C. Biot

发表

5-substituted tetrazoles as bioisosteres of carboxylic acids. Bioisosterism and mechanistic studies on glutathione reductase inhibitors as antimalarials.

C. Biot, H. Bauer, R. Schirmer, 2004, Journal of medicinal chemistry.

Chemical glycomics enrichment: imaging the recycling of sialic acid in living cells

C. Biot, P. Gilormini, Dorothée Vicogne, 2018, Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease.

Sequence-structure signals of 3D domain swapping in proteins.

M. Rooman, C. Biot, J. Kwasigroch, 2003, Journal of molecular biology.

Assessing ER and Golgi N-glycosylation process using metabolic labeling in mammalian cultured cells.

C. Biot, G. Matthijs, A. Mir, 2013, Methods in cell biology.

Integrating glycomics and genomics uncovers SLC10A7 as essential factor for bone mineralization by regulating post-Golgi protein transport and glycosylation

R. Pfundt, C. Biot, R. Rodenburg, 2018, Human molecular genetics.

To View Your Biomolecule, Click inside the Cell

C. Biot, C. Lion, Vincent Rigolot, 2021, Angewandte Chemie.

To view your biomolecule, click inside the cell.

C. Biot, C. Lion, Vincent Rigolot, 2021, Angewandte Chemie.

Design and synthesis of hydroxyferroquine derivatives with antimalarial and antiviral activities.

E. De Clercq, C. Biot, D. Dive, 2006, Journal of medicinal chemistry.

Design, synthesis, and antimalarial activity of structural chimeras of thiosemicarbazone and ferroquine analogues.

J. Gut, P. Rosenthal, K. Chibale, 2007, Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters.

MicroPlate Sialyltransferase Assay: A Rapid and Sensitive Assay Based on an Unnatural Sialic Acid Donor and Bioorthogonal Chemistry.

C. Biot, P. Gilormini, Y. Guérardel, 2018, Bioconjugate chemistry.

Probing the CMP‐Sialic Acid Donor Specificity of Two Human β‐d‐Galactoside Sialyltransferases (ST3Gal I and ST6Gal I) Selectively Acting on O‐ and N‐Glycosylproteins

C. Biot, P. Gilormini, Dorothée Vicogne, 2017, Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology.

1H‐1,2,3‐triazole‐tethered uracil‐ferrocene and uracil‐ferrocenylchalcone conjugates: Synthesis and antitubercular evaluation

Vipan Kumar, C. Biot, L. Kremer, 2017, Chemical Biology and Drug Design.

Base-Promoted Expedient Access to Spiroisatins: Synthesis and Antitubercular Evaluation of 1H‑1,2,3-Triazole-Tethered Spiroisatin− Ferrocene and Isatin−Ferrocene Conjugates

Vipan Kumar, C. Biot, L. Kremer, 2013 .

Azide-alkyne cycloaddition en route towards 1H-1,2,3-triazole-tethered β-lactam-ferrocene and β-lactam-ferrocenylchalcone conjugates: synthesis and in vitro anti-tubercular evaluation.

Vipan Kumar, C. Biot, L. Kremer, 2013, Dalton transactions.

A new piperidinol derivative targeting mycolic acid transport in Mycobacterium abscessus

C. Biot, L. Kremer, J. Lelièvre, 2016, Molecular microbiology.

OGT Controls the Expression and the Glycosylation of E‐cadherin, and Affects Glycosphingolipid Structures in Human Colon Cell Lines

C. Biot, T. Lefebvre, M. Mortuaire, 2019, Proteomics.

The Many Ways by Which O-GlcNAcylation May Orchestrate the Diversity of Complex Glycosylations

C. Biot, T. Lefebvre, A. Vercoutter-Edouart, 2018, Molecules.

Mapping the expressed glycome and glycosyltransferases of zebrafish liver cells as a relevant model system for glycosylation studies.

C. Biot, K. Khoo, C. Slomianny, 2012, Journal of proteome research.

C. Biot, P. Gilormini, M. Pratt, 2018, Chemical science.

The antimalarial ferroquine: from bench to clinic

C. Biot, D. Dive, L. Fraisse, 2011, Parasite.

Investigation of the redox behavior of ferroquine, a new antimalarial.

