R. Krug

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Influenza viral mRNA contains internal N6-methyladenosine and 5'-terminal 7-methylguanosine in cap structures

R. Krug, M. Morgan, A. Shatkin, 1976, Journal of virology.

Structures of influenza A proteins and insights into antiviral drug targets

James M Aramini, Eddy Arnold, Li-Chung Ma, 2010, Nature Structural &Molecular Biology.

Cellular mRNA translation is blocked at both initiation and elongation after infection by influenza virus or adenovirus

M. Katze, R. Krug, D. Decorato, 1986, Journal of virology.

Cellular antiviral responses against influenza A virus are countered at the posttranscriptional level by the viral NS1A protein via its binding to a cellular protein required for the 3' end processing of cellular pre-mRNAS.

R. Krug, D. Noah, K. Y. Twu, 2003, Virology.

Influenza A virus NS1 protein targetspoly(A)‐binding protein II of the cellular 3′‐end processing machinery

R. Krug, Zhongying Chen, Yongzhong Li, 1999, The EMBO journal.

Binding of the influenza A virus NS1 protein to PKR mediates the inhibition of its activation by either PACT or double-stranded RNA.

R. Krug, G. Sen, J. Min, 2006, Virology.

The influenza virus NS1 protein is a poly(A)-binding protein that inhibits nuclear export of mRNAs containing poly(A)

R. Krug, Y. Qiu, R M Krug, 1994, Journal of virology.

The Influenza Viruses

R. Krug, Robert M. Krug, 2011, The Viruses.

Modeling mitigation of influenza epidemics by baloxavir

L. Meyers, R. Krug, A. Galvani, 2020, Nature Communications.

Efficient transcription, not translation, is dependent on adenovirus tripartite leader sequences at late times of infection

M. Katze, R. Krug, F. Alonso-Caplen, 1988, Journal of virology.

Crucial role of CA cleavage sites in the cap‐snatching mechanism for initiating viral mRNA synthesis

R. Krug, Weiming Yuan, P. Rao, 2003, The EMBO journal.

Studies on the helical nucleocapsid of influenza virus.

R. Krug, I. Ulmanen, P. R. Smith, 1982, Virology.

Influenza Virus Temperature-Sensitive Cap (m7GpppNm)-Dependent Endonuclease

R. Krug, I. Ulmanen, B. Broni, 1983, Journal of virology.

Sequence in the Influenza A Virus Nucleoprotein Required for Viral Polymerase Binding and RNA Synthesis

R. Krug, Jinhui Dong, Y. Tao, 2012, Journal of Virology.

The CPSF30 Binding Site on the NS1A Protein of Influenza A Virus Is a Potential Antiviral Target

Rei-Lin Kuo, R. Krug, R. Kuo, 2006, Journal of Virology.

Battle between influenza A virus and a newly identified antiviral activity of the PARP-containing ZAPL protein

R. Krug, Chien-Hung Liu, Ligang Zhou, 2015, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

LGP2 Downregulates Interferon Production during Infection with Seasonal Human Influenza A Viruses That Activate Interferon Regulatory Factor 3

R. Krug, M. Gale, M. Malur, 2012, Journal of Virology.

Influenza A Virus Polymerase Is an Integral Component of the CPSF30-NS1A Protein Complex in Infected Cells

R. Krug, R. Kuo, 2008, Journal of Virology.

Structural basis for suppression of a host antiviral response by influenza A virus

G. Montelione, R. Krug, E. Arnold, 2008, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

The influenza virus NS1 protein forms multimers in vitro and in vivo.

R. Krug, X. Qian, M. Nemeroff, 1995, Virology.

The 3'-end-processing factor CPSF is required for the splicing of single-intron pre-mRNAs in vivo.

R. Krug, C. Baker, Y. Li, 2001, RNA.

Expression and Replication of the Influenza Virus Genome

M. Katze, R. Krug, I. Julkunen, 1989 .

Inhibition of influenza viral mRNA synthesis in cells expressing the interferon-induced Mx gene product

R. Krug, M. Shaw, O. Haller, 1985, Journal of virology.

Interferon-induced Mx proteins form oligomers and contain a putative leucine zipper.

R. Krug, C. von Bonsdorff, K. Melén, 1992, The Journal of biological chemistry.

In vitro splicing of influenza viral NS1 mRNA and NS1-beta-globin chimeras: possible mechanisms for the control of viral mRNA splicing.

R. Krug, S. Plotch, 1986, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

Parental influenza virion nucleocapsids are efficiently transported into the nuclei of murine cells expressing the nuclear interferon-induced Mx protein

R. Krug, M. Berry, J. Condra, 1990, Journal of virology.

The UbcH8 ubiquitin E2 enzyme is also the E2 enzyme for ISG15, an IFN-α/β-induced ubiquitin-like protein

R. Krug, B. Schulman, J. Huibregtse, 2004 .

Hepatitis C Virus Drugs Simeprevir and Grazoprevir Synergize with Remdesivir to Suppress SARS-CoV-2 Replication in Cell Culture

G. Montelione, R. Krug, T. Acton, 2020 .

The Virulence of 1997 H5N1 Inﬂuenza Viruses in the Mouse Model Is Increased by Correcting a Defect in Their NS1 Proteins (cid:1)

C. Davis, R. Krug, R. Donis, 2011 .

Transcription antitermination during influenza viral template RNA synthesis requires the nucleocapsid protein and the absence of a 5' capped end.

R. Krug, A. Beaton, Ann R. Beaton, 1986, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

Influenza virus RNA replication in vitro: synthesis of viral template RNAs and virion RNAs in the absence of an added primer

R. Krug, G. Shapiro, 1988, Journal of virology.

Influenza B virus non-structural protein 1 counteracts ISG15 antiviral activity by sequestering ISGylated viral proteins

R. Krug, D. Baker, Shanshan Wang, 2016, Nature Communications.

The UbcH8 ubiquitin E2 enzyme is also the E2 enzyme for ISG15, an IFN-alpha/beta-induced ubiquitin-like protein.

R. Krug, B. Schulman, J. Huibregtse, 2004, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

Metabolism and expression of RNA polymerase II transcripts in influenza virus-infected cells

M. Katze, R. Krug, R. M. Krug, 1984, Molecular and cellular biology.

Influenza Virus-Infected Cells

M. Katze, R. Krug, 2022 .

Viral proteins that bind double-stranded RNA: countermeasures against host antiviral responses.

R. Krug, 2014, Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research.

Retinoic acid inducible gene-I and mda-5 are involved in influenza A virus-induced expression of antiviral cytokines.

P. Fisher, R. Krug, J. Hiscott, 2006, Microbes and infection.

Transfer of 5'-terminal cap of globin mRNA to influenza viral complementary RNA during transcription in vitro.

R. Krug, S. Plotch, M. Bouloy, 1979, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

Structure of the iSH2 domain of human phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p85β subunit reveals conformational plasticity in the interhelical turn region.

G. Montelione, R. Krug, R. Guan, 2010, Acta crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology and crystallization communications.

Nuclear and Nucleolar Targeting of Inﬂuenza A Virus NS1 Protein: Striking Differences between Different Virus Subtypes (cid:1)

L. Kinnunen, R. Krug, K. Melén, 2007 .

The incorporation of adenylic and cytidylic acids into ribonucleic acid.

R. Krug, J. Hurwitz, M. Alexander, 1961, The Journal of biological chemistry.

U 6 atac snRNA , the highly divergent counterpart of U 6 snRNA , is the specific target that mediates inhibition of ATAC splicing by the influenza virus NS 1 protein

R. Krug, Weirong Wang, 1998 .

RNA primers and the role of host nuclear RNA polymerase II in influenza viral RNA transcription.

R. Krug, S. Plotch, M. Bouloy, 1980, Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences.

G. Montelione, R. Krug, Khushboo Bafna, 2022, Frontiers in Chemistry.

Temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza WSN virus defective in virus-specific RNA synthesis

R. Krug, P. Palese, M. Ueda, 1975, Journal of virology.

The choice of alternative 5' splice sites in influenza virus M1 mRNA is regulated by the viral polymerase complex.

