, G. Iannetti, 2005, Pain.

Structural and functional bases of visuospatial associative memory in older adults

M. Jenkinson, G. Douaud, I. Tracey, 2013, Neurobiology of Aging.

Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science

Andrew K. Przybylski, R. C. Silver, E. Bullmore, 2020, The Lancet Psychiatry.

Learning to identify CNS drug action and efficacy using multistudy fMRI data

Richard E. Harris, M. Woolrich, E. Duff, 2015, Science Translational Medicine.

Optimization and Reliability of Multiple Postlabeling Delay Pseudo-Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling during Rest and Stimulus-Induced Functional Task Activation

I. Tracey, M. Chappell, T. Okell, 2014, Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism.

How neuroimaging studies have challenged us to rethink: is chronic pain a disease?

M. Bushnell, I. Tracey, 2009, The journal of pain : official journal of the American Pain Society.

Imaging how attention modulates pain in humans using functional MRI.

S. Clare, I. Tracey, A. Ploghaus, 2002, Brain : a journal of neurology.

“Luteal Analgesia”: Progesterone Dissociates Pain Intensity and Unpleasantness by Influencing Emotion Regulation Networks

I. Tracey, C. Stagg, K. Vincent, 2018, Front. Endocrinol..

Dysmenorrhoea is associated with central changes in otherwise healthy women

I. Tracey, C. Stagg, K. Vincent, 2011, PAIN.

Psychophysical and functional imaging evidence supporting the presence of central sensitization in a cohort of osteoarthritis patients.

A. Carr, I. Tracey, J. Keltner, 2009, Arthritis and rheumatism.

Nociceptive processing in the human brain

I. Tracey, 2005, Current Opinion in Neurobiology.

A common neurobiology for pain and pleasure

I. Tracey, S. Leknes, 2008, Nature Reviews Neuroscience.

Neuroanatomy of impaired self-awareness in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment

M. Jenkinson, N. Filippini, I. Tracey, 2013, Cortex.

The Effect of Treatment Expectation on Drug Efficacy: Imaging the Analgesic Benefit of the Opioid Remifentanil

K. Wiech, I. Tracey, M. Ploner, 2011, Science Translational Medicine.

Differential structural and resting state connectivity between insular subdivisions and other pain-related brain regions

K. Wiech, J. Andersson, S. Jbabdi, 2014, PAIN®.

REVIEW: From nociception to pain perception: imaging the spinal and supraspinal pathways

J. Brooks, I. Tracey, 2005, Journal of anatomy.

Relief as a Reward: Hedonic and Neural Responses to Safety from Pain

J. Andersson, I. Tracey, Michael C. Lee, 2011, PloS one.

Quantitative neuropathology by high resolution magic angle spinning proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

R. Gonzalez, I. Tracey, L. Becerra, 1997, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

Motor correlates of phantom limb pain

H. Johansen-Berg, I. Tracey, T. Makin, 2017, Cortex.

Discovery and validation of biomarkers to aid the development of safe and effective pain therapeutics: challenges and opportunities

N. Aghaeepour, K. Davis, I. Tracey, 2020, Nature Reviews Neurology.

Brain imaging tests for chronic pain: medical, legal and ethical issues and recommendations

H. Flor, K. Davis, R. Treede, 2017, Nature Reviews Neurology.

Slow-Wave Activity Saturation and Thalamocortical Isolation During Propofol Anesthesia in Humans

S. Jbabdi, I. Tracey, C. Warnaby, 2013, Science Translational Medicine.

The dorsal posterior insula subserves a fundamental role in human pain

J. Farrar, I. Tracey, T. Okell, 2015, Nature Neuroscience.

Reassessing cortical reorganization in the primary sensorimotor cortex following arm amputation

H. Johansen-Berg, J. Scholz, I. Tracey, 2015, Brain : a journal of neurology.

Anterior Insula Integrates Information about Salience into Perceptual Decisions about Pain

K. Wiech, I. Tracey, K. H. Brodersen, 2010, The Journal of Neuroscience.

Induction of Depressed Mood Disrupts Emotion Regulation Neurocircuitry and Enhances Pain Unpleasantness

E. Holmes, G. Goodwin, I. Tracey, 2010, Biological Psychiatry.

A brain-based pain facilitation mechanism contributes to painful diabetic polyneuropathy

Andreas C. Themistocleous, I. Tracey, D. Bennett, 2018, Brain : a journal of neurology.

Aδ nociceptor response to laser stimuli: selective effect of stimulus duration on skin temperature, brain potentials and pain perception

I. Tracey, G. Iannetti, L. Zambreanu, 2004, Clinical Neurophysiology.

Imaging clinically relevant pain states using arterial spin labeling

I. Tracey, M. Howard, M. Loggia, 2019, Pain reports.

Structural changes of the brain in rheumatoid arthritis.

Mark Jenkinson, B Paul Wordsworth, Irene Tracey, 2012, Arthritis and rheumatism.

The importance of context: When relative relief renders pain pleasant

I. Tracey, G. Biele, Michael C. Lee, 2013, PAIN®.

Operculoinsular cortex encodes pain intensity at the earliest stages of cortical processing as indicated by amplitude of laser-evoked potentials in humans

L. Zambreanu, I. Tracey, G. D. Iannetti, 2005, Neuroscience.

The Cerebral Signature for Pain Perception and Its Modulation

Irene Tracey, I. Tracey, P. Mantyh, 2007, Neuron.

Reaffirming the link between chronic phantom limb pain and maintained missing hand representation

Heidi Johansen-Berg, Irene Tracey, Tamar R. Makin, 2018, Cortex.

How a Better Understanding of Spontaneous Mental Imagery Linked to Pain Could Enhance Imagery-Based Therapy in Chronic Pain

Chantal Berna, Irene Tracey, E. Holmes, 2012, Journal of experimental psychopathology.