C. Biot, D. Dive, H. Vezin, 2008, Molecular pharmaceutics.

Ferroquine, an Ingenious Antimalarial Drug –Thoughts on the Mechanism of Action

C. Biot, D. Dive, J. Khalife, 2008, Molecules.

Insights into the mechanism of action of ferroquine. Relationship between physicochemical properties and antiplasmodial activity.

D. Taramelli, T. Egan, C. Biot, 2005, Molecular pharmaceutics.

Structure–activity relationships of 4-N-substituted ferroquine analogues: Time to re-evaluate the mechanism of action of ferroquine

C. Biot, D. Dive, B. Pradines, 2009 .

Opening up the advantages of the ruthenocenic bioprobes of ferroquine: distribution and localization in Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes.

C. Biot, C. Slomianny, J. Khalife, 2012, Metallomics : integrated biometal science.

Synthesis and in vitro antitubercular activity of ferrocene-based hydrazones.

K. Chibale, C. Biot, L. Kremer, 2011, Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters.

1H-1,2,3-Triazole-Tethered Isatin–Ferrocene and Isatin–Ferrocenylchalcone Conjugates: Synthesis and in Vitro Antitubercular Evaluation

Vipan Kumar, C. Biot, L. Kremer, 2013 .

The therapeutic potential of metal-based antimalarial agents: implications for the mechanism of action.

C. Biot, Cyrille Y. Botté, M. Navarro, 2012, Dalton transactions.

Ferrocene Conjugates of Chloroquine and other Antimalarials: the Development of Ferroquine, a New Antimalarial

C. Biot, D. Dive, 2007, ChemMedChem.

Statistical methodology for the detection of small changes in distances by EXAFS: application to the antimalarial ruthenoquine.

C. Biot, E. Curis, I. Nicolis, 2012, The journal of physical chemistry. A.

Evaluation of ferrocenyl-containing γ-hydroxy-γ-lactam-derived tetramates as potential antiplasmodials.

N. Chopin, C. Biot, E. Davioud‐Charvet, 2022, European journal of medicinal chemistry.

GORAB scaffolds COPI at the trans-Golgi for efficient enzyme recycling and correct protein glycosylation

M. Tassabehji, C. Biot, J. Thomas-Oates, 2019, Nature Communications.

One, Two, Three: A Bioorthogonal Triple Labelling Strategy for Studying the Dynamics of Plant Cell Wall Formation In Vivo.

C. Biot, C. Spriet, S. Hawkins, 2018, Angewandte Chemie.

4‐Aminoquinoline‐β‐Lactam Conjugates: Synthesis, Antimalarial, and Antitubercular Evaluation

Vipan Kumar, J. Gut, P. Rosenthal, 2014, Chemical biology & drug design.

Synthesis and antimalarial activity in vitro and in vivo of a new ferrocene-chloroquine analogue.

C. Biot, D. Dive, A. Georges, 1997, Journal of medicinal chemistry.

Metal-based antimalarial agents

C. Biot, M. Navarro, 2014 .

Ferrocene-based antimalarials.

C. Biot, C. Roux, 2012, Future medicinal chemistry.

New Cyrhetrenyl and Ferrocenyl Sulfonamides: Synthesis, Characterization, X-ray Crystallography, Theoretical Study and Anti- Mycobacterium tuberculosis Activity

A. H. Klahn, C. Biot, L. Kremer, 2017 .

Selective palladium-catalysed carbonylations of dichloroquinoline and simple dichloropyridines

C. Biot, A. Mortreux, Y. Castanet, 1999 .

EPR imaging of sinapyl alcohol and its application to the study of plant cell wall lignification.

C. Biot, H. Vezin, S. Hawkins, 2020, Chemical communications.

Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast drugs: targets or off-targets?

G. McFadden, C. Biot, E. Maréchal, 2012, Chemical reviews.

Exploring the Potential of β-Catenin O-GlcNAcylation by Using Fluorescence-Based Engineering and Imaging

C. Biot, C. Spriet, T. Lefebvre, 2020, Molecules.

BLISS: A Bioorthogonal Dual-Labeling Strategy to Unravel Lignification Dynamics in Plants.

C. Biot, C. Spriet, C. Slomianny, 2017, Cell chemical biology.

A piperidinol-containing molecule is active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis by inhibiting the mycolic acid flippase activity of MmpL3

C. Biot, L. Kremer, M. Blaise, 2019, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

Ferrocene Conjugates of Chloroquine and other Antimalarials: the Development of Ferroquine, a New Antimalarial

C. Biot, D. Dive, 2007, ChemMedChem.

Solvent-induced effects: self-association of positively charged pi systems.

T. Egan, C. Biot, E. Buisine, 2006, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

Probing the role of the covalent linkage of ferrocene into a chloroquine template.

C. Biot, D. Dive, B. Pradines, 2006, Journal of medicinal chemistry.

Easily synthesized antimalarial ferrocene triazacyclononane quinoline conjugates

C. Biot, I. Ricard, D. Dive, 2004 .

Synthesis of Ferroquine Enantiomers: First Investigation of Effects of Metallocenic Chirality upon Antimalarial Activity and Cytotoxicity

C. Biot, D. Dive, L. Delhaes, 2002, Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology.

In vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity of ferrochloroquine, a ferrocenyl analogue of chloroquine against chloroquine-resistant malaria parasites

C. Biot, D. Dive, L. Delhaes, 2001, Parasitology Research.

Ester prodrugs of ciprofloxacin as DNA-gyrase inhibitors: synthesis, antiparasitic evaluation and docking studies

C. Biot, D. Dive, R. Wintjens, 2011 .

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro anti-Trypanosoma cruzi and anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis evaluations of cyrhetrenyl and ferrocenyl thiosemicarbazones

A. H. Klahn, C. Biot, L. Kremer, 2014 .

Structural analysis of an unusual bioactive N-acylated lipo-oligosaccharide LOS-IV in Mycobacterium marinum.

C. Biot, L. Kremer, E. Buisine, 2010, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

Synthesis and antimalarial activities of rhenium bioorganometallics based on the 4-aminoquinoline structure.

A. H. Klahn, C. Biot, D. Dive, 2010, Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry.

A novel C-domain-dependent inhibition of the rainbow trout CMP-sialic acid synthetase activity by CMP-deaminoneuraminic acid

C. Biot, P. Gilormini, C. Sato, 2022, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications.

Improved workflow for the efficient preparation of ready to use CMP-activated sialic acids.

C. Biot, P. Gilormini, Y. Guérardel, 2016, Glycobiology.

A sequential bioorthogonal dual strategy: ManNAl and SiaNAl as distinct tools to unravel sialic acid metabolic pathways.

C. Biot, P. Gilormini, Dorothée Vicogne, 2016, Chemical communications.

Ferroquine as an oxidative shock antimalarial.

C. Biot, D. Dive, 2014, Current topics in medicinal chemistry.

Ferroquine: a new weapon in the fight against malaria

Christophe Biot, C. Biot, 2004 .

The antimalarial ferroquine: role of the metal and intramolecular hydrogen bond in activity and resistance.

C. Rogier, T. Egan, C. Biot, 2011, ACS chemical biology.

In Vitro Antimalarial Activity of a New Organometallic Analog, Ferrocene-Chloroquine

C. Biot, A. Georges, P. Millet, 1998, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

7‐Chloroquinoline–isatin Conjugates: Antimalarial, Antitubercular, and Cytotoxic Evaluation

Vipan Kumar, J. Gut, C. Biot, 2014, Chemical biology & drug design.

Organometallic benzimidazoles: Synthesis, characterization and antimalarial activity

A. H. Klahn, C. Biot, B. Pradines, 2013 .

The in Vitro Antiplasmodial and Antiproliferative Activity of New Ferrocene‐Based α‐Aminocresols Targeting Hemozoin Inhibition and DNA Interaction

Dale Taylor, C. Biot, A. Edkins, 2020, Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology.

Synthesis and antifungal activity of a ferrocene-fluconazole analogue.

C. Biot, D. Poulain, N. François, 2000, Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters.

Ferrocene–indole hybrids for cancer and malaria therapy

M. Cascante, C. Biot, B. Pradines, 2011 .

Platinum(II) and palladium(II) complexes with (N,N') and (C,N,N')- ligands derived from pyrazole as anticancer and antimalarial agents: synthesis, characterization and in vitro activities.

C. Calvis, R. Messeguer, M. Cascante, 2011, Journal of inorganic biochemistry.

Synthetic ferrocenic mefloquine and quinine analoguesas potential antimalarial agents.

C. Biot, D. Dive, M. Mortuaire, 2000, European journal of medicinal chemistry.

Synthesis and antimalarial activity in vitro of potential metabolites of ferrochloroquine and related compounds.

C. Biot, D. Dive, L. Delhaes, 1999, Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry.

Cyrhetrenyl and ferrocenyl 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives: Synthesis, characterization, crystal structures and in vitro antitubercular activity

A. H. Klahn, C. Biot, L. Kremer, 2015 .

Novel metallocenic compounds as antimalarial agents. Study of the position of ferrocene in chloroquine

C. Biot, D. Dive, M. Mortuaire, 1999 .

Organometallic Chemistry of Drugs Based on Iron

C. Biot, Setshaba D. Khanye, Mziyanda Mbaba, 2021, Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering.

Synthesis and in vitro anti-tubercular evaluation of 1,2,3-triazole tethered β-lactam-ferrocene and β-lactam-ferrocenylchalcone chimeric scaffolds.

Vipan Kumar, C. Biot, L. Kremer, 2012, Dalton transactions.

Enhancement of the antimalarial activity of ciprofloxacin using a double prodrug/bioorganometallic approach.

C. Biot, D. Dive, B. Pradines, 2009, Journal of medicinal chemistry.

Antimalarial versus cytotoxic properties of dual drugs derived from 4-aminoquinolines and Mannich bases: interaction with DNA.

V. Yardley, C. Biot, E. Davioud‐Charvet, 2010, Journal of medicinal chemistry.

AntimalarialversusCytotoxicPropertiesofDualDrugsDerivedFrom4-AminoquinolinesandMannich Bases: Interaction with DNA

V. Yardley, C. Biot, E. Davioud‐Charvet, 2010 .

Palladium (II) and platinum (II) complexes containing organometallic thiosemicarbazone ligands: Synthesis, characterization, X-ray structures and antitubercular evaluation

A. H. Klahn, C. Biot, L. Kremer, 2015 .

Bioorganometallic Chemistry and Malaria

C. Biot, D. Dive, 2010, Medicinal Organometallic Chemistry.

Assessment of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to ferroquine (SSR97193) in field isolates and in W2 strain under pressure

C. Biot, D. Dive, B. Pradines, 2006, Malaria Journal.

Organometallic tosyl hydrazones: Synthesis, characterization, crystal structures and in vitro evaluation for anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis and antiproliferative activities

A. H. Klahn, C. Biot, L. Kremer, 2017 .

Organometallic complexes: new tools for chemotherapy.

C. Biot, N. Chavain, 2010, Current medicinal chemistry.

α-L-fucosidase inhibition by pyrrolidine-ferrocene hybrids: rationalization of ligand-binding properties by structural studies.

C. Biot, G. Davies, J. Behr, 2013, Chemistry.

Iminosugar-ferrocene conjugates as potential anticancer agents.

C. Biot, J. Behr, P. Delannoy, 2012, Organic & biomolecular chemistry.

Stair motifs at protein-DNA interfaces: nonadditivity of H-bond, stacking, and cation-pi interactions.

Marianne Rooman, Christophe Biot, René Wintjens, 2004, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

The ferroquine antimalarial conundrum: redox activation and reinvasion inhibition.

C. Biot, D. Dive, C. Slomianny, 2013, Angewandte Chemie.

Medicinal potential of ciprofloxacin and its derivatives.

C. Biot, M. Navarro, William Castro, 2013, Future medicinal chemistry.

A new three-dimensional sodium molybdenum(V) hydroxymonophosphate: Na8(Mo2O4OH)3(PO4)3(PO3OH)·12.25H2O

C. Biot, B. Raveau, M. Borel, 1998 .

On the Molecular Mechanisms of the Antimalarial Action of Ferroquine

C. Biot, F. Dubar, Faustine Dubar, 2014 .

Bioorganometallic Compounds with Antimalarial Targets: Inhibiting Hemozoin Formation

C. Biot, M. Navarro, William Castro, 2012 .

Novel approaches to antimalarial drug discovery.

K. Chibale, C. Biot, 2006, Infectious disorders drug targets.

Cyrhetrenyl chalcones: Synthesis, characterization and antimalarial evaluation

A. H. Klahn, C. Biot, B. Pradines, 2013 .

Novel ferrocenic steroidal drug derivatives and their bioactivities.

C. Biot, J. Manosroi, A. Manosroi, 2010, Journal of medicinal chemistry.

In vitro and in vivo antischistosomal activity of ferroquine derivatives

J. Keiser, C. Biot, G. Gasser, 2014, Parasites & Vectors.

Bromination studies of the 2,3-dimethylnaphthazarin core allowing easy access to naphthazarin derivatives.

C. Biot, E. Davioud‐Charvet, J. Dessolin, 2001, The Journal of organic chemistry.

IN VITRO METABOLISM OF FERROQUINE (SSR97193) IN ANIMAL AND HUMAN HEPATIC MODELS AND ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY OF MAJOR METABOLITES ON PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM

Christophe Biot, Laurent Fraisse, C. Biot, 2006, Drug Metabolism and Disposition.

AAS, XRF, and MS Methods in Chemical Biology of Metal Complexes

C. Biot, I. Ott, C. Hartinger, 2014 .

Metabolic Labeling of Bacterial Glycans

C. Biot, Y. Bourdreux, D. Guianvarc’h, 2021, Comprehensive Glycoscience.

Probing the Energetic and Structural Role of Amino Acid/Nucleobase Cation-π Interactions in Protein-Ligand Complexes* 210

M. Rooman, C. Biot, R. Wintjens, 2002, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

Antimalarial activities of ferroquine conjugates with either glutathione reductase inhibitors or glutathione depletors via a hydrolyzable amide linker.

C. Biot, E. Davioud‐Charvet, R. Brun, 2009, Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry.

The apicoplast: a key target to cure malaria.

C. Biot, E. Maréchal, J. MacRae, 2012, Current pharmaceutical design.

Novel Zebrafish Mono-α2,8-sialyltransferase (ST8Sia VIII): An Evolutionary Perspective of α2,8-Sialylation

C. Biot, K. Khoo, Elin Teppa, 2019, International journal of molecular sciences.

Ferroquine, the next generation antimalarial drug, has antitumor activity

C. Biot, R. Toillon, Charlotte Dubois, 2017, Scientific Reports.

Pharmacokinetics of Ferroquine, a Novel 4-Aminoquinoline, in Asymptomatic Carriers of Plasmodium falciparum Infections

C. Biot, B. Lell, S. Issifou, 2012, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

Amino acids bearing aromatic or heteroaromatic substituents as a new class of ligands for the lysosomal sialic acid transporter sialin (SLC17A5).

C. Biot, F. Acher, H. Bertrand, 2020, Journal of medicinal chemistry.

Lignification and Advances in Lignin Imaging in Plant Cell Walls

C. Biot, N. Gierlinger, S. Hawkins, 2018, Annual Plant Reviews online.

Structure‐Based Design and Synthesis of Piperidinol‐Containing Molecules as New Mycobacterium abscessus Inhibitors

C. Biot, L. Kremer, J. de Ruyck, 2020, ChemistryOpen.

Ciprofloxacin Derivatives Affect Parasite Cell Division and Increase the Survival of Mice Infected with Toxoplasma gondii

C. Biot, W. de Souza, R. Vommaro, 2015, PloS one.

Antiprotozoal activity of ferroquine

C. Biot, C. Bories, P. Loiseau, 2013, Parasitology Research.

GORAB scaffolds COPI at the trans-Golgi for efficient enzyme recycling and correct protein glycosylation

M. Tassabehji, C. Biot, J. Thomas-Oates, 2019, Nature Communications.

Switching azide and alkyne tags on bioorthogonal reporters in metabolic labeling of sialylated glycoconjugates: a comparative study

C. Biot, T. Lefebvre, M. Mortuaire, 2022, Scientific Reports.

Alkynyl monosaccharide analogues as a tool for evaluating Golgi glycosylation efficiency: application to Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG).

C. Biot, G. Matthijs, Dorothée Vicogne, 2013, Chemical communications.

Free-energy calculations of protein-ligand cation-pi and amino-pi interactions: from vacuum to proteinlike environments.

Marianne Rooman, Christophe Biot, M. Rooman, 2003, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

Synthesis and characterisation of a double deuterium‐labelled ferrochloroquine

C. Biot, J. Brocard, L. Maciejewski, 1998 .

UDP-GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE 72E3 Plays a Role in Lignification of Secondary Cell Walls in Arabidopsis

L. Duponchel, C. Biot, C. Spriet, 2020, International journal of molecular sciences.

Mapping lignification dynamics with a combination of chemistry, data segmentation and ratiometric analysis

C. Biot, N. Gierlinger, C. Spriet, 2021, bioRxiv.

Ratiometric Fluorescent Safranin-O Staining Allows the Quantification of Lignin Contents In Muro.

C. Biot, C. Spriet, S. Hawkins, 2022, Methods in molecular biology.

A prodrug form of a Plasmodium falciparum glutathione reductase inhibitor conjugated with a 4-anilinoquinoline.

R. Schirmer, K. Becker, C. Biot, 2001, Journal of medicinal chemistry.

In situ nanochemical imaging of label-free drugs: a case study of antimalarials in Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes.

P. Cloetens, C. Biot, S. Bohic, 2012, Chemical communications.

[Targeting malaria parasite at the level of apicoplast: an update].

C. Biot, E. Maréchal, Cyrille Y. Botté, 2012, Medecine sciences : M/S.

Deciphering the Resistance-Counteracting Functions of Ferroquine in Plasmodium falciparum-Infected Erythrocytes.

P. Cloetens, C. Biot, D. Dive, 2012, ACS medicinal chemistry letters.

Three-Dimensional Correlative Imaging of a Malaria-Infected Cell with a Hard X-ray Nanoprobe.

P. Cloetens, C. Biot, S. Bohic, 2019, Analytical chemistry.

The antimalarial ferroquine is an inhibitor of hepatitis C virus†, ‡

C. Biot, D. Lavillette, J. Dubuisson, 2013, Hepatology.

Synthetic Ferrocenic Mefloquine and Quinine Analogues as Potential Antimalarial Agents.

C. Biot, D. Dive, M. Mortuaire, 2000 .

Histidine-Aromatic Interactions in Proteins and Protein-Ligand Complexes: Quantum Chemical Study of X-ray and Model Structures.

M. Rooman, C. Biot, R. Wintjens, 2005, Journal of chemical theory and computation.

One, Two, Three: A Bioorthogonal Triple Labelling Strategy for Studying the Dynamics of Plant Cell Wall Formation In Vivo.

C. Biot, C. Spriet, S. Hawkins, 2018, Angewandte Chemie.

New heterocyclic compounds: Synthesis and antitrypanosomal properties.

C. Biot, D. Forge, P. Loiseau, 2015, Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry.

REPRISAL: Mapping lignification dynamics using chemistry, data segmentation, and ratiometric analysis.

C. Biot, C. Spriet, S. Hawkins, 2021, Plant Physiology.

Exploring Lignification Complexity in Plant Cell Walls with Airyscan Super-resolution Microscopy and Bioorthogonal Chemistry

C. Biot, C. Spriet, S. Hawkins, 2023, Chemical & Biomedical Imaging.

Basis set and electron correlation effects on ab initio calculations of cation-π/H-bond stair motifs

Marianne Rooman, Christophe Biot, René Wintjens, 2003 .