M. Poca

M. Poca, V. Hernández-Gea, X. Torras, 2020, Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver.

Ascitic fluid regulates the local innate immune response of patients with cirrhosis

M. Poca, E. Román, E. Cantó, 2018, Journal of leukocyte biology.

Effects of Albumin on Survival after a Hepatic Encephalopathy Episode: Randomized Double-Blind Trial and Meta-Analysis

M. Poca, J. Calleja, J. Genescà, 2021, Journal of clinical medicine.

Normobaric hyperoxia in traumatic brain injury: does brain metabolic state influence the response to hyperoxic challenge?

M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, M. Merino, 2011, Journal of neurotrauma.

Influence of APOE polymorphism on cognitive and behavioural outcome in moderate and severe traumatic brain injury

M. Poca, M. Mataró, C. Junqué, 2006, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry.

ERN CRANIO patient coverage of craniosynostosis in Europe

M. Poca, F. Di Rocco, H. Delye, 2022, Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases.

Carvedilol reduces the risk of decompensation and mortality in patients with compensated cirrhosis in a competing-risk meta-analysis.

M. Kumar, P. Hayes, M. Poca, 2022, Journal of hepatology.

Short-term hemodynamic effects of β-blockers influence survival of patients with decompensated cirrhosis.

M. Poca, R. Montañés, F. Torres, 2020, Journal of hepatology.

β blockers to prevent decompensation of cirrhosis in patients with clinically significant portal hypertension (PREDESCI): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial

M. Poca, J. Calleja, J. Genescà, 2019, The Lancet.

Development of hyperdynamic circulation and response to β‐blockers in compensated cirrhosis with portal hypertension

M. Poca, J. Calleja, J. Genescà, 2016, Hepatology.

M. Poca, M. Mataró, J. Sahuquillo, 2001, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

Decreased cholecystokinin levels in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with adult chronic hydrocephalus syndrome

J. M. Castellanos, M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, 1997, Biological Psychiatry.

Kir6.2, the Pore-Forming Subunit of ATP-Sensitive K+ Channels, Is Overexpressed in Human Posttraumatic Brain Contusions.

J. Simard, M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, 2019, Journal of neurotrauma.

Cytokine production in patients with cirrhosis and TLR4 polymorphisms.

M. Poca, E. Román, J. C. Nieto, 2014, World journal of gastroenterology.

MRI‐based Morphometric Analysis of Posterior Cranial Fossa in the Diagnosis of Chiari Malformation Type I

À. Rovira, M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, 2014, Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging.

Diagnosis and treatment of Chiari malformation and syringomyelia in adults: international consensus document

D. Garbossa, M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, 2021, Neurological Sciences.

Effect of a Multistrain Probiotic on Cognitive Function and Risk of Falls in Patients With Cirrhosis: A Randomized Trial

C. Manichanh, M. Poca, M. Pozuelo, 2019, Hepatology communications.

Effect of rifaximin on infections, acute‐on‐chronic liver failure and mortality in alcoholic hepatitis: A pilot study (RIFA‐AH)

R. Schwabe, R. Bataller, M. Poca, 2022, Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver.

Intravascular cooling for rapid induction of moderate hypothermia in severely head-injured patients: results of a multicenter study (IntraCool)

M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, J. A. Llompart-Pou, 2009, Intensive Care Medicine.

Brain contusions induce a strong local overexpression of MMP-9. Results of a pilot study.

J. Montaner, M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, 2008, Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement.

Bacteriophages immunomodulate the response of monocytes

M. Poca, Lorena Rodríguez-Rubio, M. Muniesa, 2021, Experimental biology and medicine.

Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms and bacterial infections in patients with cirrhosis and ascites

M. Poca, E. Román, J. C. Nieto, 2018, World journal of hepatology.

Toll‐like receptor 4 D299G polymorphism and the incidence of infections in cirrhotic patients

M. Poca, E. Román, C. Juárez, 2010, Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics.

Coexistence of regional cerebral hypoxia with normal or hyperemic brain detected by global monitoring methods. Analysis of apparently contradictory findings based on the Siggaard-Andersen model of tissue hypoxia.

M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, M. Báguena, 2002, Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement.

Transcranial optical monitoring for detecting intracranial pressure alterations in children with benign external hydrocephalus: a proof-of-concept study

T. Durduran, M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, 2022, Neurophotonics.

Is intracranial pressure monitoring in the epidural space reliable? Fact and fiction.

M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, T. Topczewski, 2007, Journal of neurosurgery.

Impaired innate immune response of leukocytes from ascitic fluid of patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

M. Poca, E. Román, J. C. Nieto, 2015, Journal of leukocyte biology.

A randomized trial to assess whether portal pressure guided therapy to prevent variceal rebleeding improves survival in cirrhosis

M. Poca, V. Hernández-Gea, J. Miñana, 2017, Hepatology.

Reliability of clinical guidelines in the detection of patients at risk following mild head injury: results of a prospective study.

Enrique Rubio, Salvador Pedraza, E. Sánchez, 2004, Journal of neurosurgery.

Short-term medical management of hydrocephalus

M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, 2005, Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy.

[Global systems for monitoring cerebral hemodynamics in the neurocritical patient: basic concepts, controversies and recent advances in measuring jugular bulb oxygenation].

M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, A. Vilalta, 2005, Neurocirugia.

Functional and magnetic resonance imaging correlates of corpus callosum in normal pressure hydrocephalus before and after shunting

Juan Sahuquillo, Maite Barrios, Roser Pueyo, 2006, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry.

Good outcome in patients with normal-pressure hydrocephalus and factors indicating poor prognosis.

M. Poca, M. Mataró, F. Arikan, 2005, Journal of neurosurgery.

CSF galanin and cognition after shunt surgery in normal pressure hydrocephalus

M. Poca, M. Mataró, M. del Mar Matarín, 2003, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

Ventricular enlargement after moderate or severe head injury: a frequent and neglected problem.

M. Poca, M. Mataró, F. Arikan, 2005, Journal of neurotrauma.

IDENTIFICATION OF OPTIMAL THERAPEUTIC WINDOW FOR STEROID USE IN SEVERE ALCOHOL-ASSOCIATED HEPATITIS: A WORLDWIDE STUDY.

Muhammad Tariq Majeed, Douglas A. Simonetto, R. Bataller, 2021, Journal of hepatology.

Reappraisal of the reference levels for energy metabolites in the extracellular fluid of the human brain

M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, M. Vidal-Jorge, 2017, Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism.

Cognitive dysfunction in cirrhosis is associated with falls: A prospective study

M. Poca, I. Gich, E. Román, 2012, Hepatology.

Posterior fossa reconstruction: a surgical technique for the treatment of Chiari I malformation and Chiari I/syringomyelia complex--preliminary results and magnetic resonance imaging quantitative assessment of hindbrain migration.

À. Rovira, A. Rodríguez-Baeza, M. Poca, 1994, Neurosurgery.

Molecular Diagnosis of Diffuse Gliomas through Sequencing of Cell-Free Circulating Tumor DNA from Cerebrospinal Fluid

N. López-Bigas, C. Rubio-Perez, J. Carles, 2018, Clinical Cancer Research.

TGF-β Receptor Inhibitors Target the CD44(high)/Id1(high) Glioma-Initiating Cell Population in Human Glioblastoma.

J. Baselga, M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, 2010, Cancer cell.

Circulating tumour DNA from the cerebrospinal fluid allows the characterisation and monitoring of medulloblastoma

X. Puente, C. Rubio-Perez, M. Poca, 2020, Nature Communications.

Neuropsychological alterations and neuroradiological findings in patients with post-traumatic concussion: Results of a pilot study.

M. Poca, A. Rădoi, F. Martínez-Ricarte, 2018, Neurologia.

Cholangitis caused by biliary hydatidosis.

M. Poca, C. Guarner, C. Villanueva, 2010, Gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Intracranial hypertension after surgery in patients with Chiari I malformation and normal or moderate increase in ventricular size.

M A Poca, J Sahuquillo, M. Poca, 2002, Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement.

Posture-induced Changes in Intracranial Pressure: A Comparative Study in Patients with and without a Cerebrospinal Fluid Block at the Craniovertebral Junction

M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, R. Lastra, 2006, Neurosurgery.

Complications Related to the Type of Hydrocephalus: Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, 2015 .

Diagnosis and treatment of Chiari malformation type 1 in children: the International Consensus Document

P. Lanteri, A. Righini, M. Poca, 2021, Neurological Sciences.

Machine learning applied to neuroimaging for diagnosis of adult classic Chiari malformation: role of the basion as a key morphometric indicator.

Malena I. Español, À. Rovira, B. Martin, 2017, Journal of neurosurgery.

Chiari Malformation Type I: A Case-Control Association Study of 58 Developmental Genes

M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, B. Cormand, 2013, PloS one.

Fiberoptic intraparenchymal brain pressure monitoring with the Camino V420 monitor: reflections on our experience in 163 severely head-injured patients.

M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, M. Báguena, 2002, Journal of neurotrauma.

Rare functional genetic variants in COL7A1, COL6A5, COL1A2 and COL5A2 frequently occur in Chiari Malformation Type 1

A. Ashley-Koch, M. Poca, S. Ossowski, 2021, PloS one.

Alteration of the serum microbiome composition in cirrhotic patients with ascites

Cristina Gely, Carlos Guarner, Francisco Guarner, 2016, Scientific Reports.

Is Spreading Depolarization a Risk Factor for Late Epilepsy? A Prospective Study in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury and Malignant Ischemic Stroke Undergoing Decompressive Craniectomy

M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, M. Riveiro, 2020, Neurocritical Care.

Phase angle by electrical bioimpedance is a predictive factor of hospitalisation, falls and mortality in patients with cirrhosis

M. Poca, J. Rosell-Ferrer, E. Román, 2021, Scientific Reports.

Reactive arthritis with a severe lesion of the cervical spine.

M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, P. Huguet, 1997, British journal of rheumatology.

Are evoked potentials clinically useful in the study of patients with Chiari malformation Type 1?

M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, D. Moncho, 2017, Journal of neurosurgery.

Neurodevelopmental profile in children with benign external hydrocephalus syndrome. A pilot cohort study

T. Durduran, M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, 2021, Child's Nervous System.

Cortical Spreading Depression Phenomena Are Frequent in Ischemic and Traumatic Penumbra: A Prospective Study in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury and Large Hemispheric Ischemic Stroke.

M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, M. Riveiro, 2019, Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society.

Lack of utility of arteriojugular venous differences of lactate as a reliable indicator of increased brain anaerobic metabolism in traumatic brain injury.

M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, A. Vilalta, 2007, Journal of neurosurgery.

Cognitive disturbances and neuropsychological changes after surgical treatment in a cohort of 185 patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.

M. Poca, C. Junqué, J. Sahuquillo, 2012, Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists.

Considerations in the Use of Gravitational Valves in the Management of Hydrocephalus. Some Lessons Learned with the Dual-Switch Valve

M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, Katiuska Rosas, 2021, Journal of clinical medicine.

Brain death and postmortem organ donation: report of a questionnaire from the CENTER-TBI study

Ruben G. L. Real, M. Pirinen, V. Feigin, 2018, Critical Care.

INTRA‐ABDOMINAL PRESSURE: THE NEGLECTED VARIABLE IN SELECTING THE VENTRICULOPERITONEAL SHUNT FOR TREATING HYDROCEPHALUS

M. Poca, F. Arikan, J. Sahuquillo, 2008, Neurosurgery.

Predictive model of mortality in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

M. Poca, M. Casas, I. Gich, 2016, Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics.

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: results of a prospective cohort of 236 shunted patients.

M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, E. Solana, 2012, Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement.

Characterization of the Ionic Profile of the Extracellular Space of the Injured and Ischemic Brain: A Microdialysis Study.

M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, M. Vidal-Jorge, 2017, Journal of neurotrauma.

Angiotensin I converting enzyme polymorphism effects in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus syndrome before and after surgery

C. Solé-Padullés, M. Poca, M. Mataró, 2005, Journal of Neurology.

Serum miR-181b-5p predicts ascites onset in patients with compensated cirrhosis

M. Poca, J. Falcón-Pérez, J. Bosch, 2021, JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology.

Cognitive changes after cerebrospinal fluid shunting in young adults with spina bifida and assumed arrested hydrocephalus

Juan Sahuquillo, Carme Junqué, Maria Mataró, 2000, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

To Shunt or Not to Shunt Patients with Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus? A Reappraisal of an Old Question

M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, 2020, Journal of clinical medicine.

Receptors to agglutinin from Dolichus biflorus (DBA) at the synaptic basal lamina of rat neuromuscular junction. A histochemical study during development and denervation.

M. Poca, J. Comella, M. J. Bellmunt, 1987, Cell and tissue research.

Percutaneous implantation of cerebral microdialysis catheters by twist-drill craniostomy in neurocritical patients: description of the technique and results of a feasibility study in 97 patients.

M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, A. Vilalta, 2006, Journal of neurotrauma.

Non-invasive estimation of intracranial pressure by diffuse optics - a proof-of-concept study.

R. Zucca, T. Durduran, M. Poca, 2020, Journal of neurotrauma.

Frailty in outpatients with cirrhosis: A prospective observational study

M. Poca, E. Román, E. Urgell, 2020, Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver.

Cephalometric oropharynx and oral cavity analysis in Chiari malformation Type I: a retrospective case-control study.

À. Rovira, B. Martin, M. Poca, 2017, Journal of neurosurgery.

BE CAREFUL. DON'T FALL!

M. Poca, G. Soriano, E. Román, 2019, Gastroenterology nursing : the official journal of the Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates.

Current aspects of pathophysiology and cell dysfunction after severe head injury.

M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, S. Amorós, 2001, Current pharmaceutical design.

[Epidemiology of head traumas. "Barcelona" data base. Objectives, design and analysis of 584 cases].

M. Poca, J. Vilalta, E. Rubio, 1992, Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion.

Arterio-jugular differences of oxygen (AVDO2) for bedside assessment of CO2-reactivity and autoregulation in the acute phase of severe head injury

M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, M. Báguena, 2005, Acta Neurochirurgica.

Distal catheter lengthening in pediatric patients with hydrocephalus using a guidewire-assisted technique

M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, P. Cano, 2020, Child's Nervous System.

Terlipressin and albumin for type-1 hepatorenal syndrome associated with sepsis.

M. Poca, A. Andrealli, V. Arroyo, 2014, Journal of hepatology.

Laparoscopic Approach to Achalasia. Long-term Clinical and Functional Results and Quality of Life

M. Poca, J. Mones, E. Targarona, 2014 .

Decompressive craniectomy in traumatic brain injury after the DECRA trial. Where do we stand?

M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, F. Martínez-Ricarte, 2013, Current opinion in critical care.

M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, G. Sampol, 2017, Sleep.

Spontaneous ventriculostomy: report of three cases revealed by flow-sensitive phase-contrast cine MR imaging.

À. Rovira, A. Rodríguez-Baeza, M. Poca, 1999, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology.

How to Choose a Shunt for Patients with Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: A Short Guide to Selecting the Best Shunt Assembly

M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, Katiuska Rosas, 2021, Journal of clinical medicine.

Brain Microdialysis Monitoring

M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, D. Sánchez-Ortiz, 2021 .

Neonatal Alexander Disease: MR Imaging Prenatal Diagnosis

M. Poca, G. Enríquez, A. Macaya, 2008, American Journal of Neuroradiology.

Receptors to agglutinin fromDolichus biflorus (DBA) at the synaptic basal lamina of rat neuromuscular junction

M. Poca, J. Comella, M. J. Bellmunt, 1987, Cell and Tissue Research.

Head circumference: The forgotten tool for hydrocephalus management. A reference interval study in the Spanish population

M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, F. Martínez-Ricarte, 2013, Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery.

Corpus callosum functioning in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus before and after surgery

M. Poca, M. Mataró, C. Junqué, 2006, Journal of Neurology.

Normal hypocretin-1 (orexin A) levels in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, E. Serrano, 2012, Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement.

Metabolomics as a tool to predict the risk of decompensation or liver-related death in patients with compensated cirrhosis

M. Poca, J. Calleja, J. Lozano, 2023, Hepatology.

[Cognitive event-related brain potentials (P300) in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus. Results of a prospective study].

M. Poca, M. Mataró, J. Sahuquillo, 2010, Neurologia.

Proteomic Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid from Obese Women with Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A New Approach for Identifying New Candidates in the Pathogenesis of Obesity

M. Poca, R. Simó, A. Lecube, 2012, Journal of neuroendocrinology.

P0190 : Predictive model of mortality in cirrhotic patients with high risk spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

M. Poca, M. Casas, I. Gich, 2015 .

European Obesity Summit (EOS) – Joint Congress of EASO and IFSO-EC, Gothenburg, Sweden, June 1 – 4, 2016: Abstracts

Parashu Ram Pal, S. A. Todd, Jimmy D Bell, 2016, Obesity Facts.

P937 EARLY TREATMENT WITH TERLIPRESSIN AND ALBUMIN IS EFFECTIVE FOR TYPE-1 HEPATORENAL SYNDROME ASSOCIATED WITH SEPSIS

M. Poca, A. Andrealli, V. Arroyo, 2014 .

The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT2) for evaluating civilian mild traumatic brain injury. A pilot normative study

M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, A. Rădoi, 2019, PloS one.

[Current surgical treatment of Chiari type I malformation and Chiari I-syringomyelia complex].

M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, 1998, Neurologia.

Influence of extraneurological insults on ventricular enlargement and neuropsychological functioning after moderate and severe traumatic brain injury.

M. Poca, M. Mataró, C. Junqué, 2004, Journal of neurotrauma.

Postsurgical cerebral perfusion changes in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a statistical parametric mapping study of SPECT images.

Juan Sahuquillo, Carme Junqué, Pilar Salgado-Pineda, 2003, Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine.

Post-surgical changes in brain metabolism detected by magnetic resonance spectroscopy in normal pressure hydrocephalus: results of a pilot study

N. Bargalló, M. Poca, M. Mataró, 2006, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry.

Differences in visual vs. verbal memory impairments as a result of focal temporal lobe damage in patients with traumatic brain injury

M. Poca, M. Mataró, C. Junqué, 2006, Brain injury.

Cognitive and motor improvement after retesting in normal-pressure hydrocephalus: a real change or merely a learning effect?

M. Poca, C. Junqué, J. Sahuquillo, 2010, Journal of neurosurgery.

CO2-induced intracranial hypertension and high-amplitude B-waves in a patient with Chiari 1 malformation and sleep apnea syndrome that resolved following CPAP therapy

M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, M. D. de la Calzada, 2021, Acta Neurochirurgica.

Neuropsychological alterations and neuroradiological findings in patients with post-traumatic concussion: results of a pilot study

M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, A. Rădoi, 2018, Neurología (English Edition).

Paroxysmal cervicobrachial cough-induced pain in a patient with syringomyelia extending into spinal cord posterior gray horns

M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, J. Berciano, 2007, Journal of Neurology.

A Critical Update of the Classification of Chiari and Chiari-like Malformations

M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, Á. Ferré, 2023, Journal of clinical medicine.

Agreement between CSF flow dynamics in MRI and ICP monitoring in the diagnosis of normal pressure hydrocephalus. Sensitivity and specificity of CSF dynamics to predict outcome.

À. Rovira, M. Poca, M. Mataró, 2002, Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement.

Brain activation during speech perception in a patient with a massive left hemisphere infarction

M. Poca, C. Junqué, J. Sahuquillo, 2013, Brain injury.

Neuropsychological correlates of basal ganglia and medial temporal lobe NAA/Cho reductions in traumatic brain injury.

Núria Bargalló, Carme Junqué, Maria Mataró, 2004, Archives of neurology.

Does an increase in cerebral perfusion pressure always mean a better oxygenated brain? A study in head-injured patients.

M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, S. Pedraza, 2000, Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement.

Neuropsychological outcome in relation to the traumatic coma data bank classification of computed tomography imaging.

M. Poca, M. Mataró, C. Junqué, 2001, Journal of neurotrauma.

Role of albumin treatment in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.

M. Poca, M. Casas, I. Gich, 2012, Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association.

Incidence of intracranial hypertension after severe head injury: a prospective study using the Traumatic Coma Data Bank classification.

M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, S. Pedraza, 1998, Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement.

Late-onset achalasia after esophageal atresia repair.

M. Poca, J. Mones, F. Marinello, 2013, Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus.

Early ischaemia after severe head injury preliminary results in patients with diffuse brain injuries

M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, E. Rubio, 2005, Acta Neurochirurgica.

Comparison of cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen, blood flow, and bispectral index under general anesthesia

T. Durduran, M. Poca, M. Kacprzak, 2023, Neurophotonics.

Predictors of the need for necrosectomy in patients with walled-off pancreatic necrosis treated with lumen apposition metal stents

M. Poca, J. Gordillo, G. Soriano, 2021, Surgical Endoscopy.

Neuroprotection in Malignant MCA Infarction

J. Álvarez-Sabín, M. Poca, J. Sahuquillo, 2006, Cerebrovascular Diseases.