Presence of Mental Imagery Associated with Chronic Pelvic Pain: A Pilot Study

Chantal Berna, Irene Tracey, E. Holmes, 2011, Pain medicine.

The neural basis of intuitive and counterintuitive moral judgment

Katja Wiech, Julian Savulescu, Irene Tracey, 2011, Social cognitive and affective neuroscience.

Intrinsically organized resting state networks in the human spinal cord

Christian Büchel, Falk Eippert, Christian F Beckmann, 2014, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

An Investigation to Dissociate the Analgesic and Anesthetic Properties of Ketamine Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Richard Rogers, Irene Tracey, Richard G Wise, 2004, Anesthesiology.

Widespread Modulation of Cerebral Perfusion Induced during and after Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Applied to the Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

Charlotte J Stagg, Irene Tracey, Yazhuo Kong, 2013, The Journal of Neuroscience.

Genetic influences on brain activation and large-scale functional connectivity during nociceptive processing: a twin study

Thomas E. Nichols, I. Tracey, P. Fransson, 2021, bioRxiv.

I. Tracey, G. Iannetti, G. Iannetti, 2006, The Journal of physiology.

Composite Pain Biomarker Signatures for Objective Assessment and Effective Treatment

Clifford J. Woolf, Irene Tracey, I. Tracey, 2019, Neuron.

Pharmacological modulation of pain-related brain activity during normal and central sensitization states in humans.

W Vennart, R G Wise, I. Tracey, 2005, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

The Potential Role of Sensory Testing, Skin Biopsy, and Functional Brain Imaging as Biomarkers in Chronic Pain Clinical Trials: IMMPACT Considerations.

David Borsook, Ralf Baron, Tor D Wager, 2017, The journal of pain : official journal of the American Pain Society.

Imaging Attentional Modulation of Pain in the Periaqueductal Gray in Humans

Ravi S. Menon, Paul M Matthews, Ravi S Menon, 2002, The Journal of Neuroscience.

Chapter 6 Brainstem functional imaging in humans

Gian Domenico Iannetti, Irene Tracey, I. Tracey, 2006 .

Pain vulnerability: a neurobiological perspective

Irene Tracey, S. McMahon, I. Tracey, 2014, Nature Neuroscience.

Brain fMRI in clinical pharmacological studies

C. Bountra, Irene Tracey, I. Tracey, 2006 .

Resting Functional Connectivity Reveals Residual Functional Activity in Alzheimer’s Disease

Mark Jenkinson, Clare E. Mackay, Nicola Filippini, 2013, Biological Psychiatry.

Behavioral/systems/cognitive Functional Responses in the Human Spinal Cord during Willed Motor Actions: Evidence for Side-and Rate-dependent Activity

Gian Domenico Iannetti, Jerzy Bodurka, Irene Tracey, 2022 .

Measurement of relative cerebral blood volume using BOLD contrast and mild hypoxic hypoxia.

Richard Rogers, Peter Jezzard, Irene Tracey, 2010, Magnetic resonance imaging.

An in vivo and in vitro 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of mdx mouse brain: Abnormal development or neural necrosis?

G. Radda, J. Dunn, I. Tracey, 1996, Journal of the Neurological Sciences.

Strategy-dependent modulation of cortical pain circuits for the attenuation of pain

A. Winkler, I. Tracey, A. Stankewitz, 2019, Cortex.

Opioid neurotransmission modulates defensive behavior and fear-induced antinociception in dangerous environments

I. Tracey, B. Lobão-Soares, N. Coimbra, 2017, Neuroscience.

Pain vulnerability: a neurobiological

S. McMahon, I. Tracey, 2014 .

Imaging pain: a potent means for investigating pain mechanisms in patients

I. Tracey, M. C. Lee, I. Tracey, 2013, British journal of anaesthesia.

Neuro-genetics of persistent pain

I. Tracey, Michael C. Lee, 2013, Current Opinion in Neurobiology.

Neuroimaging as a tool for pain diagnosis and analgesic development

I. Tracey, K. Wartolowska, 2009, Neurotherapeutics.

Unravelling the Mystery of Pain, Suffering, and Relief With Brain Imaging

I. Tracey, Michael C. Lee, 2010, Current pain and headache reports.

Neuroimaging in understanding chronic pain mechanisms and the development of new therapies

I. Tracey, K. Wartolowska, 2010 .

A Comparison of Visceral and Somatic Pain Processing in the Human Brainstem Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Qasim Aziz, Irene Tracey, Peter Hobden, 2005, The Journal of Neuroscience.

The influence of the descending pain modulatory system on infant pain-related brain activity

Luke Baxter, Fiona Moultrie, Sezgi Goksan, 2018, eLife.

Cerebellar responses during anticipation of noxious stimuli in subjects recovered from depression. Functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

P M Matthews, P. Matthews, P. Cowen, 2002, The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science.

Brain Waves Module 3: Neuroscience, conflict and security

Malcolm Dando, Andrew Stirling, Simon Wessely, 2012 .

Structural and Functional Abnormalities of the Primary Somatosensory Cortex in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Multimodal MRI Study

I. Wilkinson, I. Tracey, D. Selvarajah, 2019, Diabetes.

Imaging opioid analgesia in the human brain

I. Tracey, V. Wanigasekera, Michael C. Lee, 2012 .

Feasibility of Diffusion Tensor and Morphologic Imaging of Peripheral Nerves at Ultra-High Field Strength

M. Jenkinson, N. Bangerter, J. Andersson, 2018, Investigative radiology.

Neural Correlates of an Injury-Free Model of Central Sensitization Induced by Opioid Withdrawal in Humans

I. Tracey, V. Wanigasekera, Michael C. Lee, 2011, The Journal of Neuroscience.

Cortical and Subcortical Connectivity Changes during Decreasing Levels of Consciousness in Humans: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study using Propofol

Richard Rogers, Saad Jbabdi, Irene Tracey, 2010, The Journal of Neuroscience.

