Richard Graham Knowles

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Widespread tissue distribution, species distribution and changes in activity of Ca2+‐dependent and Ca2+‐independent nitric oxide synthases

M. Salter, Richard Graham Knowles, S. Moncada, 1991, FEBS letters.

Nitric oxide synthase activity in human breast cancer.

Richard Graham Knowles, S. Moncada, L. Thomsen, 1995, British Journal of Cancer.

Formation of nitric oxide from L-arginine in the central nervous system: a transduction mechanism for stimulation of the soluble guanylate cyclase.

Richard Graham Knowles, S. Moncada, M. Palacios, 1989, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

Nitric oxide synthases: structure, function and inhibition

C. Cooper, Richard Graham Knowles, W. Alderton, 2001 .

Induction of calcium-dependent nitric oxide synthases by sex hormones.

I. Charles, I. Lizasoain, Richard Graham Knowles, 1994, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

Nitric oxide synthases: structure, function and inhibition.

C. Cooper, Richard Graham Knowles, W. Alderton, 2001, The Biochemical journal.

Nitric oxide synthases in mammals.

S Moncada, Richard Graham Knowles, S. Moncada, 1994, The Biochemical journal.

Morse-clustering of a Topological Data Analysis Network Identifies Phenotypes of Asthma Based on Blood Gene Expression Profiles

Ioannis Pandis, Charles Auffray, Jeannette Bigler, 2019, bioRxiv.

“T2-high” in severe asthma related to blood eosinophil, exhaled nitric oxide and serum periostin

C. Auffray, P. Howarth, Yike Guo, 2019, European Respiratory Journal.

Metabolic control.

M. Salter, Richard Graham Knowles, C. I. Pogson, 1994, Essays in biochemistry.

GW274150, a novel and highly selective inhibitor of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), shows analgesic effects in rat models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain

Richard Graham Knowles, J. Alba, P. Colthup, 2006, Pain.

Selective iNOS inhibitor 1400W enhances anti-catabolic IL-10 and reduces destructive MMP-10 in OA cartilage. Survey of the effects of 1400W on inflammatory mediators produced by OA cartilage as detected by protein antibody array.

Richard Graham Knowles, K. Vuolteenaho, R. Nieminen, 2008, Clinical and experimental rheumatology.

A Sensitive Radiometric Assay for Tryptophan Hydroxylase Applicable to Crude Extracts

Richard Graham Knowles, C. I. Pogson, S. Beevers, 1983, Journal of neurochemistry.

THE role of indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase in the anti‐tumour activity of human interferon‐γ in vivo

Richard Graham Knowles, F. Balkwill, N. East, 1995 .

Measurement of glucuronidation by isolated rat liver cells using [14C]fructose.

Richard Graham Knowles, C. I. Pogson, J. Dawson, 1992, Biochemical pharmacology.

In Vitro Pharmacological Characterization of Vilanterol, a Novel Long-Acting β2-Adrenoceptor Agonist with 24-Hour Duration of Action

Richard Graham Knowles, R. Sturton, Valerie S. Morrison, 2013, The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.

The short term hormonal control of cytoplasmic protein phosphorylation in hepatocytes from fed rats.

Richard Graham Knowles, D. Hems, 1983, The International journal of biochemistry.

The roles of glucagon, insulin and glucocorticoid hormones in the effects of sublethal doses of endotoxin on glucose homeostasis in rats.

Richard Graham Knowles, C. I. Pogson, S. Beevers, 1986, Biochemical pharmacology.

The formation of nitric oxide donors from peroxynitrite

I. Lizasoain, M. A. Moro, Richard Graham Knowles, 1995, British journal of pharmacology.

Selective inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibition has no effect on allergen challenge in asthma.

A. Woodcock, Dave Singh, Richard Graham Knowles, 2007, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

Factors affecting the DNA damaging activity of superoxide and nitric oxide.

Richard Graham Knowles, M. Green, J. Lowe, 1998, Mutation research.

No detectable NO synthesis from l‐arginine or N G‐hydroxy‐l‐arginine in fMLP‐stimulated human blood neutrophils despite production of nitrite, nitrate, and citrulline from N G‐hydroxy‐l‐arginine

Richard Graham Knowles, E. Moilanen, S. Oja, 1999, Journal of leukocyte biology.

Endotoxin causes reciprocal changes in hepatic nitric oxide synthesis, gluconeogenesis, and flux through phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase.

Richard Graham Knowles, M. Titheradge, R. Horton, 1994, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

Responsiveness to oral prednisolone in severe asthma is related to the degree of eosinophilic airway inflammation

A. Sousa, B. Hargadon, Richard Graham Knowles, 2017, Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

Potent and selective inhibition of human nitric oxide synthases. Selective inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase by S-methyl-L-thiocitrulline and S-ethyl-L-thiocitrulline.

M. Salter, Richard Graham Knowles, E. Garvey, 1994, The Journal of biological chemistry.

Identification and Characterization of PDE4A11, a Novel, Widely Expressed Long Isoform Encoded by the Human PDE4A cAMP Phosphodiesterase Gene

Douglas J. MacMaster, Richard Graham Knowles, M. Houslay, 2005, Molecular Pharmacology.

Predictors and associations of the persistent airflow limitation phenotype in asthma: a post-hoc analysis of the ATLANTIS study.

J. Wedzicha, J. Vonk, K. Bønnelykke, 2022, The Lancet. Respiratory medicine.

Urinary Leukotriene E4 and Prostaglandin D2 Metabolites Increase in Adult and Childhood Severe Asthma Characterized by Type 2 Inflammation. A Clinical Observational Study

P. Howarth, D. Shaw, P. Bakke, 2020, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

In Vivo Characterization of GSK256066, a High-Affinity Inhaled Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor

Richard Graham Knowles, C. Tralau-Stewart, A. Nials, 2011, Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.

GSK256066, an Exceptionally High-Affinity and Selective Inhibitor of Phosphodiesterase 4 Suitable for Administration by Inhalation: In Vitro, Kinetic, and In Vivo Characterization

Richard Graham Knowles, R. Williamson, C. Tralau-Stewart, 2011, Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.

A comparison of antiasthma drugs between acute and chronic ovalbumin-challenged guinea-pig models of asthma.

Richard Graham Knowles, E. Kidd, K. Broadley, 2012, Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics.

Heteroalicyclic carboxamidines as inhibitors of inducible nitric oxide synthase; the identification of (2R)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxamidine as a potent and selective haem-co-ordinating inhibitor.

James M. Woolven, Richard Graham Knowles, S. Hodgson, 2011, Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters.

Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase by acetamidine derivatives of hetero-substituted lysine and homolysine.

M. Drysdale, Richard Graham Knowles, S. Hodgson, 2000, Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters.

Quantitative studies of sulphate conjugation by isolated rat liver cells using [35S]sulphate.

Richard Graham Knowles, C. I. Pogson, J. Dawson, 1991, Biochemical pharmacology.

3-Morpholino-sydnonimine-induced suppression of human neutrophil degranulation is not mediated by cyclic GMP, nitric oxide or peroxynitrite: inhibition of the increase in intracellular free calcium concentration by N-morpholino-iminoacetonitrile, a metabolite of 3-morpholino-sydnonimine.

Richard Graham Knowles, E. Moilanen, P. Holm, 1997, Molecular pharmacology.

Expression of human nitric oxide synthase isozymes.

I. Charles, M. A. Moro, C. Scorer, 1996, Methods in enzymology.

Control of phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism by phosphorylation mechanisms.

M. Salter, Richard Graham Knowles, M. J. Fisher, 1986, Advances in enzyme regulation.

Tryptophan Uptake and Hydroxylation in Rat Forebrain Synaptosomes

Richard Graham Knowles, C. I. Pogson, 1984, Journal of neurochemistry.

House dust mite induces direct airway inflammation in vivo: implications for future disease therapy?

Richard Graham Knowles, M. Belvisi, M. Birrell, 2009, European Respiratory Journal.

Induction of nitric oxide synthases early in pregnancy.

Richard Graham Knowles, S. Moncada, C. Weiner, 1994, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

Transport of the aromatic amino acids into isolated rat liver cells. Properties of uptake by two distinct systems.

M. Salter, Richard Graham Knowles, C. I. Pogson, 1986, The Biochemical journal.

Assay of NOS activity by the measurement of conversion of oxyhemoglobin to methemoglobin by NO.

M. Salter, Richard Graham Knowles, 1998, Methods in molecular biology.

Use of the Comet assay to investigate the role of superoxide in glutathione-induced DNA damage.

Richard Graham Knowles, M. Green, J. Lowe, 1998, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

y+ LAT-1 mediates transport of the potent and selective iNOS inhibitor, GW274150, in control J774 macrophages

Richard Graham Knowles, M. Palacín, J. Bertran, 2006, Amino Acids.

GSK 256066 , An Exceptionally High Affinity and Selective Inhibitor of PDE 4 Suitable for Administration by Inhalation : In vitro , Kinetic and In vivo Characterisation

Richard Graham Knowles, R. Williamson, C. Tralau-Stewart, 2011 .

Suppression of acute experimental colitis by a highly selective inducible nitric-oxide synthase inhibitor, N-[3-(aminomethyl)benzyl]acetamidine.

Richard Graham Knowles, R. Korpela, H. Vapaatalo, 2001, The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.

Regulation of the nitric oxide production resulting from the glucocorticoid-insensitive expression of iNOS in human osteoarthritic cartilage.

Richard Graham Knowles, K. Vuolteenaho, N. Al-Saffar, 2001, Osteoarthritis and cartilage.

GW273629 is a highly selective, short-acting iNOS (NOS-2) inhibitor both in vitro and in vivo: beneficial effects in endotoxin shock

Richard Graham Knowles, S. Moncada, E. Garvey, 2000 .

A microtiter-plate assay of human NOS isoforms.

Richard Graham Knowles, J. Dawson, 1998, Methods in molecular biology.

Inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis by nitric oxide: a comparison with endotoxic shock.

Richard Graham Knowles, E. Ceppi, M. Titheradge, 1994, The Biochemical journal.

Myometrial arginase activity increases with advancing pregnancy in the guinea pig.

Richard Graham Knowles, S. Moncada, C. Weiner, 1996, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

Application of Control Analysis to the Study of Amino Acid Metabolism

M. Salter, Richard Graham Knowles, C. I. Pogson, 1990 .

Comparison of hepatic epoxide hydratase from different species: purification and immunochemical properties.

Richard Graham Knowles, B. Burchell, S. Hasani, 1979, The International journal of biochemistry.

A Topological Data Analysis Network Model of Asthma Based on Blood Gene Expression Profiles

Ioannis Pandis, Charles Auffray, Ben D. MacArthur, 2019 .

Differential induction of brain, lung and liver nitric oxide synthase by endotoxin in the rat.

M. Salter, Richard Graham Knowles, S. Moncada, 1990, The Biochemical journal.

1400W Is a Slow, Tight Binding, and Highly Selective Inhibitor of Inducible Nitric-oxide Synthase in Vitro and in Vivo*

Richard Graham Knowles, E. Garvey, E. Furfine, 1997, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

The control of aromatic amino acid catabolism and its relationship to neurotransmitter amine synthesis.

M. Salter, Richard Graham Knowles, C. I. Pogson, 1989, Critical reviews in neurobiology.

Quantification of the importance of individual steps in the control of aromatic amino acid metabolism.

M. Salter, Richard Graham Knowles, C. I. Pogson, 1986, The Biochemical journal.

Nitric oxide synthases.

Richard Graham Knowles, 1996, Biochemical Society transactions.

Nitric oxide biochemistry.

Richard Graham Knowles, 1997, Biochemical Society transactions.

The characteristics and site of inhibition of gluconeogenesis in rat liver cells by bacterial endotoxin. Stimulation of phosphofructokinase-1.

Richard Graham Knowles, C. I. Pogson, S. Beevers, 1987, The Biochemical journal.

Uptake of acetaminophen (paracetamol) by isolated rat liver cells.

M. Salter, Richard Graham Knowles, B. Burchell, 1993, Biochemical pharmacology.

Lipid phenotyping of lung epithelial lining fluid in healthy human volunteers

C. Auffray, K. Bønnelykke, H. Bisgaard, 2018, Metabolomics.

Measurement of NOS activity by conversion of radiolabeled arginine to citrulline using ion-exchange separation.

M. Salter, Richard Graham Knowles, 1998, Methods in molecular biology.

Plasma nitrate clearance in mice: modeling of the systemic production of nitrate following the induction of nitric oxide synthesis

Richard Graham Knowles, L. Thomsen, N. Holford, 2004, Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology.

Persistent induction of nitric oxide synthase in tumours from mice treated with the anti-tumour agent 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid.

Richard Graham Knowles, S. Moncada, L. Thomsen, 1998, British Journal of Cancer.

Bi-directional effects of the elevation of intracellular calcium on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in J774 macrophages exposed to low and to high concentrations of endotoxin.

Richard Graham Knowles, E. Moilanen, H. Kankaanranta, 2001, The Biochemical journal.

Inducible nitric oxide synthase is involved in the mechanisms of cocaine enhanced neuronal apoptosis induced by HIV-1 gp120 in the neocortex of rat.

Richard Graham Knowles, G. Nappi, G. Bagetta, 2004, Neuroscience letters.

Anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids inhibit the induction by endotoxin of nitric oxide synthase in the lung, liver and aorta of the rat.

M. Salter, Richard Graham Knowles, S. Moncada, 1990, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

A simple method for purification of epoxide hydratase from rat liver.

Richard Graham Knowles, B. Burchell, 1977, The Biochemical journal.

Nitric oxide synthase activity in human gynecological cancer.

Richard Graham Knowles, S. Moncada, L. Thomsen, 1994, Cancer research.

Selective inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibits tumor growth in vivo: studies with 1400W, a novel inhibitor.

Richard Graham Knowles, L. Thomsen, J. Scott, 1997, Cancer research.

The role of nitric oxide in osteoarthritis

Richard Graham Knowles, K. Vuolteenaho, T. Moilanen, 2007, Scandinavian journal of rheumatology.

Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors into the Clinic at Last.

A. Shah, Richard Graham Knowles, H. Schmidt, 2020, Handbook of experimental pharmacology.

Nitric oxide as a signal in blood vessels.

Richard Graham Knowles, S. Moncada, 1992, Trends in biochemical sciences.

Constitutive and inducible nitric oxide synthases incorporate molecular oxygen into both nitric oxide and citrulline.

Richard Graham Knowles, S. Moncada, R. Palmer, 1991, The Journal of biological chemistry.

Antitumor Activity of γ-Interferon in Ascitic and Solid Tumor Models of Human Ovarian Cancer

Richard Graham Knowles, F. Balkwill, S. Malik, 1991 .

Contents

Harris, R., G., 2020, Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.

The Identification of a Novel Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor, 1-Ethyl-5-{5-[(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)methyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl}-N-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-amine (EPPA-1), with Improved Therapeutic Index using Pica Feeding in Rats as a Measure of Emetogenicity

John J. Peterson, Richard Graham Knowles, R. Williamson, 2009, Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.

Exhaled volatile organic compounds as markers for medication use in asthma

T. J. Vink, S. Dahlén, S. Fowler, 2019, European Respiratory Journal.

Inhibition of iNOS activity by 1400W decreases glutamate release and ameliorates stroke outcome after experimental ischemia

O. Hurtado, J. Leza, P. Lorenzo, 2005, Neurobiology of Disease.

Pregnancy increases guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate in the myometrium independent of nitric oxide synthesis.

Richard Graham Knowles, S. Nelson, C. Weiner, 1994, Endocrinology.

Models of respiratory disease symposium

I. Adcock, Richard Graham Knowles, A. Holmes, 2013, Journal of Inflammation.

Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite exert distinct effects on mitochondrial respiration which are differentially blocked by glutathione or glucose.

M. A. Moro, Richard Graham Knowles, S. Moncada, 1996, The Biochemical journal.

Effects of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase inhibitors in the rat.

M. Salter, Richard Graham Knowles, D. Madge, 1991, Advances in experimental medicine and biology.

Characteristics of Tryptophan Accumulation by Isolated Rat Forebrain Synaptosomes

Richard Graham Knowles, C. I. Pogson, 1984, Journal of neurochemistry.

The role of tryptophan and kynurenine transport in the catabolism of tryptophan through indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase.

M. Salter, Richard Graham Knowles, C. I. Pogson, 1991, Advances in experimental medicine and biology.

Leukotriene B4 levels in sputum from asthma patients

Dave Singh, U. Kolsum, Richard Graham Knowles, 2016, ERJ Open Research.

How does displacement of albumin-bound tryptophan cause sustained increases in the free tryptophan concentration in plasma and 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis in brain?

M. Salter, Richard Graham Knowles, C. I. Pogson, 1989, The Biochemical journal.

Kinetic characteristics of nitric oxide synthase from rat brain.

Richard Graham Knowles, S. Moncada, M. Palacios, 1990, The Biochemical journal.

The Ontogeny of Cerebral and Cerebellar Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Guinea Pig and Rat

Richard Graham Knowles, S. Moncada, C. Weiner, 1996, Pediatric Research.

Synthesis of nitric oxide in the bovine retina.

Richard Graham Knowles, S. Moncada, R. Palmer, 1991, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

Inhibition by Lamotrigine of the Generation of Nitric Oxide in Rat Forebrain Slices

Richard Graham Knowles, S. Moncada, I. Lizasoaín, 1995, Journal of neurochemistry.

GW274150 and GW273629 are potent and highly selective inhibitors of inducible nitric oxide synthase in vitro and in vivo

Richard Graham Knowles, S. Moncada, E. Garvey, 2005, British journal of pharmacology.

The L-arginine: nitric oxide pathway.

P. López-Jaramillo, Richard Graham Knowles, S. Moncada, 1993, Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension.

Nitric oxide from L-arginine stimulates the soluble guanylate cyclase in adrenal glands.

Richard Graham Knowles, S. Moncada, M. Palacios, 1989, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

The Identification of a Novel PDE 4 Inhibitor , EPPA-1 , with Improved Therapeutic Index using Pica Feeding in Rats as a Measure of

John J. Peterson, Richard Graham Knowles, R. Williamson, 2009 .

A microtiter-plate assay of nitric oxide synthase activity

Richard Graham Knowles, J. Dawson, 1999, Molecular biotechnology.

Transport of the aromatic amino acids into isolated rat liver cells by a ‘T’ system

M. Salter, Richard Graham Knowles, C. I. Pogson, 1985 .

Development of anti-inflammatory drugs - the research and development process.

Richard Graham Knowles, 2014, Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology.

Topological data analysis (TDA) of U-BIOPRED paediatric peripheral blood gene expression identified asthma phenotypes characterised by alternative splicing of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA

C. Auffray, P. Howarth, G. Roberts, 2018, Paediatric asthma and allergy.

Enhancers of nonspecific immunity induce nitric oxide synthase: Induction does not correlate with toxicity or adjuvancy

Richard Graham Knowles, S. Moncada, M. Palacios, 1992, European journal of immunology.

Bacterial endotoxin effects on carbohydrate utilization and transport

Richard Graham Knowles, R. Horton, F. Smith, 2009 .

Nitrovasodilators have proliferative as well as antiproliferative effects

Richard Graham Knowles, K. Patel, K. O'connor, 1991 .

A quantitative analysis of the control of glutamine catabolism in rat liver cells. Use of selective inhibitors.

M. Salter, Richard Graham Knowles, M. Rennie, 1993, The Biochemical journal.

Illusions of grandeur: Mosley, fascism and British society, 1931–1981

Richard Graham Knowles, 1988 .

The role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in the anti-tumour activity of human interferon-gamma in vivo.

Richard Graham Knowles, N. East, F. Burke, 1995, International journal of cancer.

Inhibition of iNOS activity by 1400W decreases glutamate release and ameliorates stroke outcome after experimental ischemia

O. Hurtado, J. Leza, P. Lorenzo, 2005, Neurobiology of Disease.

Effect of treatment in vivo of rats with bacterial endotoxin on fructose 2,6-bisphosphate metabolism and L-pyruvate kinase activity and flux in isolated liver cells.

Richard Graham Knowles, E. Ceppi, M. Titheradge, 1992, The Biochemical journal.

Light rail and the London underground

Peter White, Richard Knowles, Richard Graham Knowles, 2008 .

21 – Gluconeogenesis in Liver Cells

Richard Graham Knowles, C. I. Pogson, 1994 .

Medication adherence in patients with severe asthma prescribed oral corticosteroids in the U-BIOPRED cohort.

G. Roberts, A. Bansal, J. Corfield, 2021, Chest.

AsthmaMap: An expert‐driven computational representation of disease mechanisms

Charles Auffray, Peter J Sterk, Alexander Mazein, 2018, Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology.