S. Spencer

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Stereotype Threat and Women's Math Performance

S. Spencer, C. Steele, D. Quinn, 1999 .

Stereotype threat and the academic underperformance of minorities and women.

Joshua Aronson, S. Spencer, D. Quinn, 1998 .

“Interacting with sexist men triggers social identity threat among female engineers”: Correction.

W. Hippel, G. Walton, S. Spencer, 2009 .

Latent Ability

G. Walton, S. Spencer, 2009, Psychological science.

An affirmed self and an open mind: Self-affirmation and sensitivity to argument strength.

M. Zanna, S. Spencer, Joshua Correll, 2004 .

Subliminal priming and persuasion: Striking while the iron is hot

Mark P. Zanna, M. Zanna, S. Spencer, 2002 .

Motivated social perception

S. Spencer, Steven J. Spencer, 2003 .

Stereotype Threat and Women's Performance in Engineering

S. Spencer, E. Iserman, Amy E. Bell, 2003 .

Stereotype Threat.

S. Spencer, Paul G. Davies, Christine Logel, 2016, Annual review of psychology.

The Interference of Stereotype Threat With Women's Generation of Mathematical Problem-Solving Strategies

S. Spencer, D. Quinn, Diane M. Quinn, 2001 .

The Effect Of Stereotype Threat On Women's Performance On The Fundamentals Of Engineering Exam

S. Spencer, Amy E. Bell, Steven Spencer, 2002 .

Consuming Images: How Television Commercials that Elicit Stereotype Threat Can Restrain Women Academically and Professionally

S. Spencer, D. Quinn, Paul G. Davies, 2002 .

Mere belonging: the power of social connections.

Geoffrey L. Cohen, G. Walton, S. Spencer, 2012, Journal of personality and social psychology.

When do stereotypes come to mind and when do they color judgment? A goal-based theoretical framework for stereotype activation and application.

Z. Kunda, S. Spencer, Ziva Kunda, 2003, Psychological bulletin.

Compensatory conviction in the face of personal uncertainty: going to extremes and being oneself.

J. G. Holmes, M. Zanna, S. Spencer, 2001, Journal of personality and social psychology.

Establishing a causal chain: why experiments are often more effective than mediational analyses in examining psychological processes.

M. Zanna, S. Spencer, G. Fong, 2005, Journal of personality and social psychology.

Inequality, discrimination, and the power of the status quo: Direct evidence for a motivation to see the way things are as the way they should be.

Aaron C. Kay, M. Zanna, S. Spencer, 2009, Journal of personality and social psychology.

Contending with group image: The psychology of stereotype and social identity threat

S. Spencer, C. Steele, J. Aronson, 2002 .

Prejudice as self-image maintenance: Affirming the self through derogating others

S. Spencer, S. Fein, Steven J. Spencer, 1997 .

African Americans and High Blood Pressure: The Role of Stereotype Threat

Jim Blascovich, Claude Steele, J. Blascovich, 2001, Psychological science.

Clearing the air: identity safety moderates the effects of stereotype threat on women's leadership aspirations.

S. Spencer, C. Steele, Paul G. Davies, 2005, Journal of personality and social psychology.

Your heart makes my heart move: Cues of social connectedness cause shared emotions and physiological states among strangers.

Gregory M. Walton, G. Walton, S. Spencer, 2011 .

Interacting with sexist men triggers social identity threat among female engineers.

Christine Logel, William von Hippel, G. Walton, 2009, Journal of personality and social psychology.

Self-image resilience and dissonance: the role of affirmational resources.

C M Steele, S. Spencer, C. Steele, 1993, Journal of personality and social psychology.

The cost of lower self-esteem: testing a self- and social-bonds model of health.

J. G. Holmes, J. V. Wood, Danu Anthony Stinson, 2008, Journal of personality and social psychology.

Two brief interventions to mitigate a “chilly climate” transform women’s experience, relationships, and achievement in engineering.

Mark P. Zanna, Christine Logel, Gregory M. Walton, 2014 .

Coping with Negative Stereotypes about Intellectual Performance: The Role of Psychological Disengagement

Toni Schmader, Jennifer Crocker, J. Crocker, 1998 .