General anaesthesia as fragmentation of selfhood: insights from electroencephalography and neuroimaging

J. Sleigh, I. Tracey, C. Warnaby, 2018, British journal of anaesthesia.

Anesthesia-induced Suppression of Human Dorsal Anterior Insula Responsivity at Loss of Volitional Behavioral Response

J. Sleigh, S. Jbabdi, I. Tracey, 2016, Anesthesiology.

Role of brain imaging in disorders of brain–gut interaction: a Rome Working Team Report

I. Tracey, D. Borsook, P. Schweinhardt, 2019, Gut.

An fMRI Study Exploring the Overlap and Differences between Neural Representations of Physical and Recalled Pain

Chantal Berna, Irene Tracey, I. Tracey, 2012, PloS one.

CNS Modulation of Pain in Humans

I. Tracey, U. Bingel, 2008 .

Investigating resting-state functional connectivity in the cervical spinal cord at 3T

C. Büchel, A. Winkler, J. Andersson, 2016, bioRxiv.

Coupling cognitive and brainstem dysfunction in multiple sclerosis-related chronic neuropathic limb pain

C. Pernet, I. Tracey, M. Bastiani, 2022, Brain communications.

Blood oxygenation level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging: current and potential uses in obstetrics and gynaecology

I. Tracey, J. Moore, K. Vincent, 2008, BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology.

Investigating the role of memory on pain perception using FMRI

I. Tracey, 2011 .

Opioid-Independent and Opioid-Mediated Modes of Pain Modulation

G. Goodwin, I. Tracey, S. Leknes, 2018, The Journal of Neuroscience.

Response to the commentary “Multiple potential mechanisms for context effects on pain”

I. Tracey, G. Biele, Michael C. Lee, 2013, PAIN®.

Neural basis of induced phantom limb pain relief

H. Johansen-Berg, I. Tracey, T. Makin, 2019, Annals of neurology.

A new look at painful diabetic neuropathy.

I. Wilkinson, I. Tracey, P. Anand, 2018, Diabetes research and clinical practice.

Low-threshold mechanoreceptors play a frequency-dependent dual role in subjective ratings of mechanical allodynia.

E. Duff, Line S. Löken, I. Tracey, 2017, Journal of neurophysiology.

The spinal cord is never at rest Even when we are at rest, our spinal cords show spontaneous, yet well organised, fluctuations of activity that might reflect sensory and motor networks.

I. Tracey, F. Eippert, 2014 .

Neuroimaging as a tool to investigate how cognitive factors influence analgesic drug outcomes

K. Wiech, I. Tracey, U. Bingel, 2012, Neuroscience Letters.

Within-finger maps of tactile and nociceptive input in the human parietal cortex

M. Sereno, I. Tracey, F. Mancini, 2019, bioRxiv.

300 NON‐INVASIVE FUNCTIONAL IMAGING OF THE HUMAN SPINAL CORD

M. Jenkinson, C. Beckmann, S. Clare, 2006 .

Experimental Observations of Creatine Phosphate and Creatine Metabolism

Joseph F. Clark, G. Radda, J. Dunn, 1996 .

Hippocampus mediates nocebo impairment of opioid analgesia through changes in functional connectivity

K. Wiech, I. Tracey, M. Ploner, 2022, The European journal of neuroscience.

Cortico-brainstem mechanisms of biased perceptual decision-making in the context of pain

K. Wiech, F. Tuerlinckx, J. Vandekerckhove, 2018, bioRxiv.

I. Tracey, V. Wanigasekera, Michael C. Lee, 2011 .

Prospects for Human Pharmacological Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (phMRI)

I. Tracey, 2001 .

IMI2-PainCare-BioPain-RCT2 protocol: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, multicenter trial in healthy subjects to investigate the effects of lacosamide, pregabalin, and tapentadol on biomarkers of pain processing observed by non-invasive neurophysiological measurements of huma

A. Mouraux, R. Treede, I. Tracey, 2022, Trials.

Neuropathic features of joint pain: a community-based study.

C. Cooper, I. Tracey, N. Arden, 2013, Arthritis and rheumatism.

Pharmacological Probes to Validate Biomarkers for Analgesic Drug Development

A. Mouraux, R. Treede, I. Tracey, 2022, International journal of molecular sciences.

HOSPITALISATION IN FIBROMYALGIA: A COHORT-LEVEL OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF IN- PATIENT PROCEDURES, COSTS AND GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION IN ENGLAND. Running head: In-patient care for patients with a diagnosis of fibromyalgia

I. Tracey, A. Segerdahl, R. Pinedo-Villanueva, 2019 .

I. Tracey, A. Soni, 2019, Arthritis & rheumatology.

Authors’ reply to call for caution in the use of PainDETECT to stratify patients into neuropathic and nociceptive pain without additional clinical assessment

I. Tracey, A. Soni, 2019 .

290 IS THERE MORE TO PAIN RELIEF THAN A REDUCTION IN PAIN INTENSITY? A PSYCHOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATION

K. Wiech, J. Brooks, I. Tracey, 2006 .

Sex Hormones and Pain: The Evidence From Functional Imaging

I. Tracey, K. Vincent, 2010, Current pain and headache reports.

Can neuroimaging studies identify pain endophenotypes in humans?

Irene Tracey, I. Tracey, 2011, Nature Reviews Neurology.

A vulnerability to chronic pain and its interrelationship with resistance to analgesia.

I. Tracey, 2016, Brain : a journal of neurology.

SnapShot: Pain Perception

I. Tracey, A. Dickenson, 2012, Cell.

"Seeing" how our drugs work brings translational added value.

I. Tracey, 2013, Anesthesiology.

Itch and motivation to scratch: an investigation of the central and peripheral correlates of allergen- and histamine-induced itch in humans.

Irene Tracey, Susanna Bantick, Carolyn M Willis, 2007, Journal of neurophysiology.

Neuroimaging reveals a potential brain-based pre-existing mechanism that confers vulnerability to development of chronic painful chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.