R. Krug, S. Shih, M. Nemeroff, 1995, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

Selected host cell capped RNA fragments prime influenza viral RNA transcription in vivo.

R. Krug, A. Beaton, Ann R. Beaton, 1981, Nucleic acids research.

The H5N1 Inﬂuenza Virus NS Genes Selected after 1998 Enhance Virus Replication in Mammalian Cells (cid:1)

R. Krug, R. Kuo, K. Y. Twu, 2007 .

Influenza Viral RNA Transcription and Replication

R. Krug, 2018 .

Influenza viral RNPs newly synthesized during the latent period of viral growth in MDCK cells.

R. Krug, 1971, Virology.

Synthesis and evaluation of quinoxaline derivatives as potential influenza NS1A protein inhibitors.

G. Montelione, R. Krug, A. Ellington, 2011, Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters.

Expression of a functional influenza viral cap-recognizing protein by using a bovine papilloma virus vector.

R. Krug, J. Braam-Markson, C. Jaudon, 1985, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

Efficient translation of mRNAs in influenza A virus-infected cells is independent of the viral 5' untranslated region.

G. Montelione, R. Krug, D. Noah, 2001, Virology.

Herc 5 , an Interferon-induced HECT E 3 Enzyme , Is Required for Conjugation of ISG 15 in Human Cells *

R. Krug, A. Dastur, J. Huibregtse, 2006 .

Priming and inhibitory activities of RNAs for the influenza viral transcriptase do not require base pairing with the virion template RNA.

R. Krug, M. Morgan, A. Shatkin, 1980, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

Synthesis of the templates for influenza virion RNA replication in vitro.

R. Krug, A. Beaton, 1984, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

A block in mammalian splicing occurring after formation of large complexes containing U1, U2, U4, U5, and U6 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins

R. Krug, C. Agris, M. Nemeroff, 1989, Molecular and cellular biology.

A Second RNA-Binding Site in the NS1 Protein of Influenza B Virus.

G. Montelione, R. Krug, K. Hamilton, 2016, Structure.

Dimer Interface of the Effector Domain of Non-structural Protein 1 from Influenza A Virus

Gaetano T. Montelione, Li-Chung Ma, Rong Xiao, 2011, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

Backbone and Ile-δ1, Leu, Val Methyl 1H, 13C and 15N NMR chemical shift assignments for human interferon-stimulated gene 15 protein

G. Montelione, R. Krug, J. Cort, 2011, Biomolecular NMR assignments.

A novel RNA-binding motif in influenza A virus non-structural protein 1

G. Montelione, R. Krug, C. Ríos, 1997, Nature Structural Biology.

The mechanism by which influenza A virus nucleoprotein forms oligomers and binds RNA

R. Krug, Y. Tao, Q. Ye, 2006, Nature.

Interferon-Induced ISG15 Conjugation Inhibits Influenza A Virus Gene Expression and Replication in Human Cells

R. Krug, Robert M. Krug, Chen Zhao, 2009, Journal of Virology.

Biophysical characterization of the complex between double-stranded RNA and the N-terminal domain of the NS1 protein from influenza A virus: evidence for a novel RNA-binding mode.

James M Aramini, Gaetano T Montelione, Rong Xiao, 2004, Biochemistry.

Influenza virion transcriptase: synthesis in vitro of large, polyadenylic acid-containing complementary RNA

R. Krug, S. Plotch, 1977, Journal of virology.

Chemical synthesis of 5'-pyrophosphate and triphosphate derivatives of 3'-5' ApA, ApG, GpA and GpG. CD study of the effect of 5'-phosphate groups on the conformation of 3'-5' GpG.

R. Krug, A. Shatkin, M. Kajtár, 1978, Nucleic acids research.

The primary function of RNA binding by the influenza A virus NS1 protein in infected cells: Inhibiting the 2'-5' oligo (A) synthetase/RNase L pathway.