The Primacy of Self-Integrity

S. Spencer, C. Steele, 1992 .

10. Discrepancies between implicit and explicit attitudes, prejudices, and self-esteem: a model of simultaneous accessibility

Christian H. Jordan, M. Zanna, S. Spencer, 2012 .

Nonconscious Self-Esteem: Is There Something You're Not Telling Yourself?

Christian H. Jordan, M. Zanna, S. Spencer, 2006 .

Investigating attitudes cross-culturally: a case of cognitive dissonance among East Asians and North Americans

Mark P. Zanna, M. Zanna, S. Spencer, 2004 .

Examining Beliefs About the Benefits of Self-Affirmation for Mitigating Self-Threat

Abigail A. Scholer, K. Fujita, S. Spencer, 2022, Personality & social psychology bulletin.

When seeing stigma creates paternalism: Learning about disadvantage leads to perceptions of incompetence

S. Spencer, Christine Logel, S. Reeves, 2021, Group processes & intergroup relations : GPIR.

Gender-specific effects of COVID-19 lockdowns on scientific publishing productivity: Impact and resilience

S. Spencer, M. Hutchinson, M. Ryan, 2023, Social science & medicine.

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Mere Belonging: The Power of Social Connections

Geoffrey L. Cohen, G. Walton, S. Spencer, 2011 .

On the cultural guises of cognitive dissonance: the case of easterners and westerners.

Shinobu Kitayama, M. Zanna, S. Spencer, 2005, Journal of personality and social psychology.

The dynamic time course of stereotype activation: activation, dissipation, and resurrection.

Barbara D. Adams, Z. Kunda, S. Spencer, 2002, Journal of personality and social psychology.

Affirmative Meritocracy: Affirmative Meritocracy

G. Walton, S. Spencer, Sam Erman, 2013 .

"I love me...I love me not:" Implicit self-esteem, explicit self-esteem, and defensiveness.

Christian H. Jordan, M. Zanna, S. Spencer, 2003 .

Automatic Activation of Stereotypes: The Role of Self-Image Threat

Christina T. Fong, S. Spencer, S. Fein, 1998 .

Not all automatic associations are created equal: How implicit normative evaluations are distinct from implicit attitudes and uniquely predict meaningful behavior

M. Zanna, S. Spencer, Jennifer M. Peach, 2012 .

Recognizing discrimination explicitly while denying it implicitly: Implicit social identity protection☆

M. Zanna, S. Spencer, J. Steele, 2011 .

The role of motivation in the unconscious: How our motives control the activation of our thoughts and shape our actions

M. Zanna, S. Spencer, S. Fein, 2005 .

Maintaining One's Self-Image Vis-à-Vis Others: The Role of Self-Affirmation in the Social Evaluation of the Self

S. Spencer, S. Fein, Christine D. Lomore, 2001 .

The role of shared-values affirmation in enhancing the feelings of low self-esteem women about their relationships

J. G. Holmes, S. Spencer, Christine D. Lomore, 2007 .

Low Self-Esteem: The Uphill Struggle for Self-Integrity

S. Spencer, C. Steele, R. Josephs, 1993 .

Unleashing Latent Ability: Implications of Stereotype Threat for College Admissions

G. Walton, S. Spencer, Christine Logel, 2012 .

The perils of double consciousness: The role of thought suppression in stereotype threat.

Christine Logel, S. Spencer, D. Quinn, 2009 .

Secure and defensive high self-esteem.

Christian H. Jordan, M. Zanna, S. Spencer, 2003, Journal of personality and social psychology.

Responsive Low Self-Esteem: Low Explicit Self-Esteem, Implicit Self-Esteem, and Reactions to Performance Outcomes

Christian H. Jordan, J. G. Holmes, J. V. Wood, 2013 .

Going Shopping and Identifying Landmarks: Does Collaboration Improve Older People's Memory?

Michael Ross, S. Spencer, M. Ross, 2004 .

Affirmative Meritocracy

S. Spencer, 2013 .

Types of High Self-Esteem and Prejudice: How Implicit Self-Esteem Relates to Ethnic Discrimination Among High Explicit Self-Esteem Individuals

Christian H. Jordan, M. Zanna, S. Spencer, 2005, Personality & social psychology bulletin.

Bulletin Personality and Social Psychology among High Explicit Self-esteem Individuals Types of High Self-esteem and Prejudice: How Implicit Self-esteem Relates to Ethnic Discrimination on Behalf Of: Society for Personality and Social Psychology

Christian H. Jordan, M. Zanna, S. Spencer, 2022 .

Academically and Professionally Consuming Images: How Television Commercials that Elicit Stereotype Threat Can Restrain Women

S. Spencer, D. Quinn, Paul G. Davies, 2010 .

The implicit self

Laurie A. Rudman, S. Spencer, L. Rudman, 2007 .

Stereotypes and Prejudice

S. Spencer, Connie T. Wolfe, Steven J. Spencer, 1996 .

Running Head : DEVELOPING MEASURES OF IMPLICIT NORMS How social representations become automatic : The measurement and impact of implicit norms

M. Zanna, S. Spencer, Jennifer M. Peach, 2009 .

The Gender-Gap Artifact: Women's Underperformance in Quantitative Domains Through the Lens of Stereotype Threat.

S. Spencer, Paul G. Davies, P. G. Davies, 2005 .

The many faces of stereotype threat: Group- and self-threat

James S. Jackson, J. Jackson, S. Spencer, 2008 .

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Victoria's Dirty Secret: How Sociocultural Norms Influence Adolescent Girls and Women on Behalf Of: Society for Personality and Social Psychology

M. Zanna, S. Spencer, E. Strahan, 2022 .

Motivated Social Perception : The Ontario Symposium, Volume 9

Mark P. Zanna, James M. Olson, M. Zanna, 2003 .

Don't take another bite: how sociocultural norms for appearance affect women's eating behavior.

M. Zanna, S. Spencer, E. Strahan, 2007, Body image.

Loving Those Who Justify Inequality

Aaron C. Kay, S. Spencer, Aaron C Kay, 2008, Psychological science.

Consuming Images: How Television Commercials that Elicit Stereotype Threat Can Restrain Women Academically and Professionally

S. Spencer, R. Gerhardstein, Diane M. Quinn, 2002 .

Affirmative Meritocracy 1 RUNNING HEAD : Affirmative Meritocracy Affirmative Meritocracy

G. Walton, S. Spencer, Sam Erman, 2012 .

Inequality, Discrimination, and the Power of the Status Quo: Direct Evidence for a Motivation to See the Way Things Are as the Way They Should Be

Aaron C. Kay, M. Zanna, S. Spencer, 2022 .

Threatening Gender and RaceDifferent Manifestations of Stereotype Threat

S. Spencer, Christine Logel, Jennifer M. Peach, 2011 .

Among High Explicit Self-Esteem Individuals Types of High Self-Esteem and Prejudice : How Implicit Self-Esteem Relates to Ethnic Discrimination

Christian H. Jordan, M. Zanna, S. Spencer, 2005 .

The effect of stereotype vulnerability on women's math performance.

S. Spencer, 1993 .

Has Congress Learned Its Lesson? A Plain Meaning Analysis of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995

S. Spencer, 2012 .

Inequality, discrimination, and the power of the status quo: Direct evidence for a motivation to see the way things are as the way they should be.

M. Zanna, S. Spencer, Danielle Gaucher, 2009, Journal of personality and social psychology.

Collaboration reduces the frequency of false memories in older and younger adults.

S. Spencer, M. Ross, C. W. Blatz, 2008, Psychology and aging.

Subliminal Priming and Persuasion: How Motivation Affects the Activation of Goals and the Persuasiveness of Messages.

M. Zanna, S. Spencer, E. Strahan, 2005 .

Nagging doubts and a glimmer of hope: The role of implicit self-esteem in self-image maintenance

Christian H. Jordan, J. V. Wood, M. Zanna, 2005 .

The relation between authoritarian leadership and belief in fake news

S. Spencer, G. Orosz, J. Ospina, 2023, Scientific reports.