S. Holmberg

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Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy at CD4 Cell Counts ≥350 Cells/mm3 Does Not Increase Incidence or Risk of Peripheral Neuropathy, Anemia, or Renal Insufficiency

J. Chmiel, K. Lichtenstein, C. Armon, 2008, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. HIV Outpatient Study Investigators.

G. Satten, A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, 1998, The New England journal of medicine.

Serum β2-microglobulin and prediction of progression to AIDS in HIV infection

M. Segal, S. Buchbinder, S. Holmberg, 1992, The Lancet.

Prior herpes simplex virus type 2 infection as a risk factor for HIV infection.

S. Holmberg, R. Byers, P. O'Malley, 1988, JAMA.

Provider Compliance With Guidelines for Management of Cardiovascular Risk in HIV-Infected Patients

J. Chmiel, K. Lichtenstein, C. Armon, 2013, Preventing chronic disease.

Cofactors for HIV Disease Progression in a Cohort of Homosexual and Bisexual Men

E. Vittinghoff, S. Buchbinder, S. Holmberg, 2001, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

Combination antiretroviral therapy and recent declines in AIDS incidence and mortality.

E. Vittinghoff, S. Buchbinder, S. Holmberg, 1999, The Journal of infectious diseases.

DURATION OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION BEFORE DETECTION OF ANTIBODY

J. Ward, I. Longini, S. Holmberg, 1989, The Lancet.

Drug-resistant Salmonella from animals fed antimicrobials.

S. Holmberg, M. Osterholm, Mitchell L. Cohen, 1984, The New England journal of medicine.

Antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B virus infection and development of hepatocellular carcinoma in a US population.

A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, J. Boscarino, 2014, Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association.

Hepatitis A Infections among Food Handlers in the United States, 1993–2011

S. Holmberg, J. Groeger, U. Sharapov, 2016, Public health reports.

FOODBORNE TRANSMISSION OF CHOLERA IN MICRONESIAN HOUSEHOLDS

S. Holmberg, P. Blake, N. Hargrett, 1984, The Lancet.

Heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from transfusion recipients to their sex partners.

J. Ward, T. O'Brien, S. Holmberg, 1994, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

New and newer enteric pathogens: stages in our knowledge.

S. Holmberg, R. Feldman, 1984, American journal of public health.

Crack cocaine smokers who turn to drug injection: characteristics, factors associated with injection, and implications for HIV transmission. The Multicenter Crack Cocaine and HIV Infection Study Team.

S. Holmberg, C. Word, J. Inciardi, 1996, Drug and alcohol dependence.

The rise of tuberculosis in America before 1820.

S. Holmberg, S. D. Holmberg, 1990, The American review of respiratory disease.

Nonhospital Health CareAssociated Hepatitis B and C Virus Transmission: United States, 19982008

A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, J. Perz, 2009, Annals of Internal Medicine.

Urban Rape Survivors: Characteristics and Prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections

S. Holmberg, C. Word, C. Mccoy, 1995, Obstetrics and gynecology.

Streptococcal pharyngitis and acute rheumatic fever in Rhode Island.

S. Holmberg, G. Faich, 1983, JAMA.

Aeromonas intestinal infections in the United States.

S. Holmberg, P. Blake, I. Wachsmuth, 1986, Annals of internal medicine.

The global distribution of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV‐2) infection

S. Holmberg, C. R. Horsburgh, C. Horsburgh, 1988, Transfusion.

HIV and hepatitis B infection and risk behavior in young gay and bisexual men.

T. Heeren, S. Holmberg, C. Wold, 1997, Public health reports.

Hepatitis C virus and the infectious diseases community.

S. Holmberg, 2012, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Indications for testing among reported cases of HCV infection from enhanced hepatitis surveillance sites in the United States, 2004-2010.

S. Holmberg, R. Klevens, Reena Mahajan, 2013, American journal of public health.

USPHS/IDSA guidelines for the prevention of opportunistic infections in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus: Disease-specific recommendations

Mary E. Wilson, J. Hughes, J. Phair, 1995 .

Syphilis increases HIV viral load and decreases CD4 cell counts in HIV-infected patients with new syphilis infections

J. Klausner, K. Buchacz, S. Holmberg, 2004, AIDS.

Hepatitis C Guidance 2018 Update: AASLD-IDSA Recommendations for Testing, Managing, and Treating Hepatitis C Virus Infection.

R. Fontana, R. Jhaveri, J. Wong, 2018, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Sustained virological response does not improve long‐term glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic hepatitis C

A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, J. Boscarino, 2019, Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver.

Uptake of and Factors Associated With Direct-acting Antiviral Therapy Among Patients in the Chronic Hepatitis Cohort Study, 2014 to 2015

A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, J. Xing, 2017, Journal of clinical gastroenterology.

Prevalence of Cirrhosis in Hepatitis C Patients in the Chronic Hepatitis Cohort Study (CHeCS): A Retrospective and Prospective Observational Study

A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, J. Boscarino, 2015, The American Journal of Gastroenterology.

Factors associated with chronic renal failure in HIV-infected ambulatory patients

G. Mcgwin, A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, 2004, AIDS.

Development of Proteinuria or Elevated Serum Creatinine and Mortality in HIV-Infected Women

L. Szczech, S. Holmberg, L. Gardner, 2003, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

State Plans for Containment of Pandemic Influenza

D. Wagener, S. Holmberg, C. Layton, 2006, Emerging infectious diseases.

Epidemic cholera in Mali: high mortality and multiple routes of transmission in a famine area

S. Holmberg, R. Tauxe, R. Tauxe, 1988, Epidemiology and Infection.

Cancer incidence in women with or at risk for HIV

D. Vlahov, S. Holmberg, L. Gardner, 2001, International journal of cancer.

Prevalence of lower genital tract infections among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive and high-risk HIV-seronegative women. HIV Epidemiology Research Study Group.

D. Vlahov, J. Peipert, J. Hogan, 1999, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Increased Incidence of Hodgkin Disease in Homosexual Men with HIV Infection

Jennifer Y. Liu, S. Buchbinder, S. Holmberg, 1992, Annals of Internal Medicine.

Confronting the emerging epidemic of HCV infection among young injection drug users.

D. Holtzman, W. Compton, R. Valdiserri, 2014, American journal of public health.

Evolving epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in the United States.

S. Holmberg, R. Klevens, R. Jiles, 2012, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection in the United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003 to 2010

J. Ward, S. Holmberg, M. Denniston, 2014, Annals of Internal Medicine.

Hepatitis C Virus Infection Among Reproductive-Aged Women and Children in the United States, 2006 to 2014

S. Holmberg, R. Pesano, E. Teshale, 2017, Annals of Internal Medicine.

EstimatingtheNumberofPatientsInfectedWithChronic HCVintheUnitedStatesWhoMeetHighestor High-PriorityTreatmentCriteria

S. Holmberg, Fujie Xu, A. Leidner, 2015 .

Limited Access to New Hepatitis C Virus Treatment Under State Medicaid Programs

S. Holmberg, R. Klevens, L. Canary, 2015, Annals of Internal Medicine.

Estimating the Number of Patients Infected With Chronic HCV in the United States Who Meet Highest or High-Priority Treatment Criteria.

S. Holmberg, Fujie Xu, A. Leidner, 2015, American journal of public health.

Trends in HCV RNA testing among HCV antibody-positive persons in care, 2003-2010.

A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, J. Boscarino, 2014, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Hepatitis B and C virus infection among 1.2 million persons with access to care: factors associated with testing and infection prevalence.

A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, M. Denniston, 2012, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Hepatitis C in the United States.

A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, M. Denniston, 2013, The New England journal of medicine.

Prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in U.S. households: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1988‐2012

S. Holmberg, D. Kruszon-Moran, H. Roberts, 2016, Hepatology.

Distribution of disease phase, treatment prescription and severe liver disease among 1598 patients with chronic hepatitis B in the Chronic Hepatitis Cohort Study, 2006–2013

A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, J. Xing, 2016, Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics.

Infrequent Clinical Assessment of Chronic Hepatitis B Patients in United States General Healthcare Settings.

A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, J. Xing, 2016, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Hepatitis B testing and access to care among racial and ethnic minorities in selected communities across the United States, 2009‐2010

J. Ward, S. Holmberg, J. Xing, 2013, Hepatology.

Reported reasons for testing among hepatitis B virus‐infected patients – Chronic Hepatitis Cohort Study (CHeCS), United States, 2006–2010

A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, Fujie Xu, 2014, Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver.

A Point System to Forecast Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk Before and After Treatment Among Persons with Chronic Hepatitis C

A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, J. Xing, 2017, Digestive Diseases and Sciences.

The Burden of Hepatitis C Infection-Related Liver Fibrosis in the United States.

J. Ward, A. E. Yeo, S. Holmberg, 2016, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Racial Disparities in the Proportion of Current, Unresolved Hepatitis C Virus Infections in the United States, 2003–2010

S. Holmberg, S. Kamili, Fujie Xu, 2014, Digestive Diseases and Sciences.

HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) PATIENTS IN A LARGE U.S. COHORT

A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, J. Boscarino, 2013 .

Noninvasive serum fibrosis markers for screening and staging chronic hepatitis C virus patients in a large US cohort.

A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, J. Boscarino, 2013, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Baseline characteristics and mortality among people in care for chronic viral hepatitis: the chronic hepatitis cohort study.

J. Ward, A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, 2013, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

The Increasing Burden of Mortality From Viral Hepatitis in the United States Between 1999 and 2007

R. Monina Klevens, Jian Xing, John W. Ward, 2012, Annals of Internal Medicine.

Higher all‐cause hospitalization among patients with chronic hepatitis C: the Chronic Hepatitis Cohort Study (CHeCS), 2006–2013

A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, J. Xing, 2016, Journal of viral hepatitis.

Toward a more accurate estimate of the prevalence of hepatitis C in the United States

S. Holmberg, B. Edlin, T. Swan, 2015, Hepatology.

Causes of death and characteristics of decedents with viral hepatitis, United States, 2010.

S. Holmberg, J. Xing, R. Klevens, 2014, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Mortality Among Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: The Chronic Hepatitis Cohort Study (CHeCS)

Kuan-Han H Wu, Yuna Zhong, A. Moorman, 2018, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Reply to "Younger age at cancer diagnosis may be driven by age structure of the HCV population".

S. Holmberg, Robert D Allison, 2016, Journal of hepatology.

Combination antiretroviral therapy and incidence of AIDS-related malignancies.

E. Vittinghoff, S. Buchbinder, S. Holmberg, 1999, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

Late diagnosis of hepatitis C virus infection in the Chronic Hepatitis Cohort Study (CHeCS): Missed opportunities for intervention

A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, J. Xing, 2015, Hepatology.

Hepatitis delta: seek and ye shall find.

J. Ward, S. Holmberg, 2010, The Journal of infectious diseases.

Concordance of polymerase chain reaction with human immunodeficiency virus antibody detection.

J. Ward, S. Holmberg, K. Mayer, 1990, The Journal of infectious diseases.

Epidemiologic characteristics of blood donors with antibody to human immunodeficiency virus

J. Ward, S. Holmberg, A. Grindon, 1988, Transfusion.

Transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from a seronegative organ and tissue donor.

S. Holmberg, K. Castro, R. Hurwitz, 1992, The New England journal of medicine.

Health and economic impacts of antimicrobial resistance.

S. Solomon, S. Holmberg, P. Blake, 1987, Reviews of infectious diseases.

Testing for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 2 in the United States.

T. O'Brien, S. Holmberg, J. Epstein, 1992, MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports.

Hepatitis a epidemiology goes global.

S. Holmberg, 2012, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Completeness of Reporting of Chronic Hepatitis B and C Virus Infections — Michigan, 1995–2008

A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, M. Klevens, 2013, MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report.

The relation between nitrite inhalants, unprotected receptive anal intercourse, and the risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection.

S. Holmberg, K. Mayer, C. Horsburgh, 1992, American journal of epidemiology.

Comparison of clinical manifestations of HIV infection among women by risk group, CD4+ cell count, and HIV-1 plasma viral load. HER Study Group. HIV Epidemiology Research.

D. Vlahov, S. Holmberg, H. Farzadegan, 1999, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes and human retrovirology : official publication of the International Retrovirology Association.

HIV and Hepatitis Infection and Risk Behavior in Young Gay and Bisexual Men

S. Holmberg, C. Wold, W. Lenderking, 2006 .

Prevalence of Renal Impairment and Associated Conditions Among HCV-Infected Persons in the Chronic Hepatitis Cohort Study (CHeCS)

A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, J. Boscarino, 2016, Digestive Diseases and Sciences.

Plesiomonas enteric infections in the United States.

S. Holmberg, P. Blake, I. Wachsmuth, 1986, Annals of internal medicine.

Possible cofactors for the development of AIDS-related neoplasms.

S. Holmberg, 1989, Cancer detection and prevention.

Adherence to antiretroviral medications in an inner-city population.

S. Holmberg, K. Irwin, P. Weidle, 1999, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

Aeromonas hydrophila and Plesiomonas shigelloides as causes of intestinal infections.

S. Holmberg, J. J. Farmer, 1984, Reviews of infectious diseases.

Drug-resistant Salmonella species from animals fed antimicrobics

S. Holmberg, 1986 .

Animal-to-man transmission of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella: investigations of U.S. outbreaks, 1971-1983.

M. L. Cohen, J. Wells, S. Holmberg, 1984, Science.

Transmission of AIDS from blood screened negative for antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus.

S. Holmberg, L. Conley, 1992, The New England journal of medicine.

Herpes zoster and human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Jennifer Y. Liu, S. Buchbinder, S. Holmberg, 1992, The Journal of infectious diseases.

Outbreak of hepatitis A in the USA associated with frozen pomegranate arils imported from Turkey: an epidemiological case study.

Noele P. Nelson, Fujie Xu, Anil Suryaprasad, 2014, The Lancet. Infectious diseases.

Use of the Serologic Testing Algorithm for Recent HIV Seroconversion (STARHS) to Identify Recently Acquired HIV Infections in Men With Early Syphilis in Los Angeles County

Lisa V. Smith, J. Klausner, K. Buchacz, 2005, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

Recent infection with human immunodeficiency virus and possible rapid loss of CD4 T lymphocytes.

D. Vlahov, S. Holmberg, S. Luby, 1995, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes and human retrovirology : official publication of the International Retrovirology Association.

Changes in HIV and AIDS epidemiology from new generation antiretroviral therapy.

S. Holmberg, P. Weidle, K. Decock, 1999, AIDS.

Prevention of HIV infection in street-recruited injection drug users. The Collaborative Injection Drug User Study (CIDUS).

D. Vlahov, S. Holmberg, P. Kerndt, 2000 .

Epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus-associated opportunistic infections in the United States in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy.

M. Lindegren, S. Holmberg, Jeffrey L. Jones, 2000, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Evidence of person-to-person transmission of hepatitis E virus during a large outbreak in Northern Uganda.

S. Holmberg, V. Barry, V. Hill, 2010, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

The two faces of hepatitis E virus.

S. Holmberg, E. Teshale, D. Hu, 2010, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

APRI and FIB‐4 are good predictors of the stage of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B: the Chronic Hepatitis Cohort Study (CHeCS)

A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, J. Boscarino, 2014, Journal of viral hepatitis.

Discordance at human leukocyte antigen-DRB3 and protection from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission.

T. Hodge, K. Buchacz, S. Holmberg, 2002, The Journal of infectious diseases.

HERPESVIRUSES AS CO-FACTORS IN AIDS

S. Holmberg, A. Nahmias, A. Gerber, 1988, The Lancet.

Transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by blood transfusions screened as negative for HIV antibody.

J. Ward, S. Holmberg, O. Ravenholt, 1988, The New England journal of medicine.

Transmission of HIV by blood transfusion.

D. Ho, P. Francioli, S. Kleinman, 1988, The New England journal of medicine.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 infection in the United States. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and public health implications.

T. O'Brien, S. Holmberg, J. R. George, 1992, JAMA.

Is sexual contact a major mode of hepatitis C virus transmission?

S. Holmberg, R. Tohme, Scott D Holmberg, 2010, Hepatology.

Sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus among HIV-infected men who have sex with men--New York City, 2005-2010.

Atlanta, B. Rimer, T. Frieden, 2011, MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report.

Molecular epidemiology of health care-associated transmission of hepatitis B and C viruses.

S. Holmberg, 2010, Clinics in liver disease.

Transmission of hepatitis C virus infection through tattooing and piercing: a critical review.

S. Holmberg, R. Tohme, 2012, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Testing for HCV Infection: An Update of Guidance for Clinicians and Laboratorians

J. Ward, B. Branson, M. Pandori, 2013, MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report.

Updated CDC recommendations for the management of hepatitis B virus-infected health-care providers and students.

J. Ward, S. Holmberg, A. Suryaprasad, 2012, MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports.

Prognostic indicators for AIDS and infectious disease death in HIV-infected injection drug users: plasma viral load and CD4+ cell count.

J. Margolick, D. Vlahov, J. Bartlett, 1998, JAMA.

Insemination of HIV-negative women with processed semen of HIV-positive partners

S. Holmberg, B. Edlin, 1993, The Lancet.

Treatment options for vulvovaginal candidiasis, 1993.

W. Levine, S. Holmberg, J. Sobel, 1995, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection prior to onset of Kaposi's sarcoma

D R Hoover, L. Kingsley, S. Holmberg, 1996, AIDS.

Unexplained opportunistic infections and CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia without HIV infection. An investigation of cases in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control Idiopathic CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia Task Force.

S. Holmberg, J. Neal, D. Smith, 1993, The New England journal of medicine.

Design and baseline participant characteristics of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemiology Research (HER) Study: a prospective cohort study of human immunodeficiency virus infection in US women.

D. Vlahov, S. Holmberg, M. Stein, 1997, American journal of epidemiology.

The association of clinical conditions and serologic tests with CD4+ lymphocyte counts in HIV-infected subjects without AIDS.

S. Buchbinder, S. Holmberg, N. Hessol, 1991, AIDS.

Mortality in the Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Era: Changing Causes of Death and Disease in the HIV Outpatient Study

John T Brooks, J. Chmiel, A. Moorman, 2006, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

Biologic factors in the sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus.

J. Ward, S. Holmberg, H. Jaffe, 1989, The Journal of infectious diseases.

Comparison of plasmid profile analysis, phage typing, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing in characterizing Salmonella typhimurium isolates from outbreaks

S. Holmberg, K. Wachsmuth, I. Wachsmuth, 1984, Journal of clinical microbiology.

Possible effectiveness of clarithromycin and rifabutin for cryptosporidiosis chemoprophylaxis in HIV disease. HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS) Investigators.

D. Ward, A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, 1998, JAMA.

Guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections among HIV-infected persons - 2002

Keiji Fukuda, Mark A. Jacobson, Cynthia L. Sears, 2002 .

Amphetamine use is associated with increased HIV incidence among men who have sex with men in San Francisco

J. Dilley, W. Mcfarland, J. Klausner, 2005, AIDS.

HIV-specific IgG in cervicovaginal secretions of exposed HIV-uninfected female sexual partners of HIV-infected men.

A. van der Straten, K. Buchacz, S. Holmberg, 2001, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

Incidence of types of cancer among HIV-infected persons compared with the general population in the United States, 1992-2003.

P. Sullivan, A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, 2008, Annals of internal medicine.

Short-term safety and tolerability of didanosine combined with high- versus low-dose tenofovir disproxil fumarate in ambulatory HIV-1-infected persons.

C. Armon, A. Moorman, K. Wood, 2006, AIDS patient care and STDs.

Genotypic distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) among acute cases of HBV infection, selected United States counties, 1999-2005.

D. Holtzman, J. Ward, S. Holmberg, 2011, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Hepatitis A and B vaccination practices for ambulatory patients infected with HIV.

A. Moorman, K. Wood, S. Holmberg, 2004, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Influence of coinfection with hepatitis C virus on morbidity and mortality due to human immunodeficiency virus infection in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy.

A. Moorman, K. Wood, S. Holmberg, 2003, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Clinical assessment of HIV-associated lipodystrophy in an ambulatory population

P. Rhodes, D. Ward, K. Lichtenstein, 2001, AIDS.

Is chronic hepatitis B being undertreated in the United States?

Joan M. Block, B. McMahon, S. Holmberg, 2011, Journal of viral hepatitis.

HIV infection in women in the United States: status at the Millennium.

S. Holmberg, S. Hader, J. Moore, 2001, JAMA.

Decline in hepatitis E virus antibody prevalence in the United States from 1988-1994 to 2009-2010.

S. Holmberg, M. Denniston, C. Teo, 2015, The Journal of infectious diseases.

Increased Body Mass Index Does Not Alter Response to Initial Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-1-Infected Patients

K. Buchacz, A. Moorman, K. Wood, 2006, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

Presence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1, group M, non-B subtypes, Bronx, New York: a sentinel site for monitoring HIV genetic diversity in the United States.

S. Holmberg, D. Pieniążek, R. Lal, 2000, The Journal of infectious diseases.

How many pills do patients with HIV infection take?

A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, J. V. Von Bargen, 1998, JAMA.

Increased incidence of cancer and cancer-related mortality among persons with chronic hepatitis C infection, 2006-2010.

Loralee Rupp, Xin Tong, Fujie Xu, 2015, Journal of hepatology.

220 – Hepatitis C Virus

D. Holtzman, S. Holmberg, M. Collier, 2012 .

Hepatitis E Epidemic, Uganda

J. Ward, S. Holmberg, J. Tappero, 2010, Emerging infectious diseases.

Survival Benefit of Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Infected Persons in Different CD4+ Cell Strata

Maria Deloria-Knoll, Alan Greenberg, Scott Holmberg, 2003, Annals of Internal Medicine.

Temporal trends of opportunistic infections and malignancies in homosexual men with AIDS.

S. Buchbinder, S. Holmberg, M. Katz, 1994, The Journal of infectious diseases.

Long‐term HIV‐1 infection without immunologic progression

S. Buchbinder, S. Holmberg, N. Hessol, 1994, AIDS.

Violence Among Women with or at Risk for HIV Infection

D. Vlahov, S. Holmberg, S. Zierler, 1998, AIDS and Behavior.

Intersecting epidemics--crack cocaine use and HIV infection among inner-city young adults. Multicenter Crack Cocaine and HIV Infection Study Team.

S. Holmberg, C. Word, C. Mccoy, 1994, The New England journal of medicine.

Trends in Primary and Secondary Syphilis and HIV Infections in Men Who Have Sex with Men–San Francisco and Los Angeles, 1998-2002:

S. Holmberg, 2004 .

Efficacy of a brief case management intervention to link recently diagnosed HIV-infected persons to care

S. Holmberg, L. Gardner, L. Metsch, 2005, AIDS.

The acceptability of voluntary HIV antibody testing in the United States: a decade of lessons learned

R. Valdiserri, S. Holmberg, K. Irwin, 1996, AIDS.

Emerging epidemic of hepatitis C virus infections among young nonurban persons who inject drugs in the United States, 2006-2012.

Janet J. Hamilton, J. Ward, S. Holmberg, 2014, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Chapter 5 – Other Infectious Diseases Related to Travel

Theresa L. Smith, R. Fagan, S. Holmberg, 2009 .

CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts among seronegative heterosexual partners of persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

T. O'Brien, S. Holmberg, C. Polan, 1993, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

A Multicenter Study of Bacterial Vaginosis in Women With or at Risk for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

S. Holmberg, J. Sobel, K. Mayer, 2001, Infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology.

Detection of Acute HIV Infections in High-Risk Patients in California

Pragna Patel, Jeffrey D Klausner, R. Kohn, 2006, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

The estimated prevalence and incidence of HIV in 96 large US metropolitan areas.

S. Holmberg, S D Holmberg, 1996, American journal of public health.

HIV prevalence estimates and AIDS case projections for the United States: report based upon a workshop.

W. Blattner, M. Gwinn, S. Vermund, 1990, MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports.

Adherence to antiretroviral medications in an inner-city population.

S. Holmberg, K. Irwin, P. Weidle, 1999, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

Mortality among persons in care with hepatitis C virus infection: the Chronic Hepatitis Cohort Study (CHeCS), 2006-2010.

A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, J. Xing, 2014, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

The study to understand the natural history of HIV and AIDS in the era of effective therapy (SUN Study).

K. Wood, S. Holmberg, J. Brooks, 2008, American journal of epidemiology.

Discontinuation of Chemoprophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia in Patients with HIV Infection

A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, B. Yangco, 2000, Annals of Internal Medicine.

Durability and predictors of success of highly active antiretroviral therapy for ambulatory HIV-infected patients

J. Chmiel, A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, 2002, AIDS.

Factors associated with maintenance of long-term plasma human immunodeficiency virus RNA suppression.

A. Moorman, K. Wood, S. Holmberg, 2003, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Long-term human immunodeficiency virus infection in asymptomatic homosexual and bisexual men with normal CD4+ lymphocyte counts: immunologic and virologic characteristics.

S. Buchbinder, H. Sheppard, S. Holmberg, 1991, The Journal of infectious diseases.

Rates of hospitalizations and associated diagnoses in a large multisite cohort of HIV patients in the United States, 1994–2005

K. Buchacz, A. Moorman, K. Wood, 2008, AIDS.

Cost‐effectiveness of hepatitis C treatment for patients in early stages of liver disease

J. Ward, S. Holmberg, H. Chesson, 2015, Hepatology.

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia incidence and chemoprophylaxis failure in ambulatory HIV-infected patients

A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, F. Palella, 1998 .

Rising Mortality Associated With Hepatitis C Virus in the United States, 2003-2013.

S. Holmberg, R. Jiles, Elizabeth M Hughes, 2016, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Protease inhibitors and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with HIV-1

John M Williamson, R. Janssen, D. Ward, 2002, The Lancet.

Incidence of and Risk Factors for Lipoatrophy (Abnormal Fat Loss) in Ambulatory HIV-1-Infected Patients

D. Ward, K. Lichtenstein, C. Armon, 2003, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

A 7-year longitudinal analysis of IL-2 in patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy.

K. Lichtenstein, C. Armon, A. Moorman, 2004, AIDS.

Protease Inhibitor Combination Therapy and Decreased Condom Use Among Gay Men

E. Funkhouser, S. Vermund, S. Holmberg, 2002, Southern medical journal.

Low CD4+ T cell count is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease events in the HIV outpatient study.

J. Chmiel, K. Lichtenstein, C. Armon, 2010, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus Through Transplanted Organs and Tissue – Kentucky and Massachusetts, 2011

S. Holmberg, Y. Khudyakov, M. Kuehnert, 2011, MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report.

Potential transmission of viral hepatitis through use of stored blood vessels as conduits in organ transplantation--Pennsylvania, 2009.

V. Dato, S. Holmberg, A. Humar, 2011, MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report.

Prevention of HIV Infection in Street‐Recruited Injection Drug Users

D. Vlahov, D. D. Des Jarlais, S. Holmberg, 2000, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

Vibrio fluvialis and Vibrio furnissii isolated from a stool sample of one patient

A. Steigerwalt, S. Holmberg, D. J. Brenner, 1984, Journal of clinical microbiology.

Circuit parties: Sexual behaviors and HIV disclosure practices among men who have sex with men at the White Party, Palm Springs, California, 2003

S. Holmberg, P. Kerndt, J. Montoya, 2006, AIDS care.

Changing conditions and treatments in a dynamic cohort of ambulatory HIV patients: the HIV outpatient study (HOPS).

D. Ward, A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, 1999, Annals of epidemiology.

Rates and Risk Factors for Condition‐Specific Hospitalizations in HIV‐Infected and Uninfected Women

K. Tashima, L. Szczech, S. Holmberg, 2003, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

HIV transmission among black college student and non-student men who have sex with men--North Carolina, 2003.

S. Holmberg, L. Fitzpatrick, R. Stall, 2003, MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report.

Modification of the incidence of drug-associated symmetrical peripheral neuropathy by host and disease factors in the HIV outpatient study cohort.

K. Lichtenstein, C. Armon, A. Moorman, 2005, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Staphylococcal food poisoning in the United States. New facts and old misconceptions.

S. Holmberg, P. Blake, 1984, JAMA.

Factors associated with the successful modification of antiretroviral therapy

K. Lichtenstein, A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, 2000 .

The case for earlier treatment of HIV infection.

Diane V Havlir, D. Havlir, K. Lichtenstein, 2004, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

HIV and syphilis testing among men who have sex with men attending sex clubs and adult bookstores--San Francisco, 2003.

C. Kent, J. Klausner, K. Buchacz, 2004, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

Locations and Reasons for Initial Testing for Hepatitis C Infection — Chronic Hepatitis Cohort Study, United States, 2006–2010

A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, J. Boscarino, 2013, MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report.

Errors in reporting seropositivity for infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

S. Holmberg, R. Byers, G. Seage, 1988, Annals of internal medicine.

Comparison of HIV infection risk behaviors among injection drug users from East and West Coast US cities

D. Vlahov, R. Garfein, S. Holmberg, 2004, Journal of Urban Health.

Does zidovudine delay development of AIDS? Analysis of data from observational cohorts

S. Holmberg, RobertH. Byers, 1993, The Lancet.

All-Cause Mortality and Progression Risks to Hepatic Decompensation and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients Infected With Hepatitis C Virus.

Robert E. Smith, A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, 2016, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Hepatitis C virus infections from unsafe injection practices at an endoscopy clinic in Las Vegas, Nevada, 2007-2008.

P. Patel, S. Holmberg, Y. Khudyakov, 2010, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Mortality rates and causes of death in a cohort of HIV-infected and uninfected women, 1993–1999

S. Holmberg, L. Gardner, R. Klein, 2003, Journal of Urban Health.

Estimating acute viral hepatitis infections from nationally reported cases.

S. Holmberg, R. Klevens, H. Roberts, 2014, American journal of public health.

Migration patterns following HIV diagnosis among adults residing in the nonurban Deep South

E. Funkhouser, S. Vermund, J. Roseman, 2006, AIDS care.

Hepatitis C testing, infection, and linkage to care among racial and ethnic minorities in the United States, 2009-2010.

S. Holmberg, J. Xing, Y. Liao, 2013, American journal of public health.

Sentinel surveillance for HIV-2 infection in high-risk US populations.

T. O'Brien, S. Holmberg, I. Onorato, 1993, American journal of public health.

USPHS/IDSA Guidelines for the Prevention of Opportunistic Infections in Persons Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Summary

David R. Holtgrave, K. Sepkowitz, S. Dowell, 1996, Annals of Internal Medicine.

HIV-2 infection in an American.

T. O'Brien, S. Holmberg, M. Rayfield, 1991, AIDS.

Transmission of HIV possibly associated with exposure of mucous membrane to contaminated blood.

S. Holmberg, 1997, MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report.

Awareness of Infection and Medical Follow-Up Among persons Testing Positive for Hepatitis C Virus — National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001‒2014

S. Holmberg, R. Jiles, L. Barker, 2016 .

Long-Term Liver Disease, Treatment, and Mortality Outcomes Among 17,000 Persons Diagnosed with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection: Current Chronic Hepatitis Cohort Study Status and Review of Findings.

Yuna Zhong, A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, 2018, Infectious disease clinics of North America.

Predictors of poor mental and physical health status among patients with chronic hepatitis C infection: The Chronic Hepatitis Cohort Study (CHeCS)

A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, J. Boscarino, 2015, Hepatology.

Cluster of HIV-infected adolescents and young adults--Mississippi, 1999.

S. Holmberg, 2000, MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report.

Assessing the Effect of Potential Reductions in Non-Hepatic Mortality on the Estimated Cost-Effectiveness of Hepatitis C Treatment in Early Stages of Liver Disease

S. Holmberg, H. Chesson, A. Leidner, 2017, Applied Health Economics and Health Policy.

A Multicenter Study of Bacterial Vaginosis in Women with or at Risk for HIV Infection

S. Holmberg, J. Sobel, K. Mayer, 2002 .

Hepatitis C Virus Infection Among Adolescents and Young Adults—Massachusetts, 2002–2009

D. Holtzman, J. Ward, S. Holmberg, 2011, American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons.

Frequency of and Factors Associated with Receipt of Liver-Related Specialty Care Among Patients with Hepatitis C in the Chronic Hepatitis Cohort Study

A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, J. Xing, 2016, Digestive Diseases and Sciences.

Molecular analysis in support of an investigation of a cluster of HIV-1-infected women.

Marcia L Kalish, S. Holmberg, M. Kalish, 2002, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

Using the Internet for partner notification of sexually transmitted diseases--Los Angeles County, California, 2003.

S. Holmberg, P. Kerndt, P. Patel, 2004, MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report.

Trends in Diagnosed Chronic Hepatitis B in a US Health System Population, 2006–2015

A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, J. Boscarino, 2019, Open forum infectious diseases.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance in a Cohort of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Patients with Cirrhosis

A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, J. Boscarino, 2019, Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer.

Hepatitis C treatment failure is associated with increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma

A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, J. Boscarino, 2016, Journal of viral hepatitis.

Prevalence and clinical correlates of HIV viremia (`blips') in patients with previous suppression below the limits of quantification

D. Ward, A. Moorman, K. Wood, 2002, AIDS.

Impact of sustained virologic response on risk of type 2 diabetes among hepatitis C patients in the United States

Yuna Zhong, A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, 2018, Journal of viral hepatitis.

Sustained virological response to hepatitis C treatment decreases the incidence of complications associated with type 2 diabetes

A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, J. Boscarino, 2019, Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics.

Use of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV‐Infected Women: Impact of HIV Specialist Care

S. Holmberg, L. Gardner, K. Mayer, 2002, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

J. Chmiel, A. Moorman, K. Wood, 2004, AIDS patient care and STDs.

Hepatitis E vaccine: not a moment too soon

S. Holmberg, 2010, The Lancet.

Race, Age, and Geography Impact Hepatitis C Genotype Distribution in the United States

A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, J. Boscarino, 2017, Journal of clinical gastroenterology.

Changing Conditions and Therapies of Ambulatory HIV-Infected Patients: The HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS)

D. Ward, A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, 1999 .

Health services use by urban women with or at risk for HIV-1 infection: the HIV Epidemiology Research Study (HERS).

S. Holmberg, M. Stein, N. Graham, 1998, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes and human retrovirology : official publication of the International Retrovirology Association.

Frequency of discussing HIV prevention and care topics with patients with HIV: influence of physician gender, race/ethnicity, and practice characteristics.

C. del Rio, S. Holmberg, L. Gardner, 2008, Gender medicine.

Table 1. Interval in Days of Occurrence of Symptoms (Jaundice) between First and Subsequent Cases of Hepatitis E Virus Infection

S. Holmberg, E. Teshale, D. Hu, 2010 .

Hepatitis E as a cause of acute jaundice syndrome in northern Uganda, 2010-2012.

Saleem Kamili, Stephen Liu, Fujie Xu, 2015, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

Serum Biomarkers Indicate Long-term Reduction in Liver Fibrosis in Patients With Sustained Virological Response to Treatment for HCV Infection.

A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, J. Boscarino, 2016, Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association.

Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Hepatitis C Virus Treatment in a Large Cohort of Hepatitis C-Infected Patients in the United States.

A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, J. Xing, 2018, Gastroenterology.

Comparison of ICD-9 Codes for Depression and Alcohol Misuse to Survey Instruments Suggests These Codes Should Be Used with Caution

Mei Lu, Anne C. Moorman, Yuna Zhong, 2017, Digestive Diseases and Sciences.

Trends in rates of myocardial infarction among patients with HIV.

A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, A. Greenberg, 2004, The New England journal of medicine.

Does Hepatitis C eradication lead to improved glucose metabolism, renal and cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic patients?

A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, J. Boscarino, 2017 .

HepatitisCTesting,Infection,andLinkagetoCare AmongRacialandEthnicMinoritiesintheUnitedStates, 2009-2010

S. Holmberg, J. Xing, Y. Liao, 2013 .

Declines in AIDS Incidence Associated with Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) Are Not Reflected in KS and Lymphoma Incidence.

E. Vittinghoff, S. Buchbinder, S. Holmberg, 1998 .

Long‐term progression of viral load and serum markers of fibrosis among treated and untreated patients with chronic hepatitis B

A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, J. Boscarino, 2017, Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology.

The spectrum of medical conditions and symptoms before acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in homosexual and bisexual men infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.

S. Buchbinder, S. Holmberg, M. Katz, 1995, American journal of epidemiology.

Use of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV‐Infected Women: Impact of HIV Specialist Care

S. Holmberg, L. Gardner, K. Mayer, 2002, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

An outbreak of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among hospitalized patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

J. T. Crawford, S. Holmberg, K. Castro, 1992, The New England journal of medicine.

Course of HIV-I infection in a cohort of homosexual and bisexual men: an 11 year follow up study.

G. Rutherford, S. Buchbinder, W. Darrow, 1990, BMJ.

HIV/AIDS in nonurban Alabama: risk activities and access to services among HIV-infected persons.

S. Vermund, S. Holmberg, J. Beltrami, 1999, Southern medical journal (Birmingham, Ala. Print).

Opportunities to Improve Prevention and Services for HIV‐Infected Women in Nonurban Alabama and Mississippi

S. Vermund, S. Holmberg, T. Moon, 2001, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

High-risk sex behavior among young street-recruited crack cocaine smokers in three American cities: an interim report. The Multicenter Crack Cocaine and HIV Infection Study Team.

S. Holmberg, C. Word, C. Mccoy, 1992, Journal of psychoactive drugs.

The natural history of transfusion-associated infection with human immunodeficiency virus. Factors influencing the rate of progression to disease.

G. Rutherford, J. Ward, S. Holmberg, 1989, The New England journal of medicine.

The association between cigarette smoking and selected HIV‐related medical conditions

S. Buchbinder, S. Holmberg, F. Judson, 1996, AIDS.

Guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections among HIV-infected persons--2002. Recommendations of the U.S. Public Health Service and the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

David R. Holtgrave, M. Alter, J. Phair, 2002, Annals of internal medicine.

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia incidence and chemoprophylaxis failure in ambulatory HIV-infected patients. HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS) Investigators.

A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, F. Palella, 1998, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes and human retrovirology : official publication of the International Retrovirology Association.

Notes from the Field: Increase in Acute Hepatitis B Infections — Pasco County, Florida, 2011–2016

S. Holmberg, J. Matthias, A. Asher, 2018, MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report.

HIV seroconversion and oral intercourse.

S. Holmberg, H. Jaffe, H. Lane, 1991, American journal of public health.

Using influenza-like illness data to reconstruct an influenza outbreak

Laxminarayana Ganapathi, Philip C. Cooley, George Ghneim, 2008, Math. Comput. Model..

Changing trends in complications of chronic hepatitis C

A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, J. Boscarino, 2018, Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver.

The Predictive Value of International Classification of Disease Codes for Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection Surveillance: The Utility and Limitations of Electronic Health Records.

Yuna Zhong, A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, 2017, Population health management.

Prevalence of cirrhosis in hepatitis C patients in the Chronic Hepatitis Cohort Study (CHeCS): a retrospective and prospective observational study.

A. Moorman, S. Holmberg, J. Boscarino, 2015, The American journal of gastroenterology.