S. Lawrie, H. Whalley, I. Tracey, 2022, British journal of anaesthesia.

Deﬁning the Functional Role of Na V 1.7 in Human Nociception

David L. Bennett, Andreas C. Themistocleous, I. Tracey, 2019 .

Corrigendum: The dorsal posterior insula subserves a fundamental role in human pain

J. Farrar, I. Tracey, T. Okell, 2015, Nature Neuroscience.

Functional MRI of pain: Noxious heat and cold stimuli

I. Tracey, L. Becerra, R. Gonzalez, 1997 .

Structural brain changes in rheumatoid arthritis

Paul Wordsworth, I. Tracey, M. Hough, 2009, NeuroImage.

Pharmacological FMRI: Measuring Opioid Effects on the BOLD Response to Hypercapnia

Stephen D. Mayhew, Richard Rogers, Irene Tracey, 2007, Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism.

Hospitalization in fibromyalgia: a cohort-level observational study of in-patient procedures, costs and geographical variation in England.

I. Tracey, M. Javaid, A. Segerdahl, 2019, Rheumatology.

A 31P‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy and biochemical study of the movbr mouse: Potential model for the mitochondrial encephalomyopathies

G. Radda, J. Dunn, I. Tracey, 1997, Muscle & nerve.

Evidence that central sensitisation is present in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome and influences the outcome after surgery.

A. Carr, I. Tracey, S. Gwilym, 2011, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume.

Complex pattern of facial remapping in somatosensory cortex following congenital but not acquired hand loss

I. Tracey, T. Makin, E. Amoruso, 2022, eLife.

Pain and Pleasure : Masters of Mankind

I. Tracey, S. Leknes, 2009 .

Resting fluctuations in arterial carbon dioxide induce significant low frequency variations in BOLD signal

Irene Tracey, Kojiro Ide, Richard G Wise, 2004, NeuroImage.

Getting the pain you expect: mechanisms of placebo, nocebo and reappraisal effects in humans

Irene Tracey, I. Tracey, 2010, Nature Medicine.

Somatotopic organisation of the human insula to painful heat studied with high resolution functional imaging

Jonathan C. W. Brooks, L. Zambreanu, A. Godinez, 2005, NeuroImage.

Pain, decisions, and actions: a motivational perspective

Katja Wiech, Irene Tracey, K. Wiech, 2013, Front. Neurosci..

The insula: A multidimensional integration site for pain

I. Tracey, J. Brooks, I. Tracey, 2007, Pain.

Investigating resting-state functional connectivity in the cervical spinal cord at 3 T

Irene Tracey, Christian Büchel, Falk Eippert, 2016, NeuroImage.

Thalamic atrophy associated with painful osteoarthritis of the hip is reversible after arthroplasty: a longitudinal voxel-based morphometric study.

Nicola Filippini, Irene Tracey, G. Douaud, 2010, Arthritis and rheumatism.

Non-invasive imaging of cartilage in early osteoarthritis.

Sion Glyn-Jones, Peter Jezzard, Irene Tracey, 2013, The bone & joint journal.

Brain imaging approaches to the study of functional GI disorders: A Rome Working Team Report

I. Tracey, M. Kern, R. Lane, 2009, Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society.

Defining the Functional Role of NaV1.7 in Human Nociception

Andreas C. Themistocleous, I. Tracey, J. Serra, 2019, Neuron.

Pain in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review of neuroimaging studies

I. Tracey, I. Tracey, J. Palace, 2014, NeuroImage: Clinical.

GaPP2, a multicentre randomised controlled trial of the efficacy of gabapentin for the management of chronic pelvic pain in women: study protocol

I. Tracey, R. Cregg, G. Macfarlane, 2018, BMJ Open.

Placebo comparator group selection and use in surgical trials: the ASPIRE project including expert workshop.

A. Rangan, C. Weijer, F. Hamdy, 2021, Health technology assessment.

Cortical Processing of Human Somatic and Visceral Sensation

I. Tracey, E. T. Bullmore, S. Hamdy, 1999, The Journal of Neuroscience.

Brain imaging reveals that engagement of descending inhibitory pain pathways in healthy women in a low endogenous estradiol state varies with testosterone

I. Tracey, C. Stagg, K. Vincent, 2013, PAIN.

Placebo conditioning and placebo analgesia modulate a common brain network during pain anticipation and perception

Gian Domenico Iannetti, Brent A. Vogt, Wael El-Deredy, 2009, PAIN®.

Anticipatory brainstem activity predicts neural processing of pain in humans

Katja Wiech, Irene Tracey, Paul Dunckley, 2007, Pain.

Human surrogate models of central sensitization: A critical review and practical guide

A. Mouraux, R. Treede, I. Tracey, 2021, European journal of pain.

Amygdala activity contributes to the dissociative effect of cannabis on pain perception

David K. Menon, Katja Wiech, Irene Tracey, 2013, PAIN®.

Prestimulus functional connectivity determines pain perception in humans

Katja Wiech, Irene Tracey, Ulrike Bingel, 2009, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

The pain matrix: Reloaded or reborn as we image tonic pain using arterial spin labelling

I. Tracey, Emily Johns, 2010, PAIN®.

Combining fMRI with a Pharmacokinetic Model to Determine Which Brain Areas Activated by Painful Stimulation Are Specifically Modulated by Remifentanil

Richard G. Wise, Richard Rogers, Irene Tracey, 2002, NeuroImage.

Using fMRI to Quantify the Time Dependence of Remifentanil Analgesia in the Human Brain

Irene Tracey, Richard G Wise, I. Tracey, 2004, Neuropsychopharmacology.

The current state-of-the-art of spinal cord imaging: Applications

P. W. Stroman, M. Bacon, J. M. Schwab, 2014, NeuroImage.

Physiological noise modelling for spinal functional magnetic resonance imaging studies

Richard G. Wise, Irene Tracey, Mark Jenkinson, 2008, NeuroImage.

Gabapentin for chronic pelvic pain in women (GaPP2): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

I. Tracey, M. Feltham, R. Cregg, 2020, The Lancet.

The influence of negative emotions on pain: Behavioral effects and neural mechanisms

Irene Tracey, Katja Wiech, K. Wiech, 2009, NeuroImage.

1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals neuronal injury in a simian immunodeficiency virus macaque model.

I. Tracey, A. Lackner, B. Navia, 1997, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes and human retrovirology : official publication of the International Retrovirology Association.

Exercise metabolism in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a biochemical and [31P]-nuclear magnetic resonance study of mdx mice

G. Radda, J. Dunn, I. Tracey, 1993, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences.

A 31P-NMR study of muscle exercise metabolism in mdx mice: Evidence for abnormal pH regulation

G. Radda, J. Dunn, I. Tracey, 1992, Journal of the Neurological Sciences.

Brain metabolism is abnormal in the mdx model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

G. Radda, J. Dunn, I. Tracey, 1996, Brain : a journal of neurology.

Brain abnormalities in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy and neuropsychological study

G. Radda, J. Dunn, I. Tracey, 1995, The Lancet.

Can Neuropathic Pain Predict Response to Arthroplasty in Knee Osteoarthritis? A Prospective Observational Cohort Study

C. Cooper, I. Tracey, N. Arden, 2018, bioRxiv.

Determining the Neural Substrate for Encoding a Memory of Human Pain and the Influence of Anxiety

I. Tracey, F. Eippert, Y. Kong, 2017, The Journal of Neuroscience.

Disambiguating Pharmacodynamic Efficacy from Behavior with Neuroimaging: Implications for Analgesic Drug Development

Irene Tracey, Yazhuo Kong, Vishvarani Wanigasekera, 2016, Anesthesiology.

Identifying Brain Activity Specifically Related to the Maintenance and Perceptual Consequence of Central Sensitization in Humans

David K Menon, Irene Tracey, I. Tracey, 2008, The Journal of Neuroscience.

Importance of anti- and pro-nociceptive mechanisms in human disease

I. Tracey, P. Dunckley, 2004, Gut.

Ultra-high-field imaging reveals increased whole brain connectivity underpins cognitive strategies that attenuate pain

A. Winkler, I. Tracey, A. Stankewitz, 2020, eLife.

Influence of prior information on pain involves biased perceptual decision-making

K. Wiech, F. Tuerlinckx, J. Vandekerckhove, 2014, Current Biology.

Expectations and positive emotional feelings accompany reductions in ongoing and evoked neuropathic pain following placebo interventions

I. Tracey, D. Price, F. Benedetti, 2014, PAIN®.

P125 The relationship between mid-life pain and cognitive impairment: a prospective, population-based study

I. Tracey, N. Arden, A. Delmestri, 2021 .

Imaging pain in patients: is it meaningful?

Irene Tracey, I. Tracey, P. Schweinhardt, 2006, Current opinion in neurology.

Pain relief as an opponent process: a psychophysical investigation

K. Wiech, J. Brooks, I. Tracey, 2008, The European journal of neuroscience.

Counter-stimulatory effects on pain perception and processing are significantly altered by attention: an fMRI study

Heidi Johansen-Berg, Francis McGlone, Irene Tracey, 2001, NeuroImage.

fMRI reveals neural activity overlap between adult and infant pain

Richard Rogers, Mark Jenkinson, Fiona Moultrie, 2015, eLife.

Investigation of Slow-wave Activity Saturation during Surgical Anesthesia Reveals a Signature of Neural Inertia in Humans

J. Sleigh, S. Jbabdi, I. Tracey, 2017, Anesthesiology.

Pinprick-evoked brain potentials: a novel tool to assess central sensitization of nociceptive pathways in humans.

U. Baumgärtner, I. Tracey, G. Iannetti, 2013, Journal of neurophysiology.

Flexible cerebral connectivity patterns subserve contextual modulations of pain.

Katja Wiech, Irene Tracey, Ulrike Bingel, 2011, Cerebral cortex.

Chronic pain disrupts the reward circuitry in multiple sclerosis

Jacqueline Palace, I. Tracey, D. Seixas, 2016, The European journal of neuroscience.

Genetic Influence on Nociceptive Processing in the Human Brain—A Twin Study

Thomas E. Nichols, I. Tracey, P. Fransson, 2021, Cerebral cortex.

The dorsal posterior insula is not an island in pain but subserves a fundamental role - Response to: “Evidence against pain specificity in the dorsal posterior insula” by Davis et al.

Thomas W Okell, Irene Tracey, Melvin Mezue, 2015, F1000Research.

Correction: fMRI reveals neural activity overlap between adult and infant pain

M. Jenkinson, S. Clare, I. Tracey, 2015, eLife.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging can be used to explore tactile and nociceptive processing in the infant brain

Lorenzo Fabrizi, Judith Meek, Maria Fitzgerald, 2014, Acta paediatrica.

A systematic study of the sensitivity of partial volume correction methods for the quantification of perfusion from pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling MRI

Irene Tracey, Michael A. Chappell, Thomas W. Okell, 2017, NeuroImage.

Neuroimaging enters the pain biomarker arena

I. Tracey, 2021, Science Translational Medicine.

Counter-stimulatory effects on pain perception and processing are significantly altered by attention: an fMRI study.

F. McGlone, H. Johansen-Berg, I. Tracey, 2001 .

Determination of the human brainstem respiratory control network and its cortical connections in vivo using functional and structural imaging

Stephen D. Mayhew, Sharon Dirckx, Richard G. Wise, 2009, NeuroImage.

Hormones and Their Interaction with the Pain Experience

I. Tracey, K. Vincent, 2008, Reviews in pain.

Denoising spinal cord fMRI data: Approaches to acquisition and analysis

Irene Tracey, Mark Jenkinson, Falk Eippert, 2017, NeuroImage.

An fMRI study of cerebral processing of brush-evoked allodynia in neuropathic pain patients

Irene Tracey, Jonathan Brooks, Henry McQuay, 2006, NeuroImage.

An In-vivo 1H-MRS short-echo time technique at 7T: Quantification of metabolites in chronic multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica brain lesions and normal appearing brain tissue

A. Winkler, I. Tracey, Y. Kong, 2021, NeuroImage.

The CSAW Study (Can Shoulder Arthroscopy Work?) – a placebo-controlled surgical intervention trial assessing the clinical and cost effectiveness of arthroscopic subacromial decompression for shoulder pain: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Jenny Donovan, Marcus Jepson, Alastair Gray, 2015, Trials.

Neuroimaging of pain mechanisms

Irene Tracey, I. Tracey, 2007, Current opinion in supportive and palliative care.

Chronic neuropathic pain severity is determined by lesion level in aquaporin 4-antibody-positive myelitis

I. Tracey, Y. Kong, Jacqueline A Palace, 2016, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry.

Determining anatomical connectivities between cortical and brainstem pain processing regions in humans: A diffusion tensor imaging study in healthy controls

Irene Tracey, Paul Dunckley, I. Tracey, 2006, Pain.

Lateralisation of nociceptive processing in the human brain: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Richard G. Wise, Irene Tracey, Anthony K. P. Jones, 2004, NeuroImage.

Imaging CNS modulation of pain in humans.

Irene Tracey, Ulrike Bingel, I. Tracey, 2008, Physiology.

Meta-analysis of neural systems underlying placebo analgesia from individual participant fMRI data

Lieven A. Schenk, C. Porro, I. Tracey, 2021, Nature Communications.

Quantitative assessment of the reproducibility of functional activation measured with BOLD and MR perfusion imaging: Implications for clinical trial design

Irene Tracey, Paul M. Matthews, Richard Wise, 2005, NeuroImage.

Imaging the effects of tumour necrosis factor inhibition on pain processing in severe rheumatoid arthritis

I. Tracey, K. Wartolowska, J. Andersson, 2023, medRxiv.

Baseline reward circuitry activity and trait reward responsiveness predict expression of opioid analgesia in healthy subjects

Richard Rogers, Irene Tracey, Yazhuo Kong, 2012, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Metabolic Consequences of the Cytochrome c Oxidase Deficiency in Brain of Copper‐Deficient Movbr Mice

C. Elger, I. Tracey, W. Kunz, 1999, Journal of neurochemistry.

An fMRI study measuring analgesia enhanced by religion as a belief system

Katja Wiech, Irene Tracey, Miguel Farias, 2008, PAIN.

Neural dynamics of parametrically modulated human mechanical pain determined using whole-brain quantitative perfusion imaging

I. Tracey, A. Segerdahl, Y. Kong, 2021, bioRxiv.

Is pH a biochemical marker of IQ?

G J Kemp, G. Radda, I. Tracey, 1996, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences.

Central Sensitization in Knee Osteoarthritis: Relating Presurgical Brainstem Neuroimaging and PainDETECT‐Based Patient Stratification to Arthroplasty Outcome

C. Cooper, I. Tracey, M. Javaid, 2019, Arthritis & rheumatology.

Reassessing face topography in primary somatosensory cortex and remapping following hand loss

I. Tracey, T. Makin, J. Thornton, 2021, bioRxiv.

Investigating facial information content in the hand area of individuals with a congenital and acquired missing hand

I. Tracey, T. Makin, J. Thornton, 2021 .

Cold or calculating? Reduced activity in the subgenual cingulate cortex reflects decreased emotional aversion to harming in counterintuitive utilitarian judgment

Katja Wiech, Julian Savulescu, Irene Tracey, 2013, Cognition.

Imaging pain

I. Tracey, 2019, Journal of the Neurological Sciences.

Cortical processing of visceral and somatic stimulation: Differentiating pain intensity from unpleasantness

I. Tracey, J. Brooks, R. Wise, 2005, Neuroscience.

Volunteer studies in pain research — Opportunities and challenges to replace animal experiments The report and recommendations of a Focus on Alternatives workshop

Irene Tracey, Chas Bountra, Anthony Jones, 2008, NeuroImage.

Structural Connectivity Variances Underlie Functional and Behavioral Changes During Pain Relief Induced by Neuromodulation

Nicola Filippini, Thomas W. Okell, Charlotte J. Stagg, 2017, Scientific Reports.

Evidence for asymmetric frontal-lobe involvement in episodic memory from functional magnetic resonance imaging and patients with unilateral frontal-lobe excisions

Andy C. H. Lee, T. Robbins, A. Owen, 2002, Neuropsychologia.

Cortico-brainstem mechanisms of biased perceptual decision-making in the context of pain.

K. Wiech, F. Tuerlinckx, J. Vandekerckhove, 2021, The journal of pain.

Stimulus Site and Modality Dependence of Functional Activity within the Human Spinal Cord

Mark Jenkinson, Irene Tracey, Yazhuo Kong, 2012, The Journal of Neuroscience.

Assessment of physiological noise modelling methods for functional imaging of the spinal cord

Irene Tracey, Mark Jenkinson, Jonathan C. W. Brooks, 2012, NeuroImage.

Magnetic Resonance Neuroimaging Study of Brain Structural Differences in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

I. Wilkinson, I. Tracey, D. Selvarajah, 2014, Diabetes Care.

Considerations and Methods for Placebo Controls in Surgical Trials: State of the Art Review and ASPIRE Guidance

A. Rangan, C. Weijer, A. Carr, 2019 .

Neuroimaging of Visceral Pain

I. Tracey, Emily Johns, 2009, Reviews in pain.

Investigation into the neural correlates of emotional augmentation of clinical pain

Irene Tracey, Paul Wordsworth, Petra Schweinhardt, 2008, NeuroImage.

