H. Sheppard

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Full-Length Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Genomes from Subtype C-Infected Seroconverters in India, with Evidence of Intersubtype Recombination

K. Lole, R. Bollinger, R. Paranjape, 1999, Journal of Virology.

Slower evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 quasispecies during progression to AIDS

J. Mullins, B. Korber, D. Wolpert, 1997, Journal of virology.

Does drug use cause AIDS?

E. Vittinghoff, M. Ascher, H. Sheppard, 1993, Nature.

A multicenter proficiency trial of gene amplification (PCR) for the detection of HIV-1.

M. Ascher, H. Sheppard, M. Luce, 1991, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

Lack of detection of human immunodeficiency virus in persistently seronegative homosexual men with high or medium risks for infection.

J. Levy, H. Sheppard, W. Winkelstein, 1991, The Journal of infectious diseases.

Circulating HIV-1-infected cell burden from seroconversion to AIDS: importance of postseroconversion viral load on disease course.

H. Sheppard, D. Osmond, T. H. Lee, 1994, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

HIV Seroincidence Estimates Among At-Risk Populations in Buenos Aires and Montevideo: Use of the Serologic Testing Algorithm for Recent HIV Seroconversion

H. Sheppard, Jose L. Sanchez, D. Rossi, 2006, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

AIDS as immune system activation: a model for pathogenesis.

M. Ascher, H. Sheppard, 1988, Clinical and experimental immunology.

Viral, Nutritional, and Bacterial Safety of Flash-Heated and Pretoria-Pasteurized Breast Milk to Prevent Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in Resource-Poor Countries: A Pilot Study

H. Sheppard, B. Lönnerdal, B. Abrams, 2005, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

Flash-Heat Inactivation of HIV-1 in Human Milk: A Potential Method to Reduce Postnatal Transmission in Developing Countries

H. Sheppard, B. Abrams, C. Chantry, 2007, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

Shorter survival of SDF1-3'A/3'A homozygotes linked to CD4+ T cell decrease in advanced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection.

G. Pantaleo, A. Lazzarin, H. Sheppard, 2000, The Journal of infectious diseases.

Shorter Survival of SDF 1-3 ′ A / 3 ′ A Homozygotes Linked to CD 4 + T Cell Decrease in Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection

G. Pantaleo, A. Lazzarin, H. Sheppard, 2022 .

An evaluation of the polymerase chain reaction in HIV-1 seronegative men.

H. Sheppard, W. Winkelstein, D. Dondero, 1991, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

The initial immune response to HIV and immune system activation determine the outcome of HIV disease.

M. Ascher, H. Sheppard, W. Lang, 1991, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

Homozygous and heterozygous CCR5-Delta32 genotypes are associated with resistance to HIV infection.

S. Buchbinder, H. Sheppard, G. Seage, 2001 .

CCR5-Δ32 gene deletion in HIV-1 infected patients

H. Sheppard, N. Michael, L. Louie, 1997, The Lancet.

Superantigens, Alloreactivity, Immunologic Tolerance, and AIDS: A Unified Hypothesis

M. Ascher, H. Sheppard, 1992 .

CXCR4 polymorphisms and HIV-1 pathogenesis.

M. Carrington, S. O’Brien, H. Sheppard, 1998, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes and human retrovirology : official publication of the International Retrovirology Association.

AIDS and programmed cell death.

M. Ascher, H. Sheppard, 1991, Immunology today (Amsterdam. Regular ed.).

Aids as Immune System Activation

H. Bremermann, M. Ascher, H. Sheppard, 1995 .

Alloimmunization to prevent AIDS?

H. Sheppard, D. Kiprov, C. Hanson, 1994, Science.

AIDS as immune system activation. II. The panergic imnesia hypothesis.

M. Ascher, H. Sheppard, 1990, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

Homozygous and Heterozygous CCR5‐&Dgr;32 Genotypes Are Associated With Resistance to HIV Infection

H. Sheppard, S. Bozeman, D. Donnell, 2001, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

Immunotherapy for HIV

M. Ascher, H. Sheppard, J. Krowka, 1997, The Lancet.

Cloning of Leishmania donovani genes encoding antigens recognized during human visceral leishmaniasis.

H. Sheppard, D. Dwyer, 1986, Molecular and biochemical parasitology.

Comparison of risk factors for hepatitis C and hepatitis B virus infection in homosexual men.

H. Sheppard, W. Winkelstein, D. Osmond, 1993, The Journal of infectious diseases.

Heat treating breast milk as an infant feeding option.

H. Sheppard, C. Chantry, K. Dewey, 2006, Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association.

Viral burden and HIV disease

M. Ascher, H. Sheppard, J. Krowka, 1993, Nature.

Viral burden in HIV disease.

M. Ascher, H. Sheppard, W. Lang, 1991, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

Rate and Incidence Estimates of Recent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infections among Pregnant Women in São Paulo, Brazil, from 1991 to 2002

H. Sheppard, R. Rodrigues, L. F. de Macedo Brígido, 2005, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

The trouble with T cells

M. Ascher, H. Sheppard, 1990, The Lancet.

Immunogenicity of a recombinant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-canarypox vaccine in HIV-seronegative Ugandan volunteers: results of the HIV Network for Prevention Trials 007 Vaccine Study.

B. Walker, P. Kaleebu, N. Jones, 2003, The Journal of infectious diseases.

Development of a new less-sensitive enzyme immunoassay for detection of early HIV-1 infection.

R. Janssen, F. Hecht, H. Sheppard, 2003, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

Infection from Southern Africa Individuals with Early Subtype C HIV Type 1 Conserved Regions of Gag Targeted by Novel and Promiscuous CTL Epitopes in

D. Katzenstein, C. Gray, H. Sheppard, 2004 .

Absence of reproducibly detectable low-level HIV viremia in highly exposed seronegative men and women

Mardge H. Cohen, R. Greenblatt, S. Buchbinder, 2011, AIDS.

Comparison of Techniques for HIV‐1 RNA Detection and Quantitation in Cervicovaginal Secretions

H. Sheppard, R. Nduati, J. Kreiss, 2001, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

Viral dynamics and CD4+ T cell counts in subtype C human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected individuals from southern Africa.

Xiaohua Xia, Lynn Morris, Clive M Gray, 2005, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

High incidence of HIV-1 in South Africa using a standardized algorithm for recent HIV seroconversion.

H. Sheppard, S. Karim, E. Gouws, 2002 .

The Plasma Membrane H + -ATPase of Leishmania donovani Promastigotes

H. Sheppard, D. Zilberstein, D. Dwyer, 1987 .

Correlation between humoral responses to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope and disease progression in early-stage infection.

J. Mascola, R. Redfield, H. Sheppard, 1998, The Journal of infectious diseases.

Risk factors for hepatitis C virus seropositivity in heterosexual couples.

H. Sheppard, S. Shiboski, D. Osmond, 1993, JAMA.

The role of CCR5 and CCR2 polymorphisms in HIV-1 transmission and disease progression

H. Sheppard, N. Michael, L. Louie, 1997, Nature Medicine.

Vaccine-induced antibodies to the native, oligomeric envelope glycoproteins of primary HIV-1 isolates.

H. Sheppard, P. Berman, R. Shibata, 2001, Vaccine.

Effect of Anti-α1-Fetoprotein on α1-Fetoprotein-producing Rat Tumors in Vivo and in Vitro

H. Sheppard, S. Sell, D. Stillman, 1976 .

Effects of alpha-fetoprotein on murine immune responses. I. Studies on mice.

H. Sheppard, S. Sell, P. Trefts, 1977, Journal of immunology.

In vitro studies of the rabbit immune system. IV. Differential mitogen responses of isolated T and B cells.

H. Sheppard, S. Sell, D. Redelman, 1976, Cellular immunology.

Studies on rabbit lymphocytes in vitro. XX. Demonstration of cells reactive to more than one mitogen by mixed sequential stimulation.

H. Sheppard, S. Sell, D. Redelman, 1975, Experimental cell research.

Studies on rabbit lymphocytes in vitro. 18. Kinetics of reversible Con A stimulation and restimulation of blast transformation after blocking with anti-Con A.

H. Sheppard, S. Sell, 1975, Experimental cell research.

Studies on rabbit lymphocytes in vitro. XVII. Kinetics of reversible concanavalin A stimulation and restimulation of blast transformation after blocking with alpha-methyl-D-mannopyranoside.

H. Sheppard, S. Sell, 1975, Experimental cell research.

Effects of alpha-fetoprotein on murine immune responses. II. Studies on rats.

H. Sheppard, S. Sell, M. Poler, 1977, Journal of immunology.

Home collection for frequent HIV testing: acceptability of oral fluids, dried blood spots and telephone results

E. Vittinghoff, S. Buchbinder, M. Chesney, 2000, AIDS.

Immune response to HIV p24 core protein during the early phases of human immunodeficiency virus infection.

M. Ascher, H. Sheppard, J. Goudsmit, 1991, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

High incidence and prevalence of HIV-1 infection in high risk population in Calcutta, India

L. Kingsley, H. Sheppard, Phalguni Gupta, 2003, International journal of STD & AIDS.

Functional characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nef genes in patients with divergent rates of disease progression

H. Sheppard, D. Birx, N. Michael, 1995, Journal of virology.

Dissociation of Immunologic and Virologic Responses to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

M. Ascher, H. Sheppard, S. Kwok, 2000, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

Safety and immunogenicity of a canarypox-vectored human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 vaccine with or without gp120: a phase 2 study in higher- and lower-risk volunteers.

S. Self, D. Stablein, S. Buchbinder, 2001, The Journal of infectious diseases.

Application of a rapid microplaque assay for determination of human immunodeficiency virus neutralizing antibody titers

H. Sheppard, L. Crawford-Miksza, C. Hanson, 1990, Journal of clinical microbiology.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 evolution in vivo tracked by DNA heteroduplex mobility assays

B. Walker, J. Mullins, E. Delwart, 1994, Journal of virology.

The role of viral phenotype and CCR-5 gene defects in HIV-1 transmission and disease progression

J. Mascola, H. Sheppard, D. Birx, 1997, Nature Medicine.

Rat kappa-chain J-segment genes: Two recent gene duplications separate rat and mouse

G. Gutman, H. Sheppard, 1982, Cell.

Expression of CD69 after in vitro stimulation: a rapid method for quantitating impaired lymphocyte responses in HIV-infected individuals.

K. Steimer, M. Ascher, H. Sheppard, 1996, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes and human retrovirology : official publication of the International Retrovirology Association.

Direct HIV cytopathicity cannot account for CD4 decline in AIDS in the presence of homeostasis: a worst-case dynamic analysis.

Russell W. Anderson, R. Anderson, M. Ascher, 1998, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes and human retrovirology : official publication of the International Retrovirology Association.

The natural history and pathogenesis of HIV infection.

M. Ascher, H. Sheppard, Haynes W. Sheppard, 1992, Annual review of microbiology.

Novel and Promiscuous CTL Epitopes in Conserved Regions of Gag Targeted by Individuals with Early Subtype C HIV Type 1 Infection from Southern Africa1

D. Katzenstein, C. Gray, H. Sheppard, 2004, The Journal of Immunology.

Effects of CCR5- 32, CCR2-64I, and SDF-1 3A Alleles on HIV-1 Disease Progression: An International Meta-Analysis of Individual-Patient Data

H. Ullum, J. Goedert, J. Ioannidis, 2001, Annals of Internal Medicine.

Dissociation of immunologic and virologic responses to highly active antiretroviral therapy.

M. Ascher, H. Sheppard, S. Kwok, 2000 .

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity is inversely correlated with HIV type 1 viral load in HIV type 1-infected long-term survivors.

T. Kepler, M. Davidian, J. Frelinger, 1999, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

Lack of associations of chemotactic cytokines with viral burden, disease progression, or lymphocyte subsets in HIV-infected individuals.

M. Ascher, H. Sheppard, J. Krowka, 1997, Clinical immunology and immunopathology.

Intersubtype BF Recombinants of HIV-1 in a Population of Injecting Drug Users in Argentina

H. Sheppard, H. Salomón, D. Rossi, 2004, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

Sequential Turnover of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 env throughout the Course of Infection

N. Shire, H. Sheppard, J. Nelson, 2006, Journal of Virology.

Hierarchical Targeting of Subtype C Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Proteins by CD8+ T Cells: Correlation with Viral Load

D. Katzenstein, C. Gray, H. Sheppard, 2004, Journal of Virology.

Cross-clade envelope glycoprotein 160-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in early HIV type 1 clade B infection.

H. Sheppard, J. Tartaglia, J. Kunich, 1998, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

High Incidence of HIV‐1 in South Africa Using a Standardized Algorithm for Recent HIV Seroconversion

H. Sheppard, S. Karim, E. Gouws, 2002, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

Persistence of attenuated rev genes in a human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected asymptomatic individual

E. G. Shpaer, B. Walker, M. Hirsch, 1995, Journal of virology.

Genetic characteristics of HIV-1 subtype C envelopes inducing cross-neutralizing antibodies.

C. Gray, H. Sheppard, L. Morris, 2007, Virology.

Neutralizing antibody responses to autologous and heterologous isolates of human immunodeficiency virus.

T. Wrin, H. Sheppard, L. Sawyer, 1994, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

Early human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the HIV Network for Prevention Trials Vaccine Preparedness Cohort: risk behaviors, symptoms, and early plasma and genital tract virus load.

S. Buchbinder, R. Grant, H. Sheppard, 2001, The Journal of infectious diseases.

Effects of CCR5-Delta32, CCR2-64I, and SDF-1 3'A alleles on HIV-1 disease progression: An international meta-analysis of individual-patient data.

H. Ullum, J. Goedert, J. Ioannidis, 2001, Annals of internal medicine.

Production of site-selected neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies against the third variable domain of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein.

S. Zolla-Pazner, M. Gorny, H. Sheppard, 1991, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

Long-term human immunodeficiency virus infection in asymptomatic homosexual and bisexual men with normal CD4+ lymphocyte counts: immunologic and virologic characteristics.

S. Buchbinder, H. Sheppard, S. Holmberg, 1991, The Journal of infectious diseases.

The characterization of non‐progressors: long‐term HIV‐1 infection with stable CD4+ T‐cell levels

E. Vittinghoff, M. Ascher, H. Sheppard, 1993, AIDS.

Rabbit Blood Lymphocytes May Be T Cells with Surface Immunoglobulins

H. Sheppard, S. Sell, 1973, Science.

HIV-1 Infection in Individuals With the CCR5-Δ32/Δ32 Genotype: Acquisition of Syncytium-Inducing Virus at Seroconversion

M. Carrington, S. O’Brien, H. Sheppard, 2002 .

HIV-1 PCR and isolation in seroconverting and seronegative homosexual men: absence of long-term immunosilent infection.

H. Sheppard, M. Busch, G. Rodgers, 1993, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

Mixed lymphocyte reactions in the rabbit using peripheral blood cells: the effects of cell preparation and skin grafting.

H. Sheppard, S. Sell, D. Redelman, 1977, Journal of immunological methods.

Effects of CCR5-Δ32 and CCR2-64I alleles on HIV-1 disease progression: the protection varies with duration of infection

J. Goedert, J. Ioannidis, D. Vlahov, 2003, AIDS.

Use of T lymphocyte subset analysis in the case definition for AIDS.

E. Vittinghoff, M. Ascher, H. Sheppard, 1993, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

HIV-1 infection in individuals with the CCR5-Delta32/Delta32 genotype: acquisition of syncytium-inducing virus at seroconversion.

M. Carrington, S. O’Brien, S. Buchbinder, 2002, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

PCR-Based Assay To Quantify Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 DNA in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

H. Sheppard, B. Conway, S. Kwok, 2000, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

REGULATION OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE OF RABBIT LYMPHOCYTES BY ANTIGEN ACTIVATED SUPPRESSOR CELLS

H. Sheppard, D. Redelman, Deborah J Anderson, 1977 .

In vitro studies of the rabbit immune system: II. Functional characterization of rabbit T and B populations separated by adherence to nylon wool or lysis with anti-thymocyte serum and complement.

H. Sheppard, S. Sell, D. Redelman, 1976, Cellular immunology.

Characterization of gp120 hydrolysis by IgA antibodies from humans without HIV infection.

H. Sheppard, R. Kyle, M. Escobar, 2007, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

CCR2-64I polymorphism, syncytium-inducing human immunodeficiency virus strains, and disease progression.

A. Lazzarin, H. Sheppard, N. Michael, 2000, Journal of Infectious Diseases.

HIV infection in homosexual and bisexual men 18 to 29 years of age: the San Francisco Young Men's Health Study.

H. Sheppard, W. Winkelstein, D. Osmond, 1994, American journal of public health.

Cross-clade human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses in HIV-infected Zambians

J. Frelinger, M. Betts, H. Sheppard, 1997, Journal of virology.

Transmission of genetically diverse strains of HIV-1 in Pune, India.

R. Bollinger, D. Gadkari, S. Kulkarni, 1998, The Indian journal of medical research.

In vitro studies of the rabbit immune system. V. Suppressor T cells activated by concanavalin A block the proliferation, not the induction of antierythrocyte plaque-forming cells

H. Sheppard, S. Sell, D. Redelman, 1976, The Journal of experimental medicine.

HIV type 1 subtype C gag and nef diversity in Southern Africa.

C. Gray, H. Sheppard, C. Williamson, 2007, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

Complex allotypes of rat κ chains are encoded by structural alleles

G. Gutman, H. Sheppard, 1981, Nature.

Allelic forms of rat kappa chain genes: evidence for strong selection at the level of nucleotide sequence.

G. Gutman, H. Sheppard, 1981, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

Primary HIV-1 infection.

S. J. Clark, D. Ho, J. Levy, 1991, The New England journal of medicine.

Breakthrough infections during phase 1 and 2 prime-boost HIV-1 vaccine trials with canarypox vectors (ALVAC) and booster dose of recombinant gp120 or gp160.

S. Buchbinder, H. Sheppard, M. McElrath, 2004, The Journal of infectious diseases.

The lack of association of marijuana and other recreational drugs with progression to AIDS in the San Francisco Men's Health Study.

D. Hunter, T. Tosteson, M. Ascher, 1996, Annals of epidemiology.

Recognition of Leishmania donovani antigens by murine T lymphocyte lines and clones. Species cross-reactivity, functional correlates of cell-mediated immunity, and antigen characterization.

H. Sheppard, P. Scott, D. Dwyer, 1983, Journal of immunology.

Phase I/II Study of a Candidate Vaccine Designed Against the B and E Subtypes of HIV-1

H. Sheppard, P. Pitisuttithum, D. Francis, 2004, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

Time for a systematic look at inactivated HIV vaccines.

H. Sheppard, Burton P. Dorman, Burton P Dorman, 2015, AIDS.

Identification of a high-risk heterosexual population for HIV prevention trials in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Projeto Praço Onze Study Group.

H. Sheppard, L. Harrison, M. Schechter, 2000, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

Identification of a high-risk heterosexual population for HIV prevention trials in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

H. Sheppard, L. Harrison, M. Schechter, 2000 .

Brief Report: Identification of a High‐Risk Heterosexual Population for HIV Prevention Trials in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

H. Sheppard, L. Harrison, M. Schechter, 2000 .

Approaches to the development of broadly protective HIV vaccines: challenges posed by the genetic, biological and antigenic variability of HIV-1: Report* from a meeting of the WHO-UNAIDS Vaccine Advisory Committee** Geneva, 21–23 February 2000

Guido Ferrari, N. Nathanson, Donald S. Burke, 2001, AIDS.

CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia without HIV infection.

H. Sheppard, W. Lang, W. Winkelstein, 1993, The New England journal of medicine.

The relationship between AIDS and immunologic tolerance.

M. Ascher, H. Sheppard, 1992, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.