M. Di Giulio

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The evolution of the genetic code took place in an anaerobic environment.

M. Archetti, M. Di Giulio, 2007, Journal of theoretical biology.

The last universal common ancestor (LUCA) and the ancestors of archaea and bacteria were progenotes.

M. Di Giulio, 2011, Journal of molecular evolution.

The universal ancestor and the ancestors of Archaea and Bacteria were anaerobes whereas the ancestor of the Eukarya domain was an aerobe

M. Di Giulio, 2007, Journal of evolutionary biology.

The tree of life might be rooted in the branch leading to Nanoarchaeota.

M. Di Giulio, 2007, Gene.

Some pungent arguments against the physico-chemical theories of the origin of the genetic code and corroborating the coevolution theory.

Massimo Di Giulio, M. Di Giulio, 2017, Journal of theoretical biology.

Some aspects of the organization and evolution of the genetic code.

M. Di Giulio, 1989, Journal of molecular evolution.

Was it an ancient gene codifying for a hairpin RNA that, by means of direct duplication, gave rise to the primitive tRNA molecule?

M. Di Giulio, M Di Giulio, 1995, Journal of theoretical biology.

A comparison among the models proposed to explain the origin of the tRNA molecule: A synthesis.

M. Di Giulio, 2009, Journal of molecular evolution.

The universal ancestor was a thermophile or a hyperthermophile: tests and further evidence.

M. Di Giulio, 2003, Journal of theoretical biology.

The universal ancestor lived in a thermophilic or hyperthermophilic environment.

M. Di Giulio, 2000, Journal of theoretical biology.

The Origin of the 5S Ribosomal RNA Molecule Could Have Been Caused by a Single Inverse Duplication: Strong Evidence from Its Sequences

M. Di Giulio, S. Branciamore, 2012, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

Structuring of the genetic code took place at acidic pH.

M. Di Giulio, 2005, Journal of theoretical biology.

Biological evidence against the panspermia theory.

M. Di Giulio, 2010, Journal of theoretical biology.

The ancestor of the Bacteria domain was a hyperthermophile.

M. Di Giulio, 2003, Journal of theoretical biology.

The origin of genes could be polyphyletic.

M. Di Giulio, 2008, Gene.

The origin of the tRNA molecule: implications for the origin of protein synthesis.

M. Di Giulio, 2004, Journal of theoretical biology.

Nanoarchaeum equitans is a living fossil.

M. Di Giulio, 2006, Journal of theoretical biology.

On the RNA World: Evidence in Favor of an Early Ribonucleopeptide World

M. Di Giulio, 1997, Journal of molecular evolution.

The Historical Factor: The Biosynthetic Relationships Between Amino Acids and Their Physicochemical Properties in the Origin of the Genetic Code

M. Di Giulio, M. Medugno, 1998, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

A methanogen hosted the origin of the genetic code.

M. Di Giulio, 2009, Journal of theoretical biology.

The universal ancestor and the ancestor of bacteria were hyperthermophiles.

M. Di Giulio, 2003, Journal of molecular evolution.

A novel three-unit tRNA splicing endonuclease found in ultrasmall Archaea possesses broad substrate specificity

Masaru Tomita, Jillian F. Banfield, Kosuke Fujishima, 2011, Nucleic acids research.

The non-monophyletic origin of the tRNA molecule and the origin of genes only after the evolutionary stage of the last universal common ancestor (LUCA).

M. Di Giulio, 2006, Journal of theoretical biology.

An extension of the coevolution theory of the origin of the genetic code

Massimo Di Giulio, M. Di Giulio, 2008, Biology Direct.

The origin of the genetic code: theories and their relationships, a review.

Massimo Di Giulio, M. Di Giulio, 2005, Bio Systems.

Intrinsic Properties of tRNA Molecules as Deciphered via Bayesian Network and Distribution Divergence Analysis

Grigoriy Gogoshin, Sergio Branciamore, Andrei S Rodin, 2018, Life.

A qualitative criterion for identifying the root of the tree of life.

M. Di Giulio, Massimo Di Giulio, 2019, Journal of theoretical biology.

The ocean abysses witnessed the origin of the genetic code.

M. Di Giulio, 2005, Gene.

The late appearance of DNA, the nature of the LUCA and ancestors of the domains of life.

M. Di Giulio, 2020, Bio Systems.

The indefinable term ‘prokaryote’ and the polyphyletic origin of genes

M. Di Giulio, 2017, Journal of Genetics.

The indefinable term ‘prokaryote’ and the polyphyletic origin of genes

M. Di Giulio, 2017, Journal of genetics.

The RNase P, LUCA, the ancestors of the life domains, the progenote, and the tree of life

M. Giulio, M. Di Giulio, 2021, Biosyst..

The universal ancestor, the deeper nodes of the tree of life, and the fundamental types of primary cells (cellular domains).

M. Di Giulio, 2019, Journal of theoretical biology.

Comparative Analysis of Barophily-Related Amino Acid Content in Protein Domains of Pyrococcus abyssi and Pyrococcus furiosus

Liudmila S. Yafremava, G. Caetano-Anollés, M. Di Giulio, 2013, Archaea.

The origins of the cell membrane, the progenote, and the universal ancestor (LUCA).

M. Di Giulio, 2022, Bio Systems.

Errors of the ancestral translation, LUCA, and nature of its direct descendants.

M. Di Giulio, 2021, Bio Systems.

The phylogenetic distribution of the cell division system would not imply a cellular LUCA but a progenotic LUCA.

M. Di Giulio, 2021, Bio Systems.

The universal ancestor was a thermophile or a hyperthermophile.

M. Di Giulio, 2001, Gene.

The Non-Biological Meaning of the Term “Prokaryote” and Its Implications

M. Di Giulio, 2014, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

LUCA as well as the ancestors of archaea, bacteria and eukaryotes were progenotes: Inference from the distribution and diversity of the reading mechanism of the AUA and AUG codons in the domains of life.

M. Di Giulio, 2020, Bio Systems.

The phylogenetic distribution of the glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase and Glu-tRNAGln amidotransferase in the fundamental lineages would imply that the ancestor of archaea, