D. Álvarez

G. C. Gutiérrez-Tobal, L. Kheirandish-Gozal, D. Gozal, 2017, Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine.

Nocturnal Oximetry‐based Evaluation of Habitually Snoring Children

G. C. Gutiérrez-Tobal, L. Kheirandish-Gozal, D. Gozal, 2017, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

Oximetry use in obstructive sleep apnea

G. C. Gutiérrez-Tobal, R. Hornero, D. Álvarez, 2018, Expert review of respiratory medicine.

A machine learning-based test for adult sleep apnoea screening at home using oximetry and airflow

G. C. Gutiérrez-Tobal, R. Hornero, D. Álvarez, 2020, Scientific Reports.

Regularity analysis of nocturnal oximetry recordings to assist in the diagnosis of sleep apnoea syndrome.

J. Victor Marcos, G. C. Gutiérrez-Tobal, I. Nabney, 2016, Medical engineering & physics.

Usefulness of Artificial Neural Networks in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome

R. Hornero, D. Álvarez, A. Cerezo-Hernández, 2017 .

Assessment of automated analysis of portable oximetry as a screening test for moderate-to-severe sleep apnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

G. C. Gutiérrez-Tobal, R. Hornero, D. Álvarez, 2017, PloS one.

Assessment of oximetry-based statistical classifiers as simplified screening tools in the management of childhood obstructive sleep apnea

G. C. Gutiérrez-Tobal, L. Kheirandish-Gozal, D. Gozal, 2018, Sleep and Breathing.

Symbolic dynamics to enhance diagnostic ability of portable oximetry from the Phone Oximeter in the detection of paediatric sleep apnoea

G. C. Gutiérrez-Tobal, G. Dumont, R. Hornero, 2018, Physiological measurement.

Linear and nonlinear analysis of airflow recordings to help in sleep apnoea–hypopnoea syndrome diagnosis

J. Victor Marcos, G. C. Gutiérrez-Tobal, R. Hornero, 2012, Physiological measurement.

Automated analysis of unattended portable oximetry by means of Bayesian neural networks to assist in the diagnosis of sleep apnea

G. C. Gutiérrez-Tobal, R. Hornero, D. Álvarez, 2016, 2016 Global Medical Engineering Physics Exchanges/Pan American Health Care Exchanges (GMEPE/PAHCE).

An Asynchronous P300-Based Brain-Computer Interface Web Browser for Severely Disabled People

Javier Gomez-Pilar, Daniel Álvarez, Roberto Hornero, 2017, IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering.

Heart rate regularity analysis obtained from pulse oximetric recordings in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea

Roberto Hornero, Daniel Abásolo, F. del Campo, 2006, Sleep and Breathing.

Applying time, frequency and nonlinear features from nocturnal oximetry to OSA diagnosis

J. Victor Marcos, R. Hornero, D. Álvarez, 2008, 2008 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

Irregularity and Variability Analysis of Airflow Recordings to Facilitate the Diagnosis of Paediatric Sleep Apnoea-Hypopnoea Syndrome

Roberto Hornero, Daniel Álvarez, Félix del Campo, 2017, Entropy.

Heart rate variability spectrum characteristics in children with sleep apnea

G. C. Gutiérrez-Tobal, L. Kheirandish-Gozal, D. Gozal, 2020, Pediatric Research.

I. INTRODUCTION The sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) is a prevalent respiratory disorder that affects up to 4% of pediatric population [1]. Children affected by SAHS suffer from repeated apnea (airflow

G. C. Gutiérrez-Tobal, L. Kheirandish-Gozal, D. Gozal, 2019 .

Wavelet analysis of oximetry recordings to assist in the automated detection of moderate-to-severe pediatric sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome

Roberto Hornero, Daniel Álvarez, Fernando Vaquerizo-Villar, 2018, PloS one.

Automated detection of childhood sleep apnea using discrete wavelet transform of nocturnal oximetry and anthropometric variables

G. C. Gutiérrez-Tobal, L. Kheirandish-Gozal, D. Gozal, 2017 .

Positive airway pressure and electrical stimulation methods for obstructive sleep apnea treatment: a patent review (2005 – 2014)

G. C. Gutiérrez-Tobal, R. Hornero, D. Álvarez, 2015, Expert opinion on therapeutic patents.

Assessment of neurofeedback training by means of motor imagery based-BCI for cognitive rehabilitation

Javier Gomez-Pilar, Rebeca Corralejo, Roberto Hornero, 2014, 2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

Single layer network classifiers to assist in the detection of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome from oximetry data

J. Victor Marcos, R. Hornero, D. Álvarez, 2008, 2008 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

Network Analysis on Overnight EEG Spectrum to Assess Relationships Between Paediatric Sleep Apnoea and Cognition

G. C. Gutiérrez-Tobal, L. Kheirandish-Gozal, D. Gozal, 2019, IFMBE Proceedings.

A 2D convolutional neural network to detect sleep apnea in children using airflow and oximetry

G. C. Gutiérrez-Tobal, L. Kheirandish-Gozal, D. Gozal, 2022, Comput. Biol. Medicine.

Classification Methods from Heart Rate Variability to Assist in SAHS Diagnosis

G. C. Gutiérrez-Tobal, R. Hornero, D. Álvarez, 2014 .

Pulse Rate Variability Analysis to Enhance Oximetry as at-Home Alternative for Sleep Apnea Diagnosing

G. C. Gutiérrez-Tobal, R. Hornero, D. Álvarez, 2018, IFMBE Proceedings.

Slow EEG Oscillation to Characterize Pediatric Sleep Apnea and Associated Cognitive Impairments

G. C. Gutiérrez-Tobal, L. Kheirandish-Gozal, D. Gozal, 2022, 2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC).

Applying Cross Approximate Entropy to Blood Oxygen Saturation and Heart Rate from Nocturnal Oximetry in Screening for Obstructive Sleep Apnea

R. Hornero, D. Álvarez, María García, 2008 .

Automatic Sleep Staging in Children with Sleep Apnea using Photoplethysmography and Convolutional Neural Networks

T. Penzel, L. Kheirandish-Gozal, D. Gozal, 2021, 2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC).

A convolutional neural network to classify sleep stages in pediatric sleep apnea from pulse oximetry signals

T. Penzel, L. Kheirandish-Gozal, D. Gozal, 2022, 2022 IEEE 21st Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference (MELECON).

Pediatric sleep apnea: Characterization of apneic events and sleep stages using heart rate variability

P. Laguna, E. Gil, R. Bailón, 2023, Comput. Biol. Medicine.

Assessment of Feature Selection and Classification Approaches to Enhance Information from overnight oximetry in the Context of Apnea Diagnosis

Niels Wessel, Thomas Penzel, Roberto Hornero, 2013, Int. J. Neural Syst..

Adaptive semi-supervised classification to reduce intersession non-stationarity in multiclass motor imagery-based brain-computer interfaces

Javier Gomez-Pilar, Rebeca Corralejo, Daniel Álvarez, 2015, Neurocomputing.

Pattern recognition in airflow recordings to assist in the sleep apnoea–hypopnoea syndrome diagnosis

Roberto Hornero, J. Víctor Marcos, Daniel Álvarez, 2013, Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing.

Automated detection of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome from oxygen saturation recordings using linear discriminant analysis

Roberto Hornero, J. Víctor Marcos, Daniel Álvarez, 2010, Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing.

Reliability of machine learning to diagnose pediatric obstructive sleep apnea: Systematic review and meta‐analysis

L. Kheirandish-Gozal, D. Gozal, R. Hornero, 2021, Pediatric pulmonology.

Approximate Entropy from Overnight Pulse Oximetry for the Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

D. Abásolo, R. Hornero, D. Álvarez, 2005, 2005 IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology 27th Annual Conference.

Pediatric Sleep Apnea: The Overnight Electroencephalogram as a Phenotypic Biomarker

L. Kheirandish-Gozal, D. Gozal, R. Hornero, 2021, Frontiers in Neuroscience.

Feature selection using a genetic algorithm in a motor imagery-based Brain Computer Interface

Rebeca Corralejo, Roberto Hornero, Daniel Álvarez, 2011, 2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

A Domotic Control System Using Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)

Rebeca Corralejo, Roberto Hornero, Daniel Álvarez, 2011, IWANN.

Machine learning for nocturnal diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using digital oximetry biomarkers pdf

Daniel Alvarez, Joachim A. Behar, Jeremy Levy, 2020, Physiological measurement.

Usefulness of discrete wavelet transform in the analysis of oximetry signals to assist in childhood sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome diagnosis

Daniel Álvarez, Roberto Hornero, Fernando Vaquerizo-Villar, 2017, 2017 39th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC).

A Bayesian neural network approach to compare the spectral information from nasal pressure and thermistor airflow in the automatic sleep apnea severity estimation

Daniel Álvarez, Roberto Hornero, Fernando Vaquerizo-Villar, 2017, 2017 39th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC).

Multi-class adaboost to detect Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome severity from oximetry recordings obtained at home

R. Hornero, F. Vaquerizo-Villar, D. Alvarez, 2016, 2016 Global Medical Engineering Physics Exchanges/Pan American Health Care Exchanges (GMEPE/PAHCE).

Utility of AdaBoost to Detect Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome From Single-Channel Airflow

Roberto Hornero, Félix del Campo, Gonzalo C. Gutiérrez-Tobal, 2016, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

AdaBoost Classification to Detect Sleep Apnea from Airflow Recordings

Javier Gomez-Pilar, Roberto Hornero, Daniel Álvarez, 2014 .

Assessment of spectral bands of interest in airflow signal to assist in sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome diagnosis

Javier Gomez-Pilar, Roberto Hornero, Daniel Álvarez, 2013, 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC).

Automated Prediction of the Apnea-Hypopnea Index from Nocturnal Oximetry Recordings

Roberto Hornero, J. Víctor Marcos, Daniel Álvarez, 2012, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

Analysis of nocturnal oxygen saturation recordings using kernel entropy to assist in sleep apnea-hypopnea diagnosis

Roberto Hornero, J. Víctor Marcos, Ian T. Nabney, 2011, 2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

Spectral analysis of single-channel airflow and oxygen saturation recordings in obstructive sleep apnea detection

Roberto Hornero, Daniel Alvarez, R. Hornero, 2010, 2010 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology.

Multivariate Analysis of Blood Oxygen Saturation Recordings in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Diagnosis

Roberto Hornero, J. Víctor Marcos, Daniel Álvarez, 2010, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

A classification algorithm based on spectral features from nocturnal oximetry and support vector machines to assist in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea

Roberto Hornero, Daniel Alvarez, J. Victor Marcos, 2009, 2009 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

Utility of multilayer perceptron neural network classifiers in the diagnosis of the obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome from nocturnal oximetry

Roberto Hornero, Miguel Maldonado López, J. Víctor Marcos, 2008, Comput. Methods Programs Biomed..

Radial basis function classifiers to help in the diagnosis of the obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome from nocturnal oximetry

Roberto Hornero, Miguel Maldonado López, J. Víctor Marcos, 2008, Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Detection Using Clustering Classification of Nonlinear Features from Nocturnal Oximetry

R. Hornero, J. Victor Marcos, D. Alvarez, 2007, 2007 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

Applying Neural Network Classifiers in the Diagnosis of the Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome from Nocturnal Pulse Oximetric Recordings

R. Hornero, J. Victor Marcos, D. Alvarez, 2007, 2007 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

Improving diagnostic ability of blood oxygen saturation from overnight pulse oximetry in obstructive sleep apnea detection by means of central tendency measure

Roberto Hornero, Daniel Álvarez, Félix del Campo, 2007, Artif. Intell. Medicine.

Cross Approximate Entropy Analysis of Nocturnal Oximetry Signals in the Diagnosis of the Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

Roberto Hornero, Daniel Álvarez, Félix del Campo, 2006, 2006 International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

Utility of Approximate Entropy From Overnight Pulse Oximetry Data in the Diagnosis of the Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

Roberto Hornero, Daniel Álvarez, Félix del Campo, 2007, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

Ensemble-learning regression to estimate sleep apnea severity using at-home oximetry in adults

Roberto Hornero, Daniel Álvarez, Félix del Campo, 2021, Appl. Soft Comput..

Evaluation of Machine-Learning Approaches to Estimate Sleep Apnea Severity From At-Home Oximetry Recordings

Daniel Álvarez, Roberto Hornero, Gonzalo C. Gutiérrez-Tobal, 2019, IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics.

Oxygen saturation regularity analysis in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea

Roberto Hornero, Daniel Álvarez, Félix del Campo, 2006, Artif. Intell. Medicine.

A machine learning-based test for adult sleep apnoea screening at home using oximetry and airflow

R. Hornero, D. Álvarez, F. del Campo, 2020, Scientific Reports.

Bispectral Analysis of Heart Rate Variability to Characterize and Help Diagnose Pediatric Sleep Apnea

Roberto Hornero, Daniel Álvarez, Félix del Campo, 2021, Entropy.

Interpretation of the Lempel-Ziv Complexity Measure in the Context of Biomedical Signal Analysis

Roberto Hornero, Daniel Álvarez, Daniel E. Abásolo, 2006, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

Study of the Adherence to continuous positive airway pressure Treatment in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in the Confinement During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

R. Hornero, D. Álvarez, F. del Campo, 2020, Archivos de bronconeumologia.

A Convolutional Neural Network Architecture to Enhance Oximetry Ability to Diagnose Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Roberto Hornero, Daniel Álvarez, Félix del Campo, 2021, IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics.

Automatic Assessment of Pediatric Sleep Apnea Severity Using Overnight Oximetry and Convolutional Neural Networks

Roberto Hornero, Daniel Álvarez, Fernando Vaquerizo-Villar, 2020, 2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC).

Convolutional Neural Networks to Detect Pediatric Apnea-Hypopnea Events from Oximetry

Daniel Álvarez, Roberto Hornero, Fernando Vaquerizo-Villar, 2019, 2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC).

Multiscale Entropy Analysis of Unattended Oximetric Recordings to Assist in the Screening of Paediatric Sleep Apnoea at Home

Roberto Hornero, Daniel Álvarez, Félix del Campo, 2017, Entropy.

Diagnosis of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea: Preliminary findings using automatic analysis of airflow and oximetry recordings obtained at patients' home

Roberto Hornero, Daniel Álvarez, Félix del Campo, 2015, Biomed. Signal Process. Control..

Assessment of Time and Frequency Domain Entropies to Detect Sleep Apnoea in Heart Rate Variability Recordings from Men and Women

Javier Gomez-Pilar, Roberto Hornero, Daniel Álvarez, 2015, Entropy.

Exploring the spectral information of airflow recordings to help in pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome diagnosis

Roberto Hornero, Félix del Campo, María Luz Alonso Álvarez, 2014, 2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

Neurofeedback training with a motor imagery-based BCI: neurocognitive improvements and EEG changes in the elderly

Javier Gomez-Pilar, Rebeca Corralejo, Roberto Hornero, 2016, Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing.

Neurofeedback Training with a Motor Imagery-Based BCI Improves Neurocognitive Functions in Elderly People

Javier Gomez-Pilar, Rebeca Corralejo, Daniel Álvarez, 2015, Brain-Computer Interface Research.

Adaptive Stacked Generalization for Multiclass Motor Imagery-Based Brain Computer Interfaces

Javier Gomez-Pilar, Rebeca Corralejo, Roberto Hornero, 2015, IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering.

From sleep medicine to medicine during sleep

T. Penzel, D. Álvarez, J. Behar, 2021, Physiological measurement.

Heart Rate Variability as a Potential Biomarker of Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea Resolution.

L. Kheirandish-Gozal, D. Gozal, R. Hornero, 2021, Sleep.

Conventional Machine Learning Methods Applied to the Automatic Diagnosis of Sleep Apnea.

R. Hornero, D. Álvarez, J. Gómez-Pilar, 2022, Advances in experimental medicine and biology.

Assessment of four neural network based classifiers to automatically detect red lesions in retinal images.

Roberto Hornero, María I López, María García, 2010, Medical engineering & physics.

Bispectral analysis of overnight airflow to improve the pediatric sleep apnea diagnosis

Roberto Hornero, Daniel Álvarez, Félix del Campo, 2020, Comput. Biol. Medicine.

Assessment of Airflow and Oximetry Signals to Detect Pediatric Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome Using AdaBoost

Roberto Hornero, Daniel Álvarez, Félix del Campo, 2020, Entropy.

Usefulness of Spectral Analysis of Respiratory Rate Variability to Help in Pediatric Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome Diagnosis

Daniel Álvarez, Roberto Hornero, Fernando Vaquerizo-Villar, 2019, 2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC).

Influence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Moderate-To-Severe Sleep Apnoea in Overnight Cardiac Autonomic Modulation: Time, Frequency and Non-Linear Analyses

Daniel Álvarez, Roberto Hornero, Fernando Vaquerizo-Villar, 2019, Entropy.

Detrended fluctuation analysis of the oximetry signal to assist in paediatric sleep apnoea–hypopnoea syndrome diagnosis

Roberto Hornero, Daniel Álvarez, Fernando Vaquerizo-Villar, 2018, Physiological measurement.

Improving the Diagnostic Ability of Oximetry Recordings in Pediatric Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome by Means of Multi-Class AdaBoost

Daniel Álvarez, Roberto Hornero, Fernando Vaquerizo-Villar, 2018, 2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC).

Bispectral Analysis to Enhance Oximetry as a Simplified Alternative for Pediatric Sleep Apnea Diagnosis

Daniel Álvarez, Roberto Hornero, Fernando Vaquerizo-Villar, 2018, 2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC).

Utility of bispectrum in the screening of pediatric sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome using oximetry recordings

Daniel Álvarez, Roberto Hornero, Fernando Vaquerizo-Villar, 2018, Comput. Methods Programs Biomed..

Automated analysis of nocturnal oximetry as screening tool for childhood obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome

Roberto Hornero, Daniel Álvarez, Félix del Campo, 2015, 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC).

Analysis and classification of oximetry recordings to predict obstructive sleep apnea severity in children

Roberto Hornero, Félix del Campo, Leila Kheirandish-Gozal, 2015, 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC).

Usefulness of recurrence plots from airflow recordings to aid in paediatric sleep apnoea diagnosis

Daniel Álvarez, Roberto Hornero, Fernando Vaquerizo-Villar, 2020, Comput. Methods Programs Biomed..

Abstract. Sleep staging is of paramount importance in children with suspicion of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea

L. Kheirandish-Gozal, R. Hornero, D. Álvarez, 2021 .

Wavelet Analysis of Overnight Airflow to Detect Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children

Roberto Hornero, Daniel Álvarez, Félix del Campo, 2021, Sensors.

Statistical and nonlinear analysis of oximetry from respiratory polygraphy to assist in the diagnosis of Sleep Apnea in children

Daniel Álvarez, Roberto Hornero, Félix del Campo, 2014, 2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

Study of adherence to continuous positive airway pressure treatment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in the confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic

R. Hornero, D. Álvarez, F. del Campo, 2020, Archivos de Bronconeumología (English Edition).

Deep learning for obstructive sleep apnea diagnosis based on single channel oximetry

D. Álvarez, J. Behar, F. del Campo, 2023, Nature communications.

An explainable deep-learning model to stage sleep states in children and propose novel EEG-related patterns in sleep apnea

L. Kheirandish-Gozal, D. Gozal, R. Hornero, 2023, Computers in Biology and Medicine.

Oximetry use in obstructive sleep apnea

R. Hornero, D. Álvarez, F. del Campo, 2018, Expert review of respiratory medicine.

Bispectral Analysis to Enhance Oximetry as a Simplified Alternative for Pediatric Sleep Apnea Diagnosis

L. Kheirandish-Gozal, D. Gozal, R. Hornero, 2018, 2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC).

Adaptive Stacked Generalization for Multiclass Motor Imagery-Based Brain Computer Interfaces

Luis F. Nicolás-Alonso, R. Hornero, D. Álvarez, 2015, IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering.

Ensemble learning for classification of motor imagery tasks in multiclass brain computer interfaces

Javier Gomez-Pilar, Rebeca Corralejo, Roberto Hornero, 2014, 2014 6th Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Conference (CEEC).

Apnea-hypopnea index estimation from spectral analysis of airflow recordings

Daniel Álvarez, Roberto Hornero, J. Víctor Marcos, 2012, 2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

Assessment of four statistical pattern recognition techniques to assist in obstructive sleep apnoea diagnosis from nocturnal oximetry.

J. Victor Marcos, R. Hornero, D. Álvarez, 2009, Medical engineering & physics.

[Epworth drowsiness scale value in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome].

D. Álvarez, R. Giobellina, Uribe Echevarría Em, 2000, Medicina.