3.1. High-resolution functional and structural imaging of the brain stem and spinal cord

I. Tracey, 2007, Clinical Neurophysiology.

Attentional modulation of visceral and somatic pain

J. Brooks, I. Tracey, R. Wise, 2007, Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society.

The eyes and ears are visual indicators of attention in domestic horses

K. Wiech, F. Tuerlinckx, J. Vandekerckhove, 2019 .

High field structural MRI in the management of degenerative cervical myelopathy

I. Tracey, Y. Kong, E. Pereira, 2018, British journal of neurosurgery.

Spatiotemporal characterization of breathing-induced B0 field fluctuations in the cervical spinal cord at 7T

Irene Tracey, S. Johanna Vannesjo, Karla L. Miller, 2018, NeuroImage.

Chronic musculoskeletal impairment is associated with alterations in brain regions responsible for the production and perception of movement

I. Tracey, S. Khot, J. Kolasinski, 2021, The Journal of physiology.

Network-level reorganisation of functional connectivity following arm amputation

Irene Tracey, Heidi Johansen-Berg, Eugene P. Duff, 2015, NeuroImage.

Functional connectivity and pain: How effectively connected is your brain?☆ ☆ Please see related article in the June issue of PAIN: Mayer et al., PAIN 115/3, pp. 398–409.

Irene Tracey, I. Tracey, 2005, Pain.

Monkey Hairy Skin: Heat-Response Properties Myelinated Mechanically Insensitive Afferents From

R. Meyer, U. Baumgärtner, R. Treede, 2015 .

Disambiguating pharmacological mechanisms from placebo in neuropathic pain using functional neuroimaging

I. Tracey, W. Vennart, E. Duff, 2017, British journal of anaesthesia.

Dissociable Neural Mechanisms Underlying the Modulation of Pain and Anxiety? An fMRI Pilot Study

K. Wiech, I. Tracey, M. Ploner, 2014, PloS one.

nduction of Depressed Mood Disrupts Emotion egulation Neurocircuitry and Enhances Pain npleasantness

E. Holmes, G. Goodwin, I. Tracey, 2022 .

PLACEBO CONTROLS IN SURGICAL TRIALS

C. Weijer, A. Carr, F. Hamdy, 2019 .

Regions of interest analysis in pharmacological fMRI: How do the definition criteria influence the inferred result?

Gian Domenico Iannetti, Richard G. Wise, Georgios D. Mitsis, 2008, NeuroImage.

Decoding the perception of pain from fMRI using multivariate pattern analysis

Joachim M. Buhmann, Irene Tracey, Klaas E. Stephan, 2012, NeuroImage.

Noxious hot and cold stimulation produce common patterns of brain activation in humans: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study

David Borsook, Irene Tracey, Lino Becerra, 2000, Neuroscience Letters.

Finding the Hurt in Pain

I. Tracey, 2016, Cerebrum : the Dana forum on brain science.

Ultra-high field imaging reveals increased whole brain connectivity underpins cognitive strategies that attenuate pain

A. Winkler, I. Tracey, A. Stankewitz, 2019, bioRxiv.

Pain and the PAG: learning from painful mistakes

I. Tracey, F. Eippert, 2014, Nature Neuroscience.

Ulrike Bingel Analgesic Benefit of the Opioid Remifentanil The Effect of Treatment Expectation on Drug Efficacy : Imaging the

K. Wiech, I. Tracey, M. Ploner, 2011 .

Brainstem functional imaging in humans.

Gian Domenico Iannetti, Irene Tracey, I. Tracey, 2006, Supplements to Clinical neurophysiology.

An optimal 1H-MRS technique at 7T: Proof-of-principle in Chronic Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Brain Lesions and Normal Appearing Brain Tissue.

A. Winkler, Jacqueline Palace, I. Tracey, 2020, medRxiv.

Calibration of arterial spin labeling data—potential pitfalls in post‐processing

Michael A Chappell, Thomas W Okell, Joana Pinto, 2019, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

The Neural Matrix of Pain Processing and Placebo Analgesia: Evidence from Functional Imaging

I. Tracey, 2005 .

Response to Dr Ochoa

I. Tracey, G. Iannetti, L. Zambreanu, 2005, Pain.

Willis Hippocampus and Entorhinal Complex , Functional Imaging

R. Schmidt, I. Tracey, S. Leknes, 2009 .

Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic – Authors' reply

R. C. Silver, E. Bullmore, E. Holmes, 2020, The Lancet Psychiatry.

The anxiolytic effects of midazolam during anticipation to pain revealed using fMRI.

Richard Rogers, Brandon J Lujan, G. D. Peskett, 2007, Magnetic resonance imaging.

IMI2-PainCare-BioPain-RCT3: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, multi-center trial in healthy subjects to investigate the effects of lacosamide, pregabalin, and tapentadol on biomarkers of pain processing observed by electroencephalography (EEG)

A. Mouraux, R. Treede, I. Tracey, 2021, Trials.

Simultaneous recording of laser-evoked brain potentials and continuous, high-field functional magnetic resonance imaging in humans

Rami K. Niazy, Gian Domenico Iannetti, Richard G. Wise, 2005, NeuroImage.

Imaging the neural correlates of visceral and somatic pain in the brainstem

I. Tracey, R. Wise, Q. Aziz, 2005 .

Modeling of regional dynamic CO2 reactivity in respiratory related brain areas using BOLD fMRI

Stephen D. Mayhew, Sharon Dirckx, Richard G. Wise, 2008, 2008 8th IEEE International Conference on BioInformatics and BioEngineering.

Imaging the neural correlates of neuropathic pain and pleasurable relief associated with inherited erythromelalgia in a single subject with quantitative arterial spin labelling

Jingyi Xie, Irene Tracey, Andrew R. Segerdahl, 2012, PAIN®.

Brainstem processing of peripheral punctate stimuli in patients with and without chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: a prospective cohort functional MRI study

S. Lawrie, H. Whalley, I. Tracey, 2016, The Lancet.

NEUROIMAGING EVIDENCE OF CENTRAL SENSITIZATION IN PATIENTS WITH KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS

I. Tracey, V. Wanigasekera, A. Price, 2016 .

In Reply.

J. Sleigh, I. Tracey, C. Warnaby, 2018, Anesthesiology.

Response to "Treating patients rather than their functional neuroimages" (Br J Anaesth 2018; 121: 969-71).

E. Duff, I. Tracey, W. Vennart, 2019, British journal of anaesthesia.

Introducing the Biennial Review of Pain

I. Tracey, F. Keefe, 2013, PAIN®.

Why pain hurts

I. Tracey, 2022, Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

204 PINPRICK‐EVOKED POTENTIALS (PEPS): A NOVEL TOOL TO ASSESS CENTRAL SENSITISATION IN HUMANS

U. Baumgärtner, I. Tracey, G. Iannetti, 2007 .

Human lesions and animal studies link the claustrum to perception, salience, sleep and pain

Adam Packer, I. Tracey, V. Vyazovskiy, 2022, Brain : a journal of neurology.

A method for correcting breathing‐induced field fluctuations in T2*‐weighted spinal cord imaging using a respiratory trace

Lars Kasper, Karla L Miller, S Johanna Vannesjo, 2019, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

PSYCHOLOGY, PSYCHIATRY & BRAIN NEUROSCIENCE SECTION Original Research Article Presence of Mental Imagery Associated with Chronic Pelvic Pain: A Pilot Study

E. Holmes, G. Goodwin, I. Tracey, 2016 .

The dorsal posterior insula is not an island in pain but subserves a fundamental role - Response to: “Evidence against pain specificity in the dorsal posterior insula” by Davis et al.

J. Farrar, I. Tracey, T. Okell, 2015, F1000Research.

CENTRAL SENSITISATION IN KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS: RELATING PRE-SURGICAL BRAINSTEM NEUROIMAGING AND PAINDETECT BASED PATIENT STRATIFICATION TO ARTHROPLASTY OUTCOME Running head: Central Sensitisation in Knee Osteoarthritis

I. Tracey, M. Javaid, V. Wanigasekera, 2018 .

NEUROPATHIC PAIN AS A PREDICTOR OF SHORT AND LONG-TERM OUTCOME FOLLOWING KNEE REPLACEMENT SURGERY

I. Tracey, N. Arden, A. Price, 2016 .

Abnormalities in endogenous descending pain inhibitory and facilitatory influences probably contribute to the development and maintenance of chronic pain states

I. Tracey, 2004 .

Activity in Ventrolateral and Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex during Nonspatial Visual Working Memory Processing: Evidence from Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Bruce R. Rosen, Chantal E. Stern, Michael Petrides, 2000, NeuroImage.

Neuroanatomy of impaired self-awareness in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment

M. Jenkinson, N. Filippini, I. Tracey, 2013, Cortex.

Supplementary Materials for The Effect of Treatment Expectation on Drug Efficacy: Imaging the Analgesic Benefit of the Opioid Remifentanil

K. Wiech, I. Tracey, M. Ploner, 2011 .

Exacerbation of Pain by Anxiety Is Associated with Activity in a Hippocampal Network

S. Clare, I. Tracey, A. Ploghaus, 2001, The Journal of Neuroscience.

Finding the Hurt in Pain

I. Tracey, 2016, Cerebrum : the Dana forum on brain science.

"Seeing" how our drugs work brings translational added value.

I. Tracey, 2013, Anesthesiology.

Thalamic atrophy associated with painful osteoarthritis of the hip is reversible after arthroplasty: a longitudinal voxel-based morphometric study.

G. Douaud, A. Carr, N. Filippini, 2010, Arthritis and rheumatism.

Response to "Treating patients rather than their functional neuroimages" (Br J Anaesth 2018; 121: 969-71).

E. Duff, I. Tracey, W. Vennart, 2019, British journal of anaesthesia.

Brain imaging approaches to the study of functional GI disorders: A Rome Working Team Report

R. Lane, I. Tracey, Q. Aziz, 2009, Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society.

Stimulus Site and Modality Dependence of Functional Activity within the Human Spinal Cord

M. Jenkinson, J. Brooks, I. Tracey, 2012, The Journal of Neuroscience.

An fMRI study measuring analgesia enhanced by religion as a belief system

K. Wiech, I. Tracey, N. Shackel, 2008, PAIN.

The spinal cord is never at rest

Falk Eippert, Irene Tracey, I. Tracey, 2014, eLife.

Magnetic Resonance Neuroimaging Study of Brain Structural Differences in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

I. Wilkinson, I. Tracey, D. Selvarajah, 2014, Diabetes Care.

Revealing the neural fingerprints of a missing hand

Heidi Johansen-Berg, Christian F Beckmann, Saad Jbabdi, 2016, eLife.

Pharmacological fMRI: A New Tool for Drug Development in Humans

Irene Tracey, Richard Geoffrey Wise, I. Tracey, 2001 .

Denoising spinal cord fMRI data: Approaches to acquisition and analysis

M. Jenkinson, J. Brooks, I. Tracey, 2017, NeuroImage.

IMI2-PainCare-BioPain-RCT1: study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, multi-center trial in healthy subjects to investigate the effects of lacosamide, pregabalin, and tapentadol on biomarkers of pain processing observed by peripheral nerve excitability testing (NE

A. Mouraux, R. Treede, I. Tracey, 2022, Trials.

Taking the narrative out of pain: Objectifying pain through brain Imaging

I. Tracey, 2005 .

Optimization and Reliability of Multiple Postlabeling Delay Pseudo-Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling during Rest and Stimulus-Induced Functional Task Activation

I. Tracey, M. Chappell, T. Okell, 2014, Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism.

Adelta nociceptor response to laser stimuli: selective effect of stimulus duration on skin temperature, brain potentials and pain perception.

I. Tracey, G. Iannetti, L. Zambreanu, 2004, Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology.