I. Brown

B. Lambrecht, I. Brown, M. Berg, 2019, Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases.

Development of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation for the detection of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens

I. Brown, B. Haagmans, M. Carroll, 2020, Scientific Reports.

Distinct immune responses and virus shedding in pigs following aerosol, intra-nasal and contact infection with pandemic swine influenza A virus, A(H1N1)09

Ronan Mac Loughlin, M. Woolhouse, M. Chase-Topping, 2016, Veterinary Research.

H9N2 subtype influenza A viruses in poultry in pakistan are closely related to the H9N2 viruses responsible for human infection in Hong Kong.

I. Brown, A. Hay, V. Gregory, 2000, Virology.

Novel Highly Pathogenic Avian A(H5N2) and A(H5N8) Influenza Viruses of Clade 2.3.4.4 from North America Have Limited Capacity for Replication and Transmission in Mammals

R. Webby, D. Stallknecht, E. Govorkova, 2016, mSphere.

Disease outbreaks in pigs in Great Britain due to an influenza A virus of H1N2 subtype

I. Brown, D. Alexander, P. Chakraverty, 1995, Veterinary Record.

Proceedings Paper—Avian Diseases 10th AI Symposium Issue Development and Application of Real-Time PCR Assays for Specific Detection of Contemporary Avian Influenza Virus Subtypes N5, N6, N7, N8, and N9

S. Reid, I. Brown, S. Brookes, 2018, Avian Diseases.

Molecular Epidemiology and Evolution of Influenza Viruses Circulating within European Swine between 2009 and 2013

T. Lam, O. Pybus, P. Kellam, 2015, Journal of Virology.

Multicontinental Epidemic of H5N1 HPAI Virus (1996–2007)

I. Brown, L. Sims, 2009 .

Enhanced infectivity of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus in pig ex vivo respiratory tract organ cultures following adaptation by in vitro passage.

I. Brown, S. Graham, S. Brookes, 2013, Virus research.

Failure to infect pigs co-housed with ducks or chickens infected experimentally with A/turkey/Turkey/1/2005 (H5N1) highly pathogenic avian influenza virus.

I. Brown, S. Brookes, B. Löndt, 2013, Veterinary microbiology.

Infection dynamics of highly pathogenic avian influenza and virulent avian paramyxovirus type 1 viruses in chickens, turkeys and ducks

I. Brown, A. McNally, R. Irvine, 2010, Avian pathology : journal of the W.V.P.A.

Identification of Sensitive and Specific Avian Influenza Polymerase Chain Reaction Methods Through Blind Ring Trials Organized in the European Union

G. Czifra, I. Brown, G. Cattoli, 2007, Avian diseases.

Transmission Studies Resume for Avian Flu

Y. Guan, R. Webster, R. Webby, 2013, Science.

Pause on avian flu transmission research.

Y. Guan, R. Webster, R. Webby, 2012, Science.

Cytokine Expression at Different Stages of Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Infection in the Porcine Lung, Using Laser Capture Microdissection.

I. Brown, S. Brookes, B. Londt, 2016, Transboundary and emerging diseases.

Avian influenza overview October 2016–August 2017

I. Brown, P. Mulatti, K. Śmietanka, 2017, EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority.

Interspecies Transmission of Reassortant Swine Influenza A Virus Containing Genes from Swine Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H1N2) Viruses

I. Brown, H. Everett, P. V. van Diemen, 2020, Emerging infectious diseases.

Descriptive clinical and epidemiological characteristics of influenza A H1N1 2009 virus infections in pigs in England

J. Wood, I. Brown, N. Brons, 2012, Veterinary Record.

Novel Swine Influenza Virus Reassortants in Pigs, China

J. Chen, Y. Bi, I. Brown, 2010, Emerging infectious diseases.

A/H1N1/pdm09 virus: dynamics of infection in pigs and people

I. Brown, S. Brookes, 2011, Veterinary Record.

Inactivated pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus human vaccines have different efficacy after homologous challenge in the ferret model

I. Brown, M. Zambon, K. Hoschler, 2020, Influenza and other respiratory viruses.

Phylogenetic and molecular characteristics of Eurasian H9 avian influenza viruses and their detection by two different H9-specific RealTime reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction tests.

I. Brown, M. Arnold, J. Banks, 2013, Veterinary microbiology.

Differential susceptibility of SARS‐CoV‐2 in animals: Evidence of ACE2 host receptor distribution in companion animals, livestock and wildlife by immunohistochemical characterisation

I. Brown, R. Delahay, D. Bailey, 2021, Transboundary and emerging diseases.

Evaluation of lateral flow devices for identification of infected poultry by testing swab and feather specimens during H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in Vietnam

I. Brown, J. Banks, I. Mawhinney, 2011, Influenza and other respiratory viruses.

Overview of Incursions of Asian H5N1 Subtype Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus into Great Britain, 2005–2008

I. Brown, J. Banks, R. Manvell, 2010, Avian diseases.

Different Evolutionary Trajectories of European Avian-Like and Classical Swine H1N1 Inﬂuenza A Viruses (cid:1)

E. Holmes, J. Taubenberger, I. Brown, 2009 .

Statistical modelling of data showing pandemic H1N1 2009 swine in ﬂ uenza a virus infection kinetics in vaccinated pigs Data in brief

M. Woolhouse, I. Brown, B. Charleston, 2019 .

Experimental transmission of avian‐like swine H1N1 influenza virus between immunologically naïve and vaccinated pigs

J. Mumford, I. Brown, D. Elton, 2011, Influenza and other respiratory viruses.

Recent epidemiology and ecology of influenza A viruses in avian species in Europe and the Middle East.

I. Brown, J. Banks, R. Manvell, 2006, Developments in biologicals.

Inactivation of the infectivity of two highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses and a virulent Newcastle disease virus by ultraviolet radiation

I. Brown, E. Aldous, D. Alexander, 2013, Avian pathology : journal of the W.V.P.A.

Surveillance for West Nile virus in British birds (2001 to 2006)

R. E. Gough, N. Johnson, I. Brown, 2008, Veterinary Record.

Detection of West Nile virus in the tissues of specific pathogen free chickens and serological response to laboratory infection: a comparative study

R. E. Gough, I. Brown, L. P. Phipps, 2007, Avian pathology : journal of the W.V.P.A.

Immune Responses in Pigs Vaccinated with Adjuvanted and Non-Adjuvanted A(H1N1)pdm/09 Influenza Vaccines Used in Human Immunization Programmes

S. Gubbins, I. Brown, E. Lefèvre, 2012, PloS one.

Thapsigargin Is a Broad-Spectrum Inhibitor of Major Human Respiratory Viruses: Coronavirus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Influenza A Virus

I. Brown, J. Nguyen-Van-Tam, P. Gershkovich, 2021, Viruses.

Emergence and spread of novel H5N8, H5N5 and H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic avian influenza in 2020

M. Beer, R. Fouchier, S. Reid, 2021, Emerging microbes & infections.

Outbreak of Newcastle disease in pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) in south-east England in July 2005

I. Brown, R. Manvell, E. Aldous, 2007, The Veterinary Record.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N6 (clade 2.3.4.4b) has a preferable host tropism for waterfowl reflected in its inefficient transmission to terrestrial poultry.

I. Brown, C. Bianco, S. Brookes, 2021, Virology.

Ducks Are Susceptible to Infection with a Range of Doses of H5N8 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (2016, Clade 2.3.4.4b) and Are Largely Resistant to Virus-Specific Mortality, but Efficiently Transmit Infection to Contact Turkeys

I. Brown, C. Bianco, S. Brookes, 2018, Avian Diseases.

Differentiation of porcine coronavirus from transmissible gastroenteritis virus

I. Brown, D. Garwes, F. Stewart, 1988, Veterinary Record.

New porcine coronavirus?

I. Brown, S. Cartwright, 1986, Veterinary Record.

Avian influenza viruses and influenza in humans

I. Brown, I. Capua, D. Alexander, 2005 .

1 1 Avian influenza viruses and influenza in humans

I. Brown, I. Capua, D. Alexander, 2004 .

Avian influenza overview September – November 2017

T. Kuiken, I. Brown, P. Mulatti, 2017, EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority.

Pathogenesis and infection dynamics of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N6 (clade 2.3.4.4b) in pheasants and onward transmission to chickens.

L. Larsen, I. Brown, C. Hjulsager, 2022, Virology.

A case of avian influenza A(H5N1) in England, January 2022

I. Brown, J. Roberts, M. Zambon, 2022, Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin.

Regional Transmission and Reassortment of 2.3.4.4b Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) Viruses in Bulgarian Poultry 2017/18

I. Brown, R. Ellis, A. Brouwer, 2020, bioRxiv.

Direct evidence of H7N7 avian influenza virus mutation from low to high virulence on a single poultry premises during an outbreak in free range chickens in the UK, 2008.

I. Brown, J. Banks, W. Howard, 2018, Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases.

Outbreak of Eurasian lineage H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza in turkeys in Great Britain in November 2007

I. Brown, J. Banks, R. Manvell, 2014, Veterinary Record.

Surveillance of influenza in swine and wildfowl

I. Brown, 2014 .

Recombinant herpesvirus of turkeys as a vector-based vaccine against highly pathogenic H7N1 avian influenza and Marek's disease.

S. Reid, I. Brown, P. Britton, 2011, Vaccine.

Outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza caused by Asian lineage h5n1 virus in turkeys in Great Britain in January 2007

J. Wilesmith, I. Brown, F. Landeg, 2007, Veterinary Record.

The nucleotide sequence of the HA1 of the haemagglutinin of an HI avian influenza virus isolate from turkeys in Germany provides additional evidence suggesting recent transmission from pigs.

I. Brown, J. Banks, G. W. Wood, 1997, Avian pathology : journal of the W.V.P.A.

Lack of virological and serological evidence for continued circulation of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 virus in wild birds in the Netherlands, 14 November 2014 to 31 January 2016

B. Nolet, T. Bestebroer, R. Fouchier, 2016, Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin.

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N8 Clade 2.3.4.4 Virus: Equivocal Pathogenicity and Implications for Surveillance Following Natural Infection in Breeder Ducks in the United Kingdom.

S. Reid, I. Brown, S. Brookes, 2016, Transboundary and emerging diseases.

High Level of Protection Induced by Two Fowlpox Vector Vaccines Against a Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Challenge in Specific-Pathogen-Free Chickens

I. Brown, R. Manvell, M. Bublot, 2010, Avian diseases.

Co-circulation of genetically distinct highly pathogenic avian influenza A clade 2.3.4.4 (H5N6) viruses in wild waterfowl and poultry in Europe and East Asia, 2017–18

M. Beer, M. Steensels, B. Lambrecht, 2019, Virus evolution.

Characterization of a novel reassortant H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus clade 2.3.4.4 in Korea, 2017

I. Brown, Yu-Na Lee, Eun-Kyoung Lee, 2018, Emerging Microbes & Infections.

A threat from both sides: Multiple introductions of genetically distinct H5 HPAI viruses into Canada via both East Asia-Australasia/Pacific and Atlantic flyways.

I. Brown, Y. Berhane, T. Alkie, 2022, Virus evolution.

Virus Pathotype and Deep Sequencing of the HA Gene of a Low Pathogenicity H7N1 Avian Influenza Virus Causing Mortality in Turkeys

I. Brown, J. McCauley, M. Iqbal, 2014, PloS one.

Low pathogenic avian influenza in domestic fowl in Norfolk, England, March and April, 2006

J. Wilesmith, I. Brown, J. Banks, 2008, Veterinary Record.

Highly pathogenic H5 avian influenza in 2016 and 2017 – observations and future perspectives

I. Brown, N. Gaidet, S. Dobschuetz, 2017 .

High‐pathogenicity avian influenza outbreaks since 2008, excluding multi‐continental panzootic of H5 Goose/Guangdong‐lineage viruses

I. Brown, G. Cattoli, D. Swayne, 2016 .

Pathogenesis of H7 Influenza A Viruses Isolated from Ostriches in the Homologous Host Infected Experimentally

I. Brown, P. Jørgensen, R. Manvell, 2003, Avian diseases.

Serological Evidence for Influenza A Virus Exposure in Wild Birds in Trinidad & Tobago

I. Brown, S. Essen, S. Brookes, 2018, Veterinary sciences.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) outbreaks: protection and management of exposed people in Europe, 2014/15 and 2016

M. Castrucci, S. Buda, I. Brown, 2016, Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin.

Experimental Infection of Turkeys with Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza Virus (A/H1N1/09v)

I. Brown, M. Matrosovich, J. Banks, 2009, Journal of Virology.

Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences for the HN gene of 22 avian paramyxovirus type 2 viruses reveals marked heterogeneity

I. Brown, R. Manvell, D. Alexander, 2010, Avian pathology : journal of the W.V.P.A.

Swine influenza outbreaks in England due to a new H1N1 virus

R. Webster, I. Brown, V. Hinshaw, 1993, Veterinary Record.

The role of national and international veterinary laboratories.

I. Brown, L. McElhinney, A. Brouwer, 2021, Revue scientifique et technique.

IDENTIFICATION OF SENSITIVE AND SPECIFIC AVIAN INFLUENZA PCR METHODS THROUGH BLIND RING TRIALS ORGANISED IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

G. Czifra, I. Brown, G. Cattoli, 2007 .

Pathogenicity of a swine influenza H1N1 virus antigenically distinguishable from classical and European strains

I. Brown, S. Done, D. Alexander, 1993, Veterinary Record.

Comparative pathogenesis of two genotype VI.2 avian paramyxovirus type-1 viruses (APMV-1) in pheasants, partridges and chickens

I. Brown, S. Brookes, A. Banyard, 2022, Avian pathology : journal of the W.V.P.A.

Induced Increase in Virulence of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza by Serial Intracerebral Passage in Chickens

I. Brown, J. Banks, R. Gardner, 2007 .

Isolations of H1N2 influenza A virus from pigs in Belgium

I. Brown, M. Pensaert, K. Reeth, 2000, Veterinary Record.

Pathological changes in turkeys experimentally infected with different doses of A/ostrich/Italy/984/2000 H7N1 avian influenza virus

I. Brown, J. Banks, A. McNally, 2008 .

Development of an avian avulavirus 1 (AAvV-1) L-gene real-time RT-PCR assay using minor groove binding probes for application as a routine diagnostic tool.

S. Reid, I. Brown, K. Mansfield, 2019, Journal of virological methods.

Newcastle disease: a continuing threat to UK poultry

I. Brown, C. Davis, R. Irvine, 2011, Veterinary Record.

Advances in molecular diagnostics for avian influenza.

I. Brown, 2006, Developments in biologicals.

Isolations of avian paramyxovirus type 2 from domestic fowl in Scotland in 2002 and 2006

I. Brown, R. Manvell, D. Alexander, 2008, The Veterinary Record.

Evolution of H5N1 Avian Influenza Viruses in Asia

Keiji Fukuda, David E. Swayne, Nguyen Tien Dung, 2005, Emerging infectious diseases.

H7N7 Avian Influenza Virus Mutation from Low to High Pathogenicity on a Layer Chicken Farm in the UK

S. Reid, I. Brown, J. Banks, 2021, Viruses.

Overview of Incursions of Asian H5N1 Subtype Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus into Great Britain, 2005–2008

I. Brown, J. Banks, R. Manvell, 2010 .

Isolation of a Lelystad virus-like agent from British pigs and scanning electron microscopy of infected macrophages.

I. Brown, D. Paton, S. Edwards, 1992, Veterinary microbiology.

Suppression of Avian Influenza Transmission in Genetically Modified Chickens

I. Brown, A. Sherman, H. Sang, 2011, Science.

Congenital pig pox: a case report

I. Brown, A. Wrathall, D. Paton, 1990, Veterinary Record.

Comparison of Serological Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies

I. Brown, E. Wright, L. McElhinney, 2021, Viruses.

Isolation of an influenza A virus subtype H5N2 from ostriches in South Africa in 2004

I. Brown, C. Abolnik, R. Manvell, 2005 .

Seroprevalence of economically important viral pathogens in swine populations of Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies

C. Carrington, I. Brown, S. Brookes, 2017, Tropical Animal Health and Production.

Testing for exclusion of notifiable avian disease

I. Brown, N. Gibbens, R. Irvine, 2014, Veterinary Record.

Four different sublineages of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 introduced in Hungary in 2006-2007.

I. Brown, I. Kiss, C. Muller, 2009, Veterinary microbiology.

The role of vaccination in risk mitigation and control of Newcastle disease in poultry.

Ian H Brown, I. Brown, K. Mansfield, 2017, Vaccine.

Prevalence of Avian Influenza A(H5) and A(H9) Viruses in Live Bird Markets, Bangladesh

Younjung Kim, D. Pfeiffer, I. Brown, 2018, Emerging infectious diseases.

Recent zoonoses caused by influenza A viruses.

I. Brown, D. Alexander, 2000, Revue scientifique et technique.

Comparison of sequencing methods and data processing pipelines for whole genome sequencing and minority single nucleotide variant (mSNV) analysis during an influenza A/H5N8 outbreak

Martin Beer, Anne Pohlmann, Clara Amid, 2020, PloS one.

Clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) from the 2021/22 epizootic is highly duck adapted and poorly adapted to chickens

I. Brown, Joe James, A. Banyard, 2023, bioRxiv.

Encephalitis and Death in Wild Mammals at a Rehabilitation Center after Infection with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Virus, United Kingdom

S. Reid, I. Brown, N. Lewis, 2021, Emerging infectious diseases.

Wild waterfowl migration and domestic duck density shape the epidemiology of highly pathogenic H5N8 influenza in the Republic of Korea

O. Pybus, M. Gilbert, I. Brown, 2015, Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases.

Testing to exclude notifiable disease in birds in Great Britain.

S. Reid, I. Brown, R. Irvine, 2021, The Veterinary record.

Two Single Incursions of H7N7 and H5N1 Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza in U.K. Broiler Breeders During 2015 and 2016

S. Reid, I. Brown, J. Banks, 2018, Avian Diseases.

Detection of non-notifiable H4N6 avian influenza virus in poultry in Great Britain.

S. Reid, I. Brown, J. Banks, 2018, Veterinary microbiology.

Current status of avian influenza in Europe and the UK

I. Brown, R. Cromie, S. Brookes, 2018, Veterinary Record.

Unexpected infection outcomes of China-origin H7N9 low pathogenicity avian influenza virus in turkeys

I. Brown, S. Brookes, M. Slomka, 2018, Scientific Reports.

Incursion of H5N8 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) into gamebirds in England

S. Reid, I. Brown, K. Mansfield, 2022, Epidemiology and Infection.

Rapid and sensitive detection of high pathogenicity Eurasian clade 2.3.4.4b avian influenza viruses in wild birds and poultry.

S. Reid, I. Brown, Joe James, 2022, Journal of virological methods.

Gross pathology associated with highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 and H5N1 in naturally infected birds in the UK (2020-2021).

S. Reid, I. Brown, A. Banyard, 2021, The Veterinary record.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection in chickens but not ducks is associated with elevated host immune and pro-inflammatory responses

I. Brown, S. Dunham, L. Vervelde, 2014, Veterinary Research.

History and epidemiology of Swine influenza in Europe.

I. Brown, 2013, Current topics in microbiology and immunology.

Replication, Pathogenesis and Transmission of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus in Non-Immune Pigs

L. Larsen, I. Brown, C. Chiapponi, 2010, PloS one.

Chicken and Duck Myotubes Are Highly Susceptible and Permissive to Influenza Virus Infection

I. Brown, W. Howard, Belinda Baquero-Perez, 2014, Journal of Virology.

Evidence for a New Avian Paramyxovirus Serotype 10 Detected in Rockhopper Penguins from the Falkland Islands

I. Brown, W. Karesh, D. Senne, 2010, Journal of Virology.

Bat-Borne Coronaviruses in Jordan and Saudi Arabia: A Threat to Public Health?

I. Brown, L. AL-Eitan, D. Marston, 2020, Viruses.

The global antigenic diversity of swine influenza A viruses

Tavis K. Anderson, Paul Kellam, Takehiko Saito, 2016, eLife.

Detection of H3N8 influenza A virus with multiple mammalian-adaptive mutations in a rescued Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) pup

S. Reid, I. Brown, C. Bianco, 2019, bioRxiv.

Avian influenza viruses in wild birds: virus evolution in a multi-host 1 ecosystem 2

T. Stockwell, H. van Bakel, T. Bestebroer, 2018 .

The infectivity of pandemic 2009 H1N1 and avian influenza viruses for pigs: an assessment by ex vivo respiratory tract organ culture*

I. Brown, D. Stagg, S. Brookes, 2012, Influenza and other respiratory viruses.

An ex vivo swine tracheal organ culture for the study of influenza infection

D. Maskell, I. Brown, P. Murcia, 2009, Influenza and other respiratory viruses.

The epidemiology and evolution of influenza viruses in pigs.

I. Brown, 2000, Veterinary microbiology.

Genetic subtyping of influenza A viruses using RT-PCR with a single set of primers based on conserved sequences within the HA2 coding region.

I. Brown, S. Essen, L. P. Phipps, 2004, Journal of virological methods.

Recombination Resulting in Virulence Shift in Avian Influenza Outbreak, Chile

I. Brown, D. Suarez, B. Panigrahy, 2004, Emerging infectious diseases.

The evolutionary dynamics of influenza A virus adaptation to mammalian hosts

S. Bhatt, Y. Guan, T. Lam, 2013, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.

Comparative micro-epidemiology of pathogenic avian influenza virus outbreaks in a wild bird population

O. Pybus, K. Parag, C. Perrins, 2019, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B.

Rapid detection and subtyping of European swine influenza viruses in porcine clinical samples by haemagglutinin-and neuraminidase-specific tetra-and triplex real-time RT -

M. Beer, N. Zhao, E. Starick, 2016 .

Systemic infection with highly pathogenic H5N8 of avian origin produces encephalitis and mortality in wild mammals at a UK rehabilitation centre

S. Reid, I. Brown, N. Lewis, 2021, bioRxiv.

Review of Influenza A Virus in Swine Worldwide: A Call for Increased Surveillance and Research

R. Webby, M. Peiris, A. Vincent, 2014, Zoonoses and public health.

Selection of variant viruses during replication and transmission of H7N1 viruses in chickens and turkeys.

I. Brown, J. McCauley, M. Iqbal, 2012, Virology.

Antigenic and genetic analyses of isolate APMV/wigeon/Italy/3920-1/2005 indicate that it represents a new avian paramyxovirus (APMV-12)

I. Brown, I. Monne, M. S. Beato, 2013, Archives of Virology.

Antibody responses to avian influenza viruses in wild birds broaden with age

Paul S. Wikramaratna, O. Pybus, C. Perrins, 2016, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.

European Surveillance Network for Influenza in Pigs: Surveillance Programs, Diagnostic Tools and Swine Influenza Virus Subtypes Identified in 14 European Countries from 2010 to 2013

G. Simon, L. Larsen, S. Reid, 2014, PloS one.

Unexpected infection outcomes of China-origin H7N9 low pathogenicity avian influenza virus in turkeys

I. Brown, S. Brookes, M. Slomka, 2018, Scientific Reports.

Surveillance for Avian Influenza in Wild Birds in the European Union in 2007

A. Breed, I. Brown, K. Harris, 2010, Avian diseases.

Significant rising antibody titres to influenza A are associated with an acute reduction in milk yield in cattle.

I. Brown, T. Crawshaw, S. Young, 2007, Veterinary journal.

Within-host variation of avian influenza viruses

I. Brown, J. McCauley, M. Iqbal, 2009, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.

Seroprevalence of H1N1, H3N2 and H1N2 influenza viruses in pigs in seven European countries in 2002–2003

I. Brown, E. Foni, M. Pensaert, 2008, Influenza and other respiratory viruses.

Different Evolutionary Trajectories of European Avian-Like and Classical Swine H1N1 Influenza A Viruses

Edward C. Holmes, Sarah E. Perkins, Eleca J. Dunham, 2009, Journal of Virology.

Pathogenicity of experimental infection with ‘pneumotropic’ porcine coronavirus

I. Brown, D. O'Toole, S. Cartwright, 1989, Research in Veterinary Science.

Evidence of influenza A virus infection in dairy cows with sporadic milk drop syndrome

I. Brown, T. Crawshaw, R. Gunning, 1999, Veterinary Record.

Detection of antibodies to influenza A virus in cattle in association with respiratory disease and reduced milk yield

I. Brown, T. Crawshaw, D. Alexander, 1998, Veterinary Record.

'Blue ear' disease of pigs

I. Brown, G. Wensvoort, D. Paton, 1991, Veterinary Record.

Outbreak of influenza in pigs

I. Brown, S. Done, R. Higgins, 1992, The Veterinary Record.

An ELISA for the detection of serum antibodies to both transmissible gastroenteritis virus and porcine respiratory coronavirus

I. Brown, E. K. Vaz, D. Paton, 1991, British Veterinary Journal.

The Role of Pigs in Interspecies Transmission

I. Brown, 2008 .

Pathogenicity of concurrent infection of pigs with porcine respiratory coronavirus and swine influenza virus

I. Brown, D. Paton, I. Lanza, 1992, Research in Veterinary Science.

Sows infected in pregnancy with porcine respiratory coronavirus show no evidence of protecting their sucking piglets against transmissible gastroenteritis

I. Brown, D. Paton, 2004, Veterinary research communications.

Serological studies of influenza viruses in pigs in Great Britain 1991–2

I. Brown, D. Alexander, P. Harris, 1995, Epidemiology and Infection.

Avian influenza surveillance in wild birds in the European Union in 2006

I. Brown, V. Gubertì, L. Busani, 2009, Influenza and other respiratory viruses.

Animal influenza virus surveillance.

A. Osterhaus, R. Fouchier, I. Brown, 2003, Vaccine.

Prevalence and risk factors for swine influenza virus infection in the English pig population

Barbara Wieland, Pablo Alarcon, Susanna Williamson, 2011, PLOS Currents.

Rapid death of duck cells infected with influenza: a potential mechanism for host resistance to H5N1

I. Brown, S. Dunham, Kin-Chow Chang, 2011, Immunology and cell biology.

Scientific opinion on the possible risks posed by the influenza A ( H 3 N 2 v ) virus for animal health and its potential spread and implications for animal and human health

S. More, A. Bøtner, C. Berg, 2013 .

The pig as an intermediate host for influenza A viruses between birds and humans

I. Brown, 2001 .

Isolation and Characterization of H4N6 Avian Influenza Viruses from Pigs with Pneumonia in Canada

I. Brown, A. Karasin, C. Olsen, 2000, Journal of Virology.

Intranasal Infection of Ferrets with SARS-CoV-2 as a Model for Asymptomatic Human Infection

I. Brown, H. Simmons, M. Carroll, 2021, Viruses.

Genetic relationships, serological cross-reaction and cross-protection between H1N2 and other influenza A virus subtypes endemic in European pigs.

I. Brown, M. Pensaert, K. Reeth, 2004, Virus research.

Influenza a Viruses in Pigs in Europe

J. Zimmerman, I. Brown, K. Yoon, 2008 .

Multiple genetic reassortment of avian and human influenza A viruses in European pigs, resulting in the emergence of an H1N2 virus of novel genotype.

I. Brown, J. McCauley, D. Alexander, 1998, The Journal of general virology.

Estimating reassortment rates in co-circulating Eurasian swine influenza viruses

S. Bhatt, O. Pybus, A. Leigh Brown, 2012, The Journal of general virology.

Summary of Avian Influenza Activity in Europe, Asia, and Africa, 2006–2009

I. Brown, 2010, Avian diseases.

Genetic Characterization of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N8) Virus from Domestic Ducks, England, November 2014

Richard J. Ellis, I. Brown, D. Marston, 2015, Emerging infectious diseases.

First reported incursion of highly pathogenic notifiable avian influenza A H5N1 viruses from clade 2.3.2 into European poultry.

R. Webster, R. Webby, S. Reid, 2011, Transboundary and emerging diseases.

Has Epizootic Become Enzootic? Evidence for a Fundamental Change in the Infection Dynamics of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Europe, 2021

M. Beer, M. Steensels, L. Larsen, 2022, mBio.

Intercontinental spread of Asian-origin H7 avian influenza viruses by captive bird trade in 1990's.

I. Brown, Y. Berhane, M. Killian, 2019, Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases.

Quantifying Transmission of Highly Pathogenic and Low Pathogenicity H7N1 Avian Influenza in Turkeys

J. Gog, B. Grenfell, J. Wood, 2012, PloS one.

Validated RealTime reverse transcriptase PCR methods for the diagnosis and pathotyping of Eurasian H7 avian influenza viruses

I. Brown, J. Banks, G. Koch, 2009, Influenza and other respiratory viruses.

Antigenic and genetic analyses of isolate APMV/wigeon/Italy/3920-1/2005 indicate that it represents a new avian paramyxovirus (APMV-12)

I. Brown, I. Monne, M. S. Beato, 2013, Archives of Virology.

Increased risk of A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza infection in UK pig industry workers compared to a general population cohort

I. Brown, J. Nguyen-Van-Tam, A. Hayward, 2016, Influenza and other respiratory viruses.

Antigenic and genetic analyses of H1N1 influenza A viruses from European pigs.

I. Brown, S. Ludwig, C. Scholtissek, 1997, The Journal of general virology.

Vaccines That Reduce Viral Shedding Do Not Prevent Transmission of H1N1 Pandemic 2009 Swine Influenza A Virus Infection to Unvaccinated Pigs

M. Woolhouse, I. Brown, B. Charleston, 2020, Journal of Virology.

Vaccine-mediated protection of pigs against infection with pandemic H1N1 2009 swine influenza A virus requires a close antigenic match between the vaccine antigen and challenge virus.

M. Woolhouse, I. Brown, B. Charleston, 2019, Vaccine.

European surveillance network for influenza in pigs

G. Simon, L. Larsen, S. Reid, 2014 .

Virological Surveillance and Preliminary Antigenic Characterization of Influenza Viruses in Pigs in Five European Countries from 2006 to 2008

I. Brown, C. Chiapponi, E. Foni, 2011, Zoonoses and public health.

Update – Swine-origin triple reassortant influenza A ( H 3 N 2 ) variant viruses in North America 17 August 2012

T. Uyeki, I. Brown, K. Johansen, 2012 .

Comparison of 2016–17 and Previous Epizootics of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5 Guangdong Lineage in Europe

A. Breed, I. Brown, C. Hjulsager, 2018, Emerging infectious diseases.

The Emergence of H7N7 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus from Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus Using an in ovo Embryo Culture Model

I. Brown, W. Barclay, R. Ellis, 2020, Viruses.

Evaluation of ELISA and haemagglutination inhibition as screening tests in serosurveillance for H5/H7 avian influenza in commercial chicken flocks

A. Breed, L. Larsen, I. Brown, 2018, Epidemiology and Infection.

Challenges for accurate and prompt molecular diagnosis of clades of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses emerging in Vietnam

I. Brown, M. Arnold, J. Banks, 2012, Avian pathology : journal of the W.V.P.A.

Transmission Studies Resume for Avian Flu

Y. Guan, R. Webster, R. Webby, 2013, Science.

Pause on Avian Flu Transmission Research

John Steel, Paul G. Thomas, Yi Guan, 2012, Science.

Nucleic acid sequence-based amplification methods to detect avian influenza virus

Ian H Brown, I. Brown, R. Collins, 2003, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications.

Evolutionary Dynamics of H5 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses (Clade 2.3.4.4B) Circulating in Bulgaria in 2019–2021

I. Brown, I. Monne, A. Fusaro, 2021, Viruses.

Initial incursion of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza A virus into European pigs

S. Reid, I. Brown, S. McDowell, 2010, Veterinary Record.

Reassortant Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus in pigs, United Kingdom.

S. Reid, I. Brown, W. Howard, 2011, Emerging infectious diseases.

Emergence of High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b in Wild Birds and Poultry in Botswana

S. Reid, I. Brown, G. Cattoli, 2022, Viruses.

S0950268821002740jra 1..12

S. Reid, I. Brown, T. Brough, 2022 .

First reported detection of a low pathogenicity avian influenza virus subtype H9 infection in domestic fowl in England

S. Reid, I. Brown, A. Ball, 2012, Veterinary Record.

Efficient and Informative Laboratory Testing for Rapid Confirmation of H5N1 (Clade 2.3.4.4) High-Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Outbreaks in the United Kingdom

S. Reid, I. Brown, A. Banyard, 2023, Viruses.

A universal RT-qPCR assay for “One Health” detection of influenza A viruses

I. Brown, L. Černíková, A. Nagy, 2020, bioRxiv.

Transmission dynamics between infected waterfowl and terrestrial poultry: Differences between the transmission and tropism of H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (clade 2.3.4.4a) among ducks, chickens and turkeys.

I. Brown, H. Everett, S. Brookes, 2020, Virology.

Ducks are susceptible to infection with a range of doses of H5N8 HPAIV (2016, clade 2.3.4.4b) and are largely resistant to virus-specific mortality, but efficiently transmit infection to contact turkeys

I. Brown, C. Bianco, S. Brookes, 2018 .

The Role of Airborne Particles in the Epidemiology of Clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus in Commercial Poultry Production Units

S. Reid, I. Brown, Joe James, 2023, bioRxiv.

Molecular epidemiology and pathogenicity of H5N1 and H9N2 avian influenza viruses in clinically affected chickens on farms in Bangladesh

I. Brown, J. Raghwani, J. Sealy, 2021, Emerging microbes & infections.

Experiences in control of avian influenza in Europe, the Russian Federation and the Middle East.

I. Brown, M. Pittman, V. Irza, 2007, Developments in biologicals.

Influenza A (H1N1) infection in pigs

M. Beer, L. Larsen, I. Brown, 2009, The Veterinary Record.

Novel H1N1 influenza in people: global spread from an animal source?

I. Brown, R. Irvine, 2009, Veterinary Record.

Reassortant Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus in Pigs, United Kingdom

S. Reid, I. Brown, W. Howard, 2011, Emerging Infectious Diseases.

High pathogenicity avian influenza (H5N1) in Northern Gannets: Global spread, clinical signs, and demographic consequences

Christopher R. Ward, Jude V Lane, W. Montevecchi, 2023, bioRxiv.

Potential resurgence of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza

M. Koopmans, I. Brown, T. Harder, 2011 .

Pathology of naturally acquired high pathogenicity avian influenza virus H5N1 infection in seabirds

S. Reid, I. Brown, G. Tyler, 2023, bioRxiv.

Investigating the Genetic Diversity of H5 Avian Influenza Viruses in the United Kingdom from 2020–2022

S. Reid, I. Brown, K. Lemon, 2023, Microbiology spectrum.

Detection of H3N8 influenza A virus with multiple mammalian-adaptive mutations in a rescued Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) pup

S. Reid, I. Brown, C. Bianco, 2019, bioRxiv.

Avian Influenza Viruses in Wild Birds: Virus Evolution in a Multihost Ecosystem

Timothy B. Stockwell, T. Stockwell, H. van Bakel, 2018, Journal of Virology.

Interspecies Transmission of Swine Influenza A Viruses and Human Seasonal Vaccine-Mediated Protection Investigated in Ferret Model

I. Brown, C. Chiapponi, E. Foni, 2023, Emerging infectious diseases.

Comparison of 2016–17 and Previous Epizootics of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5 Guangdong Lineage in Europe

A. Breed, I. Brown, C. Hjulsager, 2018, Emerging infectious diseases.

Antigenic mapping of the hemagglutinin of the H9 subtype influenza A viruses using sera from Japanese quail (Coturnix c. japonica)

L. Ferreri, I. Brown, A. Obadan, 2023, bioRxiv.

Surveillance and investigative diagnosis of a poultry flock in Great Britain co‐infected with an influenza A virus and an avirulent avian avulavirus type 1

S. Reid, I. Brown, H. Errington, 2019, Transboundary and emerging diseases.

H4N6 influenza virus isolated from pigs in Ontario.

I. Brown, A. Karasin, C. Olsen, 2000, The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne.

JMM Profile: Swine influenza A virus: a neglected virus with pandemic potential.

S. Reid, I. Brown, H. Everett, 2023, Journal of medical microbiology.

Prevalence and risk factors for swine influenza virus infection in the English pig population

D. Pfeiffer, I. Brown, A. Mastin, 2011, PLoS currents.

Seroprevalence of economically important viral pathogens in swine populations of Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies

C. Carrington, I. Brown, S. Brookes, 2017, Tropical Animal Health and Production.

Molecular Epidemiology and Evolution of Influenza Viruses Circulating within European Swine between 2009 and 2013

T. Lam, O. Pybus, P. Kellam, 2015, Journal of Virology.

Induced increase in virulence of low virulence highly [corrected] pathogenic avian influenza by serial intracerebral passage in chickens.

I. Brown, J. Banks, R. Gardner, 2007, Avian diseases.

Investigating the genetic diversity of H5 avian influenza in the UK 2020-2022

S. Reid, I. Brown, K. Lemon, 2022, bioRxiv.

The Detection of a Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus Subtype H9 Infection in a Turkey Breeder Flock in the United Kingdom

S. Reid, I. Brown, J. Banks, 2016, Avian diseases.

Outbreak of Eurasian lineage H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza in turkeys in Great Britain in November 2007

I. Brown, J. Banks, R. Manvell, 2014, Veterinary Record.

Evaluation of two different swab transport systems in the detection of avian influenza virus excretion from infected Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos).

I. Brown, R. Irvine, D. Alexander, 2012, Journal of virological methods.

Outbreak of New castle disease due to pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 in grey partridges (Perdix perdix) in Scotland in October 2006

I. Brown, R. Manvell, R. Irvine, 2009, Veterinary Record.

Pathological lesions observed in chickens pre-infected with LP H7N1 A/CK/Italy/1279/99 avian influenza and challenged with homologous HP H7N1 A/ostrich/Italy/984/00.

I. Brown, J. Banks, S. Essen, 2008 .

The ecology and age structure of a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus outbreak in wild mute swans

O. Pybus, C. Perrins, B. Sheldon, 2012, Parasitology.

Rapid detection and subtyping of European swine influenza viruses in porcine clinical samples by haemagglutinin and neuraminidasespecific tetra and triplex realtime RTPCRs

M. Beer, N. Zhao, E. Starick, 2016 .