D. Birx

R. Redfield, D. Birx, S. Ratto, 1996, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes and human retrovirology : official publication of the International Retrovirology Association.

Measurement of cerebrospinal fluid antibody to the HIV-1 principal neutralizing determinant (V3 loop).

R. Redfield, D. Birx, C. Hendrix, 1993, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

The interference of T cell activation by calcium channel blocking agents.

D. Birx, T. Fleisher, M. Berger, 1984, Journal of immunology.

HyperPack: a software package for the study of levels, contexts, and patterns of APOBEC-mediated hypermutation in HIV.

E. Sanders-Buell, M. Robb, D. Birx, 2007, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

Drug Resistance Patterns, Genetic Subtypes, Clinical Features, and Risk Factors in Military Personnel with HIV-1 Seroconversion

D. Richman, J. Mascola, D. Birx, 1999, Annals of Internal Medicine.

A phase I evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of vaccination with recombinant gp160 in patients with early human immunodeficiency virus infection. Military Medical Consortium for Applied Retroviral Research.

A Fowler, G Smith, R. Redfield, 1991, The New England journal of medicine.

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in HIV type 1-infected patients receiving VaxSyn, a recombinant gp160 envelope vaccine.

R. Redfield, D. Birx, N. Aronson, 1999, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

Repeated immunization with recombinant gp160 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope protein in early HIV-1 infection: evaluation of the T cell proliferative response.

R. Redfield, D. Birx, N. Aronson, 1999, The Journal of infectious diseases.

Proteosomes, emulsomes, and cholera toxin B improve nasal immunogenicity of human immunodeficiency virus gp160 in mice: induction of serum, intestinal, vaginal, and lung IgA and IgG.

R. Redfield, D. Birx, S. Amselem, 1997, The Journal of infectious diseases.

Expansion of restricted cellular immune responses to HIV‐1 envelope by vaccination: IL‐7 and IL‐12 differentially augment cellular proliferative responses to HIV‐1

R. Redfield, D. Burke, J. Loveland, 1997, Clinical and experimental immunology.

Consequences of stable transduction and antigen-inducible expression of the human interleukin-7 gene on tetanus-toxoid-specific T cells.

R. Redfield, D. Birx, S. Ratto, 1994, Human gene therapy.

Immunotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of HIV infection and AIDS.

R. Redfield, D. Birx, D. L. Birx, 1993, Current opinion in immunology.

Defective regulation of Epstein-Barr virus infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related disorders.

R. Redfield, D. Birx, G. Tosato, 1986, The New England journal of medicine.

Immunologic parameters in early-stage HIV-seropositive subjects associated with vaccine responsiveness.

R. Redfield, D. Burke, D. Birx, 1991, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

HIV-1 Vpr activates cell cycle inhibitor p21/Waf1/Cip1: a potential mechanism of G2/M cell cycle arrest.

Jerome H. Kim, Xiao-Fan Wang, M. Robb, 2003, Virology.

Induction of interleukin-6 during human immunodeficiency virus infection.

R. Redfield, D. Burke, D. Birx, 1990, Blood.

HIV vaccine trials for Africa.

D. Birx, E. Sandström, 2000, The AIDS reader.

Inclusion of a CRF01_AE HIV envelope protein boost with a DNA/MVA prime-boost vaccine: Impact on humoral and cellular immunogenicity and viral load reduction after SHIV-E challenge.

Jerome H. Kim, P. Earl, B. Moss, 2012, Vaccine.

Cross-clade neutralization patterns among HIV-1 strains from the six major clades of the pandemic evaluated and compared in two different models.

E. Sanders-Buell, M. Robb, D. Birx, 2008, Virology.

Human T‐cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax activates cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p21/Waf1/Cip1 expression through a p53‐independent mechanism: Inhibition of cdk2

Jerome H. Kim, Xiao-Fan Wang, M. Robb, 2003, International journal of cancer.

Detection and quantification of HIV type 1 RNA in nasopharyngeal washes from HIV-infected subjects.

M. Robb, D. Birx, M. de Souza, 2001, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

A comparative study of the impact of HIV infection on natural killer cell number and function in Thais and North Americans.

D. Birx, S. Nitayaphan, M. de Souza, 2000, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

Use of Rapid and Conventional Testing Technologies for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Serologic Screening in a Rural Kenyan Reference Laboratory

M. Robb, D. Birx, N. Michael, 2004, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

Executive summary and recommendations from the WHO/UNAIDS/IAVI expert group consultation on ‘Phase IIB-TOC trials as a novel strategy for evaluation of preventive HIV vaccines’, 31 January–2 February 2006, IAVI, New York, USA

H. Rees, S. Self, P. Kaleebu, 2007, AIDS.

MDG 6 and beyond: from halting and reversing AIDS to ending the epidemic

M. Dybul, D. Birx, M. Sidibé, 2014, The Lancet.

Safety and immunogenicity of multiple conventional immunizations administered during early HIV infection.

R. Redfield, D. Burke, D. Birx, 1991, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

Intravenous immune globulin therapy: Current clinical applications

D. Birx, R. Engler, 1991 .

Laboratory Systems and Services Are Critical in Global Health

D. Birx, P. Nsubuga, J. Nkengasong, 2010, American journal of clinical pathology.

Emergence of unique primate T-lymphotropic viruses among central African bushmeat hunters

W. Heneine, D. Burke, M. Lebreton, 2005, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

HIV vaccine therapy.

R. Redfield, D. Birx, 1991, International journal of immunopharmacology.

Exposure to Wild Primates among HIV-infected Persons

D. Burke, O. Yang, M. Lebreton, 2007, Emerging infectious diseases.

Molecular Evolution of the HIV-1 Thai Epidemic between the Time of RV144 Immunogen Selection to the Execution of the Vaccine Efficacy Trial

Jerome H. Kim, E. Sanders-Buell, M. Robb, 2013, Journal of Virology.

Association of interleukin-6 in the pathogenesis of acutely fatal SIVsmm/PBj-14 in pigtailed macaques.

R. Redfield, P. Jahrling, D. Birx, 1993, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

Safe administration of mumps-measles-rubella vaccine in egg-allergic children.

D. Birx, M. Greenberg, D. L. Birx, 1988, The Journal of pediatrics.

Presentation of HIV V3 loop epitopes for enhanced antigenicity, immunogenicity and diagnostic potential

S. Zolla-Pazner, M. Gorny, D. Birx, 1995, AIDS.

Efﬁcacy Testing of Recombinant Human Immunodeﬁciency Virus (HIV) gp160 as a Therapeutic Vaccine in Early-Stage HIV-1–Infected Volunteers

R. Redfield, C. Tacket, D. Birx, 2022 .

Gender, age, and ethnicity in HIV vaccine-related research and clinical trials: Report from a WHO–UNAIDS consultation, 26–28 August 2004. Lausanne, Switzerland

J. Fuchs, C. Obermeyer, J. Safrit, 2005, AIDS.

Serum levels of MIP-1beta and RANTES in HIV-1 subtype CRF01_AE infected patients with different rates of disease progression.

D. Birx, S. Nitayaphan, M. de Souza, 2008, The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health.

Frequency of CCR5 variants among rural populations with low HIV-1 prevalence in Cameroon

M. Carrington, D. Burke, U. Tamoufé, 2007, AIDS (London).

Epidemiologic and biologic characterization of a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 highly exposed, persistently seronegative female sex workers in northern Thailand. Chiang Mai HEPS Working Group.

M. Robb, D. Birx, C. Beyrer, 1999, The Journal of infectious diseases.

Epidemiologic and Biologic Characterization of a Cohort of Human Immunodeﬁciency Virus Type 1 Highly Exposed, Persistently Seronegative Female Sex Workers in Northern Thailand

M. Robb, D. Birx, C. Beyrer, 1998 .

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strains of subtypes B and E replicate in cutaneous dendritic cell-T-cell mixtures without displaying subtype-specific tropism

A. Trkola, J. Moore, D. Ho, 1997, Journal of virology.

Liposome‐stabilized oil‐in‐water emulsions as adjuvants: Increased emulsion stability promotes induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes against an HIV envelope antigen

D. Birx, G. Matyas, C. Alving, 2004, Immunology and cell biology.

Lack of induction of antibodies specific for conserved, discontinuous epitopes of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein by candidate AIDS vaccines.

R. Redfield, D. Burke, D. Birx, 1995, Journal of immunology.

Knowledge About Vaccines and Willingness to Participate in Preventive HIV Vaccine Trials: A Population-Based Study, Rakai, Uganda

N. Sewankambo, M. Robb, D. Birx, 2004, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

Human dendritic cells as targets of dengue virus infection.

J. Mascola, D. Birx, M. Louder, 2001, The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings.

Immunized with Oligomeric gp160 Respiratory Tracts of Mice Intranasally HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibodies in the Genital and

J. Mascola, D. Birx, C. Alving, 1998 .

Effects of adjuvants and multiple antigen peptides on humoral and cellular immune responses to gp160 of HIV-1.

R. Redfield, D. Birx, E. Sandström, 1993, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

Vaccine therapy using rgp 160 in early HIV infection.

R. Redfield, D. Birx, N. Ketter, 1992, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

United States Department of Defense HIV-1 Vaccine Development in Thailand

D. Birx, J. McNeil, M. Souza, 2004 .

Preparation of clinical-grade recombinant canarypox-human immunodeficiency virus vaccine-loaded human dendritic cells.

R. Steinman, J. Mascola, M. Robb, 2002, The Journal of infectious diseases.

Global health: Integrating national laboratory health systems and services in resource-limited settings

D. Birx, J. Nkengasong, G. Roscigno, 2011, African journal of laboratory medicine.

Laboratory challenges in the scaling up of HIV, TB, and malaria programs: The interaction of health and laboratory systems, clinical research, and service delivery.

D. Birx, M. de Souza, J. Nkengasong, 2009, American journal of clinical pathology.

Diversity of envelope glycoprotein from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 of recent seroconverters in Thailand.

J. Carr, M. Robb, D. Birx, 2000, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

Epidemiology of HIV-1 Infection in Agricultural Plantation Residents in Kericho, Kenya: Preparation for Vaccine Feasibility Studies

D. Birx, C. Bautista, M. Wasunna, 2006, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

Serum IgA-mediated neutralization of HIV type 1.

R. Redfield, D. Birx, V. Polonis, 1994, Journal of immunology.

Prevalences, Genotypes, and Risk Factors for HIV Transmission in South America

G. Sánchez, J. Carr, D. Birx, 2005, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

Realizing the potential of routine viral load testing in sub‐Saharan Africa

W. El-Sadr, D. Birx, J. Nkengasong, 2017, Journal of the International AIDS Society.

Advancing PMTCT Implementation Through Scientific Research: A Vital Agenda for Combating the Global AIDS Epidemic in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

R. Glass, D. Birx, 2016, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

Transcriptional effects of superinfection in HIV chronically infected T cells: studies in dually infected clones.

R. Redfield, D. Burke, D. Birx, 1996, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes and human retrovirology : official publication of the International Retrovirology Association.

Risk Factors for HIV-1 Infection in a Longitudinal, Prospective Cohort of Adults From the Mbeya Region, Tanzania

M. Hoelscher, M. Robb, D. Birx, 2011, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

Correlation between humoral responses to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope and disease progression in early-stage infection.

J. Mascola, R. Redfield, H. Sheppard, 1998, The Journal of infectious diseases.

Molecular Epidemiology of HIV in Asia and the Pacific

D. Birx, F. McCutchan, S. Tovanabutra, 2004 .

DC-SIGN (CD209) Mediates Dengue Virus Infection of Human Dendritic Cells

R. Steinman, D. Birx, M. Eller, 2003, The Journal of experimental medicine.

HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies in the genital and respiratory tracts of mice intranasally immunized with oligomeric gp160.

J. Mascola, D. Birx, C. Alving, 1998, Journal of immunology.

Protection of Macaques against Pathogenic Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus 89.6PD by Passive Transfer of Neutralizing Antibodies

J. Mascola, H. Katinger, M. Robb, 1999, Journal of Virology.

Biologic and Genetic Characterization of a Panel of 60 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates, Representing Clades A, B, C, D, CRF01_AE, and CRF02_AG, for the Development and Assessment of Candidate Vaccines

E. Sanders-Buell, D. Birx, F. McCutchan, 2005, Journal of Virology.

Precise mapping of recombination breakpoints suggests a common parent of two BC recombinant HIV type 1 strains circulating in China.

B. Hahn, J. Carr, D. Birx, 2002, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

A Phase 1/2 Comparative Vaccine Trial of the Safety and Immunogenicity of a CRF01_AE (Subtype E) Candidate Vaccine: ALVAC-HIV (vCP1521) Prime With Oligomeric gp160 (92TH023/LAI-DID) or Bivalent gp120 (CM235/SF2) Boost

Jerome H. Kim, D. Birx, R. Paris, 2007, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

Functional characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nef genes in patients with divergent rates of disease progression

H. Sheppard, D. Birx, N. Michael, 1995, Journal of virology.

Defective accessory genes in a human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected long-term survivor lacking recoverable virus

D. Birx, M. Busch, N. Michael, 1995, Journal of virology.

Comprehensive Screening for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype-Specific CD8 Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes and Definition of Degenerate Epitopes Restricted by HLA-A0207 and -CW0304 Alleles

D. Birx, J. Currier, J. Cox, 2002, Journal of Virology.

High prevalence of HIV infection among rural tea plantation residents in Kericho, Kenya

M. Robb, D. Birx, C. Bautista, 2007, Epidemiology and Infection.

Construction and biological characterization of infectious molecular clones of HIV-1 subtypes B and E (CRF01_AE) generated by the polymerase chain reaction.

J. Mascola, F. Mccutchan, M. Salminen, 2000, Virology.

Prevention of HIV in Adolescent Girls and Young Women: Key to an AIDS-Free Generation

D. Birx, C. Baxter, Q. Abdool Karim, 2017, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

Sequential Dysfunction and Progressive Depletion of Candida albicans-Specific CD4 T Cell Response in HIV-1 Infection

Jerome H. Kim, R. Redfield, M. Ferguson, 2016, PLoS pathogens.

The role of viral phenotype and CCR-5 gene defects in HIV-1 transmission and disease progression

J. Mascola, H. Sheppard, D. Birx, 1997, Nature Medicine.

Higher HIV-1 Incidence and Genetic Complexity Along Main Roads in Rakai District, Uganda

N. Sewankambo, M. Robb, D. Birx, 2006, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

Safety and Immunogenicity of a Randomized Phase 1 Prime-Boost Trial With ALVAC-HIV (vCP205) and Oligomeric Glycoprotein 160 From HIV-1 Strains MN and LAI-2 Adjuvanted in Alum or Polyphosphazene.

Jerome H. Kim, L. Jagodzinski, M. Robb, 2016, The Journal of infectious diseases.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 cellular RNA load and splicing patterns predict disease progression in a longitudinally studied cohort

R. Redfield, D. Burke, D. Birx, 1995, Journal of virology.

Immune reconstitution following autologous transfers of CD3/CD28 stimulated CD4(+) T cells to HIV-infected persons.

M. Connors, D. Birx, B. Levine, 2004, Clinical immunology.

Adoptive transfer of costimulated CD4+ T cells induces expansion of peripheral T cells and decreased CCR5 expression in HIV infection

D. Birx, B. Levine, C. June, 2002, Nature Medicine.

The Number and Complexity of Pure and Recombinant HIV-1 Strains Observed within Incident Infections during the HIV and Malaria Cohort Study Conducted in Kericho, Kenya, from 2003 to 2006

Jerome H. Kim, E. Sanders-Buell, M. Robb, 2015, PLoS ONE.

Trends in HIV Prevalence Among White and African-American Civilian Applicants for United States Military Service, 1985 to 2003

J. Carr, D. Birx, Jose L. Sanchez, 2006, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

Proliferative responses to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 peptides in HIV-1-infected individuals immunized with HIV-1 rgp120 or rgp160 compared with nonimmunized and uninfected controls.

M. Robb, D. Birx, A. Hodgkins, 1999, The Journal of infectious diseases.

Delayed-type hypersensitivity skin testing using third variable loop peptides identifies T lymphocyte epitopes in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons.

R. Redfield, D. Birx, S. Ratto-Kim, 1997, The Journal of infectious diseases.

HIV-1 genetic diversity and compartmentalization in mother/infant pairs infected with CRF01_AE

Merlin L Robb, Sodsai Tovanabutra, M. Robb, 2007, AIDS.

Evaluation of aldrithiol-2-inactivated preparations of HIV type 1 subtypes A, B, and D as reagents to monitor T cell responses.

J. Lifson, M. Robb, D. Birx, 2007, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

Reference Ranges for the Clinical Laboratory Derived from a Rural Population in Kericho, Kenya

M. Robb, D. Birx, M. de Souza, 2008, PloS one.

Critical role of developing national strategic plans as a guide to strengthen laboratory health systems in resource-poor settings.

John N Nkengasong, D. Birx, J. Nkengasong, 2009, American journal of clinical pathology.

Naturally acquired simian retrovirus infections in central African hunters

W. Heneine, D. Burke, U. Tamoufé, 2004, The Lancet.

Assessment of gag DNA and genomic RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in HIV-infected patients receiving intervention with a recombinant gp 160 subunit vaccine in a phase I study.

R. Redfield, D. Burke, D. Birx, 1994, AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses.

Use of Stored Serum from Uganda for Development and Evaluation of a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Testing Algorithm Involving Multiple Rapid Immunoassays

N. Sewankambo, M. Robb, D. Birx, 2005, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

Prospective analyses of HIV-1-specific proliferative responses, recall antigen proliferative responses, and clinical outcomes in an HIV-1-seropositive cohort.

Jerome H. Kim, R. Redfield, L. Jagodzinski, 2004, The Journal of infectious diseases.

Longitudinal study of humoral immune responses in HIV type 1 subtype CRF01_AE (E)-infected Thai patients with different rates of disease progression.

D. Birx, S. Nitayaphan, M. de Souza, 2003, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

Rapid disease progression without seroconversion following primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection--evidence for highly susceptible human hosts.

J. Mascola, D. Birx, M. Louder, 1997, The Journal of infectious diseases.

Comparison of serum and plasma viral RNA measurements in primary and chronic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection.

D. Birx, N. Michael, A. Artenstein, 1997, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes and human retrovirology : official publication of the International Retrovirology Association.

Diverse BF recombinants have spread widely since the introduction of HIV-1 into South America

J. Carr, D. Birx, F. McCutchan, 2001, AIDS.

Molecular Epidemiology of HIV Type 1 in Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Uruguay, and Argentina.

J. Carr, M. Hoelscher, M. Robb, 2002, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

Forty-one near full-length HIV-1 sequences from Kenya reveal an epidemic of subtype A and A-containing recombinants

U. Alam, J. Carr, W. Dowling, 2002, AIDS.

A phase 1/2 study of a multiclade HIV-1 DNA plasmid prime and recombinant adenovirus serotype 5 boost vaccine in HIV-Uninfected East Africans (RV 172).

M. Hoelscher, M. Robb, D. Birx, 2010, The Journal of infectious diseases.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Primary Isolate Neutralization Resistance Is Associated with the Syncytium-Inducing Phenotype and Lower CD4 Cell Counts in Subtype CRF01_AE-Infected Patients

M. Robb, D. Birx, S. Nitayaphan, 2003, Journal of Virology.

0304 Alleles W Epitopes Restricted by HLA-A0207 and -C Lymphocytes and Definition of Degenerate Subtype-Specific CD8 Cytotoxic T Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Comprehensive Screening for Human

D. Birx, J. Currier, J. Cox, 2014 .

In a mixed subtype epidemic, the HIV-1 Gag-specific T-cell response is biased towards the infecting subtype

C. Gray, M. Hoelscher, D. Birx, 2007, AIDS.

HLA-A and -B allele expression and ability to develop anti-Gag cross-clade responses in subtype C HIV-1-infected Ethiopians.

S. Osmanov, M. E. Harris, D. Birx, 2004, Human immunology.

Detection of high frequencies of HIV-1 cross-subtype reactive CD8 T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of HIV-1-infected Kenyans

U. Alam, J. Carr, W. Dowling, 2003, AIDS.

Cross-clade cytotoxic T cell response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 proteins among HLA disparate North Americans and Thais.

D. Birx, S. Nitayaphan, D. Mann, 1998, The Journal of infectious diseases.

A panel of MHC class I restricted viral peptides for use as a quality control for vaccine trial ELISPOT assays.

Sylvia Janetzki, Guido Ferrari, D. Birx, 2002, Journal of immunological methods.

HIV-1 recombinants with multiple parental strains in low-prevalence, remote regions of Cameroon: Evolutionary relics?

D. Burke, U. Tamoufé, N. Wolfe, 2010, Retrovirology.

Human skin Langerhans cells are targets of dengue virus infection

J. Mascola, M. Robb, D. Birx, 2000, Nature Medicine.

A new circulating recombinant form, CRF15_01B, reinforces the linkage between IDU and heterosexual epidemics in Thailand.

J. Carr, M. Robb, D. Birx, 2003, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

Among 46 near full length HIV type 1 genome sequences from Rakai District, Uganda, subtype D and AD recombinants predominate.

Noah Kiwanuka, Merlin L Robb, Tom Lutalo, 2002, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

HIV-1 MN Env 15-mer peptides better detect HIV-1 specific CD8 T cell responses compared with consensus subtypes B and M group 15-mer peptides

L. Jagodzinski, D. Birx, F. McCutchan, 2005, AIDS.

Immunodominance and cross-reactivity of B5703-restricted CD8 T lymphocytes from HIV type 1 subtype C-infected Ethiopians.

M. E. Harris, D. Birx, F. McCutchan, 2005, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

In-Depth Analysis of a Heterosexually Acquired Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Superinfection: Evolution, Temporal Fluctuation, and Intercompartment Dynamics from the Seronegative Window Period through 30 Months Postinfection

F. E. McCutchan, L. Jagodzinski, M. Hoelscher, 2005, Journal of Virology.

Normalization of antibody responsiveness in a patient with common variable hypogammaglobulinemia and HIV infection.

T. Waldmann, D. Birx, J. Wright, 1987, The New England journal of medicine.

Effect of human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 (HIV-1) subtype on disease progression in persons from Rakai, Uganda, with incident HIV-1 infection.

Oliver Laeyendecker, Noah Kiwanuka, Michael Eller, 2008, The Journal of infectious diseases.

Frequency of HIV type 1 dual infection and HIV diversity: analysis of low- and high-risk populations in Mbeya Region, Tanzania.

M. Hoelscher, D. Birx, F. McCutchan, 2006, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

Outbreak of a West African Recombinant of HIV-1 in Tashkent, Uzbekistan

N. Wolfe, J. Carr, D. Birx, 2005, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

The changing molecular epidemiology of HIV type 1 among northern Thai drug users, 1999 to 2002.

M. Robb, D. Birx, F. McCutchan, 2004, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

Dynamics of cell-free viral burden in HIV-1-infected patients.

D. Birx, N. Michael, G. Chang, 1997, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes and human retrovirology : official publication of the International Retrovirology Association.

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic responses in participants enrolled in a phase I/II ALVAC-HIV/AIDSVAX B/E prime-boost HIV-1 vaccine trial in Thailand.

D. Birx, P. Pitisuttithum, S. Nitayaphan, 2005, Vaccine.

Evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 env sequence variation in patients with diverse rates of disease progression and T-cell function

D. Birx, N. Michael, D. Mayers, 1997, Journal of virology.

Limited Protection from a Pathogenic Chimeric Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Challenge following Immunization with Attenuated Simian Immunodeficiency Virus

D. Birx, G. Eddy, T. Vancott, 1999, Journal of Virology.

Full-length genome analysis of HIV-1 subtype C utilizing CXCR4 and intersubtype recombinants isolated in South Africa.

W. Dowling, D. Birx, F. McCutchan, 2002, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

The World Health Organization African region laboratory accreditation process: improving the quality of laboratory systems in the African region.

Clement Zeh, John N Nkengasong, Tsehaynesh Messele, 2010, American journal of clinical pathology.

Major histocompatibility complex genotype is associated with disease progression and virus load levels in a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected Caucasians and African Americans.

D. Birx, N. Michael, D. Mann, 1998, The Journal of infectious diseases.

Major Histocompatibility Complex Genotype Is Associated with Disease Progression and Virus Load Levels in a Cohort of Human Immunodeﬁciency Virus Type 1–Infected Caucasians and African Americans

D. Birx, N. Michael, D. Mann, 1998 .

HLA class I diversity among rural rainforest inhabitants in Cameroon: identification of A*2612-B*4407 haplotype.

M. Carrington, D. Burke, U. Tamoufé, 2006, Tissue antigens.

HLA class I serotypes and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses among human immunodeficiency virus-1-uninfected Thai volunteers immunized with ALVAC-HIV in combination with monomeric gp120 or oligomeric gp160 protein boosting.

D. Birx, R. Paris, S. Gurunathan, 2004, Tissue antigens.

HIV-1 seroconversion in United States Army active duty personnel, 1985–1999

D. Birx, J. McNeil, W. Sateren, 2001, AIDS.

CTL epitope distribution patterns in the Gag and Nef proteins of HIV-1 from subtype A infected subjects in Kenya: Use of multiple peptide sets increases the detectable breadth of the CTL response

D. Birx, F. McCutchan, C. Mason, 2006, BMC Immunology.

Lost in translation: implications of HIV-1 codon usage for immune escape and drug resistance.

D. Birx, F. McCutchan, N. Michael, 2004, AIDS reviews.

HIV Incidence Trends Among White and African-American Active Duty United States Army Personnel (1986-2003)

D. Birx, Jose L. Sanchez, C. Bautista, 2006, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

Comparison Between Env-Specific T-Cell Epitopic Responses in HIV-1-Uninfected Adults Immunized with Combination of ALVAC-HIV(vCP205) Plus or Minus rgp160MN/LAI-2 and HIV-1-Infected Adults

Jerome H. Kim, D. Birx, R. El Habib, 2003, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

Mucosal immune responses in four distinct compartments of women infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1: a comparison by site and correlation with clinical information.

M. Robb, D. Birx, A. Artenstein, 1997, The Journal of infectious diseases.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 neutralizing antibody serotyping using serum pools and an infectivity reduction assay.

J. Mascola, D. Burke, J. Bradac, 1996, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

DC-SIGN ( CD 209 ) Mediates Dengue Virus Infection of Human Dendritic Cells

R. Steinman, D. Birx, M. Eller, 2003 .

Cellular immune assays for evaluation of vaccine efficacy in developing countries

D. Birx, G. Ferrari, K. Weinhold, 2002 .

Enhanced sensitivity of detection of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to HIV type 1 proteins using an extended in vitro stimulation period for measuring effector function in volunteers enrolled in an ALVAC-HIV phase I/II prime boost vaccine trial in Thailand.

D. Birx, M. de Souza, S. Gurunathan, 2004, AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses.

Cross-Subtype Neutralizing Antibodies Induced in Baboons by a Subtype E gp120 Immunogen Based on an R5 Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope

J. Mascola, M. Robb, D. Birx, 1999, Journal of Virology.

A cluster of HIV type 1 subtype C sequences from Ethiopia, observed in full genome analysis, is not sustained in subgenomic regions.

M. E. Harris, D. Birx, F. McCutchan, 2003, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

The AG recombinant IbNG and novel strains of group M HIV-1 are common in Cameroon.

D. Gotte, D. Burke, N. Wolfe, 2001, Virology.

Characterization of subtype A HIV-1 from Africa by full genome sequencing.

J. Carr, M. Salminen, E. Sanders-Buell, 1999, AIDS.

Full genome sequences of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtypes G and A/G intersubtype recombinants.

D. Gotte, J. Carr, M. Salminen, 1998, Virology.

HIV type 1 strains from East and West Africa are intermixed in Sudan.

J. Carr, D. Birx, F. McCutchan, 2002, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

DTH responsiveness of HIV-infected Thai adults.

D. Birx, S. Nitayaphan, A. Brown, 2000, Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet.

The prognostic utility of delayed-type hypersensitivity skin testing in the evaluation of HIV-infected patients. Military Medical Consortium for Applied Retroviral Research.

Laurie J. Smith, R. Redfield, D. Birx, 1993, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

Variable contexts and levels of hypermutation in HIV-1 proviral genomes recovered from primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Nelson L Michael, Merlin L Robb, Sodsai Tovanabutra, 2008, Virology.

The Protective Effect of Circumcision on HIV Incidence in Rural Low-Risk Men Circumcised Predominantly by Traditional Circumcisers in Kenya: Two-Year Follow-Up of the Kericho HIV Cohort Study

M. Robb, D. Birx, N. Michael, 2007, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

HIV-1 Incidence Rates and Risk Factors in Agricultural Workers and Dependents in Rural Kenya: 36-Month Follow-Up of the Kericho HIV Cohort Study

M. Robb, D. Birx, N. Michael, 2010, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

High proportion of unrelated HIV-1 intersubtype recombinants in the Mbeya region of southwest Tanzania

M. Hoelscher, D. Birx, F. McCutchan, 2001, AIDS.

In-Depth, Longitudinal Analysis of Viral Quasispecies from an Individual Triply Infected with Late-Stage Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1, Using a Multiple PCR Primer Approach

M. Hoelscher, E. Sanders-Buell, D. Birx, 2005, Journal of Virology.

Socio-demographic and drug use factors associated with HIV-1 recombinants and dual infections in Northern Thai drug users: associations of risk with genetic complexity.

F. Mccutchan, E. Sanders-Buell, M. Robb, 2011, Drug and alcohol dependence.

Characterization of a soluble, oligomeric HIV-1 gp160 protein as a potential immunogen.

D. Birx, T. Vancott, V. Kalyanaraman, 1995, Journal of immunological methods.

Dissociation rate of antibody-gp120 binding interactions is predictive of V3-mediated neutralization of HIV-1.

S. Zolla-Pazner, M. Gorny, R. Redfield, 1994, Journal of immunology.

Serotyping International HIV-1 Isolates by V3 Peptides and Whole GP160 Proteins Using BIAcore

J. Mascola, R. Redfield, D. Birx, 1994 .

Identification of CRF34_01B, a second circulating recombinant form unrelated to and more complex than CRF15_01B, among injecting drug users in northern Thailand.

E. Sanders-Buell, M. Robb, D. Birx, 2007, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

Characterization of complete HIV type 1 genomes from non-B subtype infections in U.S. military personnel.

J. Mascola, E. Sanders-Buell, D. Birx, 2005, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

Molecular epidemiology of HIV Type 1 in Ukraine: birthplace of an epidemic.

S. V. Antonenko, J. Carr, D. Birx, 2006, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

Distinguishing molecular forms of HIV-1 in Asia with a high-throughput, fluorescent genotyping assay, MHAbce v.2.

E. Sanders-Buell, M. Robb, D. Birx, 2007, Virology.

Molecular epidemiology of HIV Type 1 in preparation for a Phase III prime-boost vaccine trial in Thailand and a new approach to HIV Type 1 genotyping.

J. Carr, M. Robb, D. Birx, 2006, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

Heterosexually acquired CRF01_AE/B recombinant HIV type 1 found in Thailand.

J. Carr, D. Birx, F. McCutchan, 2002, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

First CRF01_AE/B recombinant of HIV-1 is found in Thailand.

J. Carr, E. Sanders-Buell, D. Birx, 2001, AIDS.

Putting quality at the heart of HIV programs

P. Barker, W. El-Sadr, D. Birx, 2015, AIDS.

Differential role of V3-specific antibodies in neutralization assays involving primary and laboratory-adapted isolates of HIV type 1.

D. Birx, N. Michael, V. Polonis, 1995, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

Long-term efficacy of routine access to antiretroviral-resistance testing in HIV type 1-infected patients: results of the clinical efficacy of resistance testing trial.

K. Hertogs, B. Larder, M. Wallace, 2004, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Design and evaluation of multi-gene, multi-clade HIV-1 MVA vaccines.

P. Earl, B. Moss, M. Robb, 2009, Vaccine.

The Vancouver Consensus: antiretroviral medicines, medical evidence, and political will

J. Montaner, M. Dybul, J. Lundgren, 2015, The Lancet.

Phase I Study of Safety and Immunogenicity of an Escherichia coli-Derived Recombinant Protective Antigen (rPA) Vaccine to Prevent Anthrax in Adults

M. Robb, D. Birx, B. Brown, 2010, PloS one.

Comparison of HIV-1 envelope-specific CD4+ T cell lines simultaneously established from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and lymph node biopsy in HIV-1-infected individuals.

J. Silver, D. Birx, D. Mann, 1997, Journal of immunology.

Neutralizing Antibodies from the Sera of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Individuals Bind to Monomeric gp120 and Oligomeric gp140

J. Mascola, D. Birx, M. Louder, 1998, Journal of Virology.

Efficacy testing of recombinant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) gp160 as a therapeutic vaccine in early-stage HIV-1-infected volunteers. rgp160 Phase II Vaccine Investigators.

R. Redfield, C. Tacket, D. Birx, 2000, The Journal of infectious diseases.

Circulating recombinant form CRF02_AG in South America.

J. Carr, D. Birx, K. Russell, 2003, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

A flow cytometric method for measuring neutralization of HIV-1 subtype B and E primary isolates.

D. Birx, V. Polonis, K. Pattanapanyasat, 2000, Cytometry.

Induction of Interleukin-6 During Human Immunodeficiency . G / ) Virus Infection 87 PP 7855

R. Redfield, D. Burke, D. Birx, 2022 .

Calcium requirements for increased complement receptor expression during neutrophil activation.

D. Birx, J. O’Shea, A. Cross, 1985, Journal of immunology.

Humoral responses to linear epitopes on the HIV-1 envelope in seropositive volunteers after vaccine therapy with rgp160.

R. Redfield, D. Burke, D. Birx, 1995, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes and human retrovirology : official publication of the International Retrovirology Association.

Antibodies with specificity to native gp120 and neutralization activity against primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates elicited by immunization with oligomeric gp160

J. Mascola, D. Birx, T. Vancott, 1997, Journal of virology.

Immunization of HIV-infected patients with rgp160: modulation of anti-rgp120 antibody spectrotype.

R. Redfield, D. Burke, D. Birx, 1994, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

A phase I/II trial of HIV SF2 gp120/MF59 vaccine in seronegative Thais.

J. Mascola, D. Birx, S. Nitayaphan, 2000 .

Development and application of a high-throughput HIV type 1 genotyping assay to identify CRF02_AG in West/West Central Africa.

Donald S Burke, Merlin L Robb, Eric Sanders-Buell, 2004, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

HIV Vaccine Trial Justified

D. Birx, J. McNeil, E. Tramont, 2004, Science.

Policy rebuttal. HIV vaccine trial justified.

D. Birx, J. McNeil, E. Tramont, 2004, Science.

Real-time biospecific interaction analysis of antibody reactivity to peptides from the envelope glycoprotein, gp160, of HIV-1.

R. Redfield, D. Birx, L. Loomis, 1992, Journal of immunological methods.

Short communication: HIV type 1 genetic diversity among tea plantation workers in Kericho, Kenya.

M. Robb, D. Birx, F. McCutchan, 2009, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

HIV-1 diversity and prevalence differ between urban and rural areas in the Mbeya region of Tanzania

M. Hoelscher, D. Birx, F. McCutchan, 2005, AIDS.

HIV type 1 subtypes among blood donors in the Mbeya region of southwest Tanzania.

M. Hoelscher, E. Sanders-Buell, D. Birx, 2004, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

Safety and immunogenicity of combinations of recombinant subtype E and B human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein 120 vaccines in healthy Thai adults.

Jerome H. Kim, D. Birx, P. Pitisuttithum, 2003, The Journal of infectious diseases.

HIV type 1 circulating recombinant form CRF09_cpx from west Africa combines subtypes A, F, G, and may share ancestors with CRF02_AG and Z321.

Sodsai Tovanabutra, D. Birx, F. McCutchan, 2004, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

Induction of HIV-specific functional immune responses by a multiclade HIV-1 DNA vaccine candidate in healthy Ugandans.

M. Robb, D. Birx, B. Graham, 2007, Vaccine.

Protection of macaques against vaginal transmission of a pathogenic HIV-1/SIV chimeric virus by passive infusion of neutralizing antibodies

J. Mascola, H. Katinger, D. Birx, 2000, Nature Medicine.

A phase I/II trial of HIV SF2 gp120/MF59 vaccine in seronegative thais.AFRIMS-RIHES Vaccine Evaluation Group. Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences and the Research Institute for Health Sciences.

J. Mascola, D. Birx, S. Nitayaphan, 2000, Vaccine.

HIV-specific vaccine therapy: concepts, status, and future directions.

R. Redfield, D. Birx, 1992, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

Immunostimulatory CpG motifs induce CTL responses to HIV type I oligomeric gp140 envelope protein

D. Birx, G. Matyas, C. Alving, 2004, Immunology and cell biology.

Linear epitope mapping of humoral responses induced by vaccination with recombinant HIV-1 envelope protein gp160

D. Birx, B. Wahrén, L. Loomis-Price, 1997, Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology.

HIV-1 Genetic Diversity Among Incident Infections in Mbeya, Tanzania

Jerome H. Kim, M. Hoelscher, E. Sanders-Buell, 2016, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

Acute deterioration of pulmonary function in cystic fibrosis illustrating the association of atopy and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis with the underlying disease.

D. Birx, R. Summers, M. Berger, 1984, Annals of allergy.

Specific antibody responses to vaccination with bivalent CM235/SF2 gp120: detection of homologous and heterologous neutralizing antibody to subtype E (CRF01.AE) HIV type 1.

Jerome H. Kim, J. Mascola, M. Robb, 2003, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

Preferential antibody recognition of structurally distinct HIV-1 gp120 molecules.

R. Redfield, D. Burke, D. Birx, 1994, Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes.

Identification of a novel clade of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in Democratic Republic of Congo.

B. Korber, P. Simmonds, J. Carr, 2002, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

HIV‐1 Infection Among Civilian Applicants for US Military Service, 1985 to 2000: Epidemiology and Geography

J. Carr, D. Birx, J. McNeil, 2003, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

Circulating and unique recombinant forms of HIV type 1 containing subsubtype A2.

W. Dowling, M. Robb, D. Birx, 2006, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to vaccinia virus antigens but not HIV-1 subtype E envelope protein seen in HIV-1 seronegative Thais.

D. Birx, P. Thongcharoen, P. Puthavathana, 2001, Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology.

Approaches to the development of broadly protective HIV vaccines: challenges posed by the genetic, biological and antigenic variability of HIV-1: Report* from a meeting of the WHO-UNAIDS Vaccine Advisory Committee** Geneva, 21–23 February 2000

Guido Ferrari, N. Nathanson, Donald S. Burke, 2001, AIDS.

Documentation of subtype C HIV Type 1 strains in Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay.

J. Carr, D. Birx, P. Blair, 2004, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

Vaccination with ALVAC and AIDSVAX to prevent HIV-1 infection in Thailand.

M. Robb, D. Birx, S. Rerks-Ngarm, 2009, The New England journal of medicine.

Vaccination with ALVAC and AIDSVAX to prevent HIV-1 infection in Thailand.

M. Robb, D. Birx, S. Rerks-Ngarm, 2009, The New England journal of medicine.

Dual infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 of distinct envelope subtypes in humans.

J. Mascola, J. Carr, E. Sanders-Buell, 1995, The Journal of infectious diseases.

Genetic characterization of HIV-1 strains circulating in Kazakhstan.

J. Carr, D. Birx, Jose L. Sanchez, 2007 .

A phase 1/2 study of a multiclade HIV-1 DNA plasmid prime and recombinant adenovirus serotype 5 boost vaccine in HIV-Uninfected East Africans (RV 172).

M. Hoelscher, M. Robb, D. Birx, 2010, The Journal of infectious diseases.

Quality matters in strengthening global laboratory medicine

D. Birx, J. Nkengasong, 2014, African journal of laboratory medicine.