R. Krug, J. Min, Ji-Young Min, 2006, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

Transcription and Replication of Influenza Viruses

R. Krug, 1983 .

Priming of influenza viral RNA transcription by capped heterologous RNAs.

R. Krug, 1981, Current topics in microbiology and immunology.

Are the 5′ ends of influenza viral mrnas synthesized in vivo donated by host mRNAs?

R. Krug, M. Bouloy, B. Broni, 1979, Cell.

Nuclear Accumulation of Influenza Viral RNA Transcripts and the Effects of Cycloheximide, Actinomycin D, and α-Amanitin

J. Taylor, R. Krug, G. Mark, 1979, Journal of virology.

THE BINDING OF S-RNA BY ESCHERICHIA COLI RIBOSOMES.

W. Gilbert, R. Krug, M. Cannon, 1963, Journal of molecular biology.

ENZYMIC SYNTHESIS OF RNA WITH REOVIRUS RNA AS TEMPLATE. I. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE REACTION CATALYZED BY THE RNA POLYMERASE FROM ESCHERICHIA COLI.

R. Krug, I. Tamm, P. Gomatos, 1964, Journal of molecular biology.

Influenza virus gene expression: control mechanisms at early and late times of infection and nuclear-cytoplasmic transport of virus-specific RNAs

R. Krug, G. Shapiro, T. Gurney, 1987, Journal of virology.

Influenza virus, an RNA virus, synthesizes its messenger RNA in the nucleus of infected cells

R. Krug, E. Stavnezer, T. Gurney, 1981, Cell.

The 5′ ends of influenza viral messenger RNAs are donated by capped cellular RNAs

R. Krug, S. Plotch, M. Bouloy, 1981 .

THE INITIATION OF INFLUENZA VIRAL RNA TRANSCRIPTION BY CAPPED RNA PRIMERS

R. Krug, S. Plotch, A. Beaton, 1981 .

CAPPED EUKARYOTIC MESSENGER RNAs ARE PRIMERS FOR INFLUENZA VIRAL RNA TRANSCRIPTION1

R. Krug, S. Plotch, M. Bouloy, 1980 .

Use of specific radioactive probes to study transcription and replication of the influenza virus genome

J. Taylor, R. Krug, S. Litwin, 1977, Journal of virology.

A unique cap(m7GpppXm)-dependent influenza virion endonuclease cleaves capped RNAs to generate the primers that initiate viral RNA transcription

R. Krug, I. Ulmanen, S. Plotch, 1981, Cell.

Cytoplasmic and nucleoplasmic viral RNPs in influenza virus-infected MDCK cells.

R. Krug, 1972, Virology.

The active sites of the influenza cap‐dependent endonuclease are on different polymerase subunits

R. Krug, Mei-Ling Li, P. Rao, 2001, The EMBO journal.

The three influenza virus polymerase (P) proteins not associated with viral nucleocapsids in the infected cell are in the form of a complex

M. Katze, R. Krug, B. Detjen, 1987, Journal of virology.

Role of two of the influenza virus core P proteins in recognizing cap 1 structures (m7GpppNm) on RNAs and in initiating viral RNA transcription.

R. Krug, I. Ulmanen, I Ulmanen, 1981, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

Globin mRNAs are primers for the transcription of influenza viral RNA in vitro.

R. Krug, S. Plotch, M. Bouloy, 1978, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

Molecular model of a eucaryotic transcription complex: Functions and movements of influenza P proteins during capped RNA-primed transcription

Janet Braam, R. Krug, I. Ulmanen, 1983, Cell.

Purification of influenza viral complementary RNA: its genetic content and activity in wheat germ cell-free extracts

R. Krug, P. Etkind, 1975, Journal of virology.

Studies on the intranuclear localization of influenza virus-specific proteins.

R. Krug, R. Soeiro, 1975, Virology.

Cytoplasmic and nuclear virus-specific proteins in influenza virus-infected MDCK cells.

R. Krug, P. Etkind, R. M. Krug, 1973, Virology.

Segments of Influenza Virus Complementary RNA Synthesized In Vitro

R. Krug, Stephen J. Plotch, 1978, Journal of virology.

Absence of Detectable Capping and Methylating Enzymes in Influenza Virions

R. Krug, S. Plotch, J. Tomasz, 1978, Journal of virology.

Influenza B virus NS1 protein inhibits conjugation of the interferon (IFN)‐induced ubiquitin‐like ISG15 protein

R. Krug, Weiming Yuan, 2001, The EMBO journal.

Absence of Adenine-Rich Ribonucleic Acid from Purified Infectious Reovirus 3

R. Krug, P. Gomatos, 1969, Journal of virology.

(19)F NMR reveals multiple conformations at the dimer interface of the nonstructural protein 1 effector domain from influenza A virus.

G. Montelione, R. Krug, J. Ladbury, 2014, Structure.

Identification of the RNA region transferred from a representative primer, beta-globin mRNA, to influenza mRNA during in vitro transcription.

R. Krug, S. Plotch, H. Robertson, 1980, Nucleic acids research.

Two of the three influenza viral polymerase proteins expressed by using baculovirus vectors form a complex in insect cells

R. Krug, M. Summers, G. Smith, 1987, Journal of virology.

Exploring naphthyl-carbohydrazides as inhibitors of influenza A viruses.

R. Krug, E. Anslyn, J. Robertus, 2014, European journal of medicinal chemistry.

New Ways of Initiating Translation in Eukaryotes?

M. Hentze, R. Jackson, O. Elroy-Stein, 2001, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

Reciprocal inhibition between intracellular antiviral signaling and the RNAi machinery in mammalian cells.

R. Krug, Rodney P Kincaid, G. Seo, 2013, Cell host & microbe.

Properties of the ISG15 E1 enzyme UbE1L.

R. Krug, S. Beaudenon, Chen Zhao, 2005, Methods in enzymology.

Intracellular warfare between human influenza viruses and human cells: the roles of the viral NS1 protein.

R. Krug, Weiming Yuan, D. Noah, 2003, Virology.

Novel exploitation of a nuclear function by influenza virus: the cellular SF2/ASF splicing factor controls the amount of the essential viral M2 ion channel protein in infected cells.

R. Krug, S. Shih, 1996, The EMBO journal.

Influenza NS1 directly modulates Hedgehog signaling during infection

R. Krug, S. Ganesan, E. Bier, 2017, PLoS pathogens.

Avian Influenza Virus PB1 Gene in H3N2 Viruses Evolved in Humans To Reduce Interferon Inhibition by Skewing Codon Usage toward Interferon-Altered tRNA Pools

C. Wilke, R. Krug, B. Smith, 2018, mBio.

RNA‐dependent activation of primer RNA production by influenza virus polymerase: different regions of the same protein subunit constitute the two required RNA‐binding sites

R. Krug, Mei-Ling Li, B. Ramirez, 1998, The EMBO journal.

Induction of Apoptosis by Influenza Virus

R. Krug, S. Schultz-Cherry, V. Hinshaw, 1998 .

Influenza virus NS1 protein interacts with the cellular 30 kDa subunit of CPSF and inhibits 3'end formation of cellular pre-mRNAs.

R. Krug, W. Keller, Y. Li, 1998, Molecular cell.

Binding of the influenza virus NS1 protein to double-stranded RNA inhibits the activation of the protein kinase that phosphorylates the elF-2 translation initiation factor.

M. Katze, R. Krug, M G Katze, 1995, Virology.

The influenza virus NS1 protein binds to a specific region in human U6 snRNA and inhibits U6-U2 and U6-U4 snRNA interactions during splicing.

R. Krug, Y. Qiu, R M Krug, 1995, RNA.

The influenza virus NS1 protein: a novel inhibitor of pre-mRNA splicing.

R. Krug, X Y Qian, Y Lu, 1994, Genes & development.

Identification of cis-acting intron and exon regions in influenza virus NS1 mRNA that inhibit splicing and cause the formation of aberrantly sedimenting presplicing complexes

R. Krug, A. Krämer, U. Utans, 1992, Molecular and cellular biology.

Crystal structure of the unique RNA-binding domain of the influenza virus NS1 protein

Helen M. Berman, Gaetano T. Montelione, G. Montelione, 1997, Nature Structural Biology.

Cellular DDX21 RNA helicase inhibits influenza A virus replication but is counteracted by the viral NS1 protein.

Chien-Hung Liu, R. Krug, Ligang Zhou, 2014, Cell host & microbe.

Influenza virus regulates protein synthesis during infection by repressing autophosphorylation and activity of the cellular 68,000-Mr protein kinase

M. Katze, R. Krug, B. Safer, 1988, Journal of virology.

U6atac snRNA, the highly divergent counterpart of U6 snRNA, is the specific target that mediates inhibition of AT-AC splicing by the influenza virus NS1 protein.

R. Krug, Weirong Wang, R M Krug, 1998, RNA.

Regulation of the extent of splicing of influenza virus NS1 mRNA: role of the rates of splicing and of the nucleocytoplasmic transport of NS1 mRNA

R. Krug, F. Alonso-Caplen, 1991, Molecular and cellular biology.

Conserved Surface Features Form the Double-stranded RNA Binding Site of Non-structural Protein 1 (NS1) from Influenza A and B Viruses*

Liang Tong, Gaetano T. Montelione, G. Montelione, 2007, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

The regulation of export of mRNA from nucleus to cytoplasm.

R. Krug, 1993, Current opinion in cell biology.

ISG15 conjugation system targets the viral NS1 protein in influenza A virus–infected cells

Rei-Lin Kuo, R. Krug, R. Kuo, 2010, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Herc5, an Interferon-induced HECT E3 Enzyme, Is Required for Conjugation of ISG15 in Human Cells*

R. Krug, A. Dastur, J. Huibregtse, 2006, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

A site on the influenza A virus NS1 protein mediates both inhibition of PKR activation and temporal regulation of viral RNA synthesis.

R. Krug, G. Sen, J. Min, 2007, Virology.

Regulation of a nuclear export signal by an adjacent inhibitory sequence: the effector domain of the influenza virus NS1 protein.

R. Krug, Y. Li, Y. Yamakita, 1998, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

Functions of the influenza A virus NS1 protein in antiviral defense.

R. Krug, Robert M Krug, 2015, Current opinion in virology.

Roles of the Phosphorylation of Specific Serines and Threonines in the NS1 Protein of Human Influenza A Viruses

R. Krug, Robert M. Krug, Tien-Ying Hsiang, 2012, Journal of Virology.

Nuclear and Nucleolar Targeting of Influenza A Virus NS1 Protein: Striking Differences between Different Virus Subtypes

Ilkka Julkunen, L. Kinnunen, R. Krug, 2007, Journal of Virology.

Structural basis for the sequence-specific recognition of human ISG15 by the NS1 protein of influenza B virus

Gaetano T. Montelione, Li-Chung Ma, Rongjin Guan, 2011, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

The ESEV PDZ-Binding Motif of the Avian Influenza A Virus NS1 Protein Protects Infected Cells from Apoptosis by Directly Targeting Scribble

Andrew P. Rice, R. Krug, A. Rice, 2010, Journal of Virology.

Biochemical and Structural Evidence in Support of a Coherent Model for the Formation of the Double-Helical Influenza A Virus Ribonucleoprotein

R. Krug, B. Smith, R. Kuo, 2012, mBio.

The NS1 protein: A master regulator of host and viral functions

R. Krug, A. García-Sastre, 2013 .

Influenza A virus strains that circulate in humans differ in the ability of their NS1 proteins to block the activation of IRF3 and interferon-β transcription.

R. Krug, R. Kuo, Chen Zhao, 2010, Virology.

Transcription and replication of influenza virion RNA in the nucleus of infected cells.

R. Krug, B. Broni, G. Shapiro, 1987, Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology.

Human ISG15 conjugation targets both IFN-induced and constitutively expressed proteins functioning in diverse cellular pathways.

Steven Gygi, S. Gygi, R. Krug, 2005, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

RNA binding by the novel helical domain of the influenza virus NS1 protein requires its dimer structure and a small number of specific basic amino acids.

G. Montelione, R. Krug, Weirong Wang, 1999, RNA.

The H5N1 Influenza Virus NS Genes Selected after 1998 Enhance Virus Replication in Mammalian Cells

R. Krug, R. Kuo, K. Y. Twu, 2007, Journal of Virology.

Influenza Viral RNA Transcription

M. Katze, R. Krug, J. Braam, 1985 .

Nuclear-cytoplasmic transport and VAI RNA-independent translation of influenza viral messenger RNAs in late adenovirus-infected cells

Michael G. Katze, Yao-Tseng Chen, M. Katze, 1984, Cell.

A double-stranded RNA platform is required for the interaction between a host restriction factor and the NS1 protein of influenza A virus

G. Montelione, R. Krug, Shanshan Wang, 2019, Nucleic acids research.

Role of N Terminus-Truncated NS1 Proteins of Influenza A Virus in Inhibiting IRF3 Activation

Guang-Wu Chen, Yu-Nong Gong, Sue-Jane Lin, 2016, Journal of Virology.

Emerging antiviral targets for influenza A virus.

James M Aramini, R. Krug, J. Aramini, 2009, Trends in pharmacological sciences.

Influenza virus virulence and its molecular determinants.

R. Krug, D. Noah, 2005, Advances in virus research.

The potential use of influenza virus as an agent for bioterrorism.

R. Krug, 2003, Antiviral research.

Structural basis for ubiquitin-like ISG 15 protein binding to the NS1 protein of influenza B virus: a protein-protein interaction function that is not shared by the corresponding N-terminal domain of the NS1 protein of influenza A virus.

G. Montelione, R. Krug, J. Aramini, 2002, Virology.

Human influenza viruses activate an interferon-independent transcription of cellular antiviral genes: Outcome with influenza A virus is unique

R. Krug, Mee-jung Kim, A. G. Latham, 2002, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

Selective nuclear export of viral mRNAs in influenza-virus-infected cells.

R. Krug, Zhongying Chen, R M Krug, 2000, Trends in microbiology.

Two functional domains of the influenza virus NS1 protein are required for regulation of nuclear export of mRNA

R. Krug, X Y Qian, R M Krug, 1994, Journal of virology.

Nucleocytoplasmic transport: the influenza virus NS1 protein regulates the transport of spliced NS2 mRNA and its precursor NS1 mRNA.

R. Krug, Y. Qiu, R M Krug, 1992, Genes & development.

Translational control by influenza virus: suppression of the kinase that phosphorylates the alpha subunit of initiation factor eIF-2 and selective translation of influenza viral mRNAs

M. Katze, R. Krug, B. Safer, 1986, Molecular and cellular biology.

Species Specificity of the NS1 Protein of Influenza B Virus

R. Krug, Chen Zhao, Haripriya Sridharan, 2010, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

Reovirus RNA-directed synthesis of DNA

R. Krug, I. Tamm, P. Gomatos, 1965 .

Surprising function of the three influenza viral polymerase proteins: selective protection of viral mRNAs against the cap-snatching reaction catalyzed by the same polymerase proteins.

R. Krug, S. Shih, 1996, Virology.

The RNA-binding and effector domains of the viral NS1 protein are conserved to different extents among influenza A and B viruses.

R. Krug, Weirong Wang, W. Wang, 1996, Virology.

Both the 7-methyl and the 2'-O-methyl groups in the cap of mRNA strongly influence its ability to act as primer for influenza virus RNA transcription.

R. Krug, S. Plotch, M. Bouloy, 1980, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

INFLUENZA VIRAL RNA TRANSCRIPTS SYNTHESIZED IN VIVO AND IN VITRO

R. Krug, S. Plotch, P. Etkind, 1976 .

Nuclear TRIM25 Specifically Targets Influenza Virus Ribonucleoproteins to Block the Onset of RNA Chain Elongation.

R. Krug, S. Sawyer, Y. Tao, 2017, Cell host & microbe.

The role of RNA priming in viral and trypanosomal mRNA synthesis

R. Krug, 1985, Cell.

The virus genome and its replication

R. Krug, E. Fodor, 2013 .

vectors form a complex in insect cells. proteins expressed by using baculovirus Two of the three influenza viral polymerase

R. Krug, M. Summers, G. Smith, 2013 .

Interaction of the Influenza A Virus Nucleocapsid Protein with the Viral RNA Polymerase Potentiates Unprimed Viral RNA Replication

R. Krug, R. Kuo, Y. Tao, 2008, Journal of Virology.

MOLECULAR TOPOGRAPHY OF THE INFLUENZA VIRUS P PROTEIN COMPLEX DURING CAPPED RNA-PRIMED MESSENGER RNA SYNTHESIS

R. Krug, I. Ulmanen, J. Braam, 1984 .

Cap and Internal Nucleotides of Reovirus mRNA Primers Are Incorporated into Influenza Viral Complementary RNA During Transcription In Vitro

R. Krug, M. Morgan, A. Shatkin, 1979, Journal of virology.

Interferon-induced ISG15 pathway: an ongoing virus–host battle

R. Krug, Tien-Ying Hsiang, Chen Zhao, 2013, Trends in Microbiology.

Identification of Influenza Virus Inhibitors Targeting NS1A Utilizing Fluorescence Polarization–Based High-Throughput Assay

G. Montelione, R. Krug, A. Ellington, 2012, Journal of biomolecular screening.

Faculty Opinions recommendation of Crystal structure of the interferon-induced ubiquitin-like protein ISG15.

R. Krug, 2005 .

Enzymic synthesis of RNA with reovirus RNA as template. II. Nearest neighbor analysis of the products of the reaction catalyzed by the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase.

R. Krug, I. Tamm, P. Gomatos, 1965, Journal of molecular biology.

An amino-terminal polypeptide fragment of the influenza virus NS1 protein possesses specific RNA-binding activity and largely helical backbone structure.

G T Montelione, G. Montelione, R. Krug, 1995, RNA.

G. Montelione, R. Krug, Khushboo Bafna, 2020, ChemRxiv : the preprint server for chemistry.

Modeling mitigation of influenza epidemics by baloxavir

L. Meyers, R. Krug, A. Galvani, 2020, Nature Communications.

The public health impact of Paxlovid COVID-19 treatment in the United States

Petter Holme, L. Meyers, B. Cowling, 2023, medRxiv.

New approach for inhibiting Rev function and HIV-1 production using the influenza virus NS1 protein.

R. Krug, J. Zhang, A. Rabson, 1996, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

Hepatitis C virus drugs that inhibit SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease synergize with remdesivir to suppress viral replication in cell culture

G. Montelione, R. Krug, T. Acton, 2021, Cell Reports.

Translational control in influenza virus-infected cells.

M. Katze, R. Krug, 1985, Enzyme.

The segments of influenza viral mRNA

R. Krug, D. Buchhagen, B. Broni, 1977, Journal of virology.

The Virulence of 1997 H5N1 Influenza Viruses in the Mouse Model Is Increased by Correcting a Defect in Their NS1 Proteins

C. Davis, R. Krug, R. Donis, 2011, Journal of Virology.

Chimeras containing influenza NS1 and HIV-1 Rev protein sequences: mechanism of their inhibition of nuclear export of Rev protein-RNA complexes.

R. Krug, Y. Li, Z. Chen, 1998, Virology.

Hepatitis C Virus Drugs Simeprevir And Grazoprevir Synergize with Remdesivir to Suppress SARS-CoV2 Replication

G. Montelione, R. Krug, T. Acton, 2020, SSRN Electronic Journal.

Influenza: An RNA-synthesizing machine

R. Krug, 2014, Nature.

Exploring naphthyl-carbohydrazides as inhibitors of influenza A viruses.

R. Krug, E. Anslyn, J. Robertus, 2014, European journal of medicinal chemistry.

Interferon-Induced ISG15 Conjugation Inhibits Influenza A Virus Gene Expression and Replication in Human Cells

R. Krug, Tien-Ying Hsiang, Chen Zhao, 2009, Journal of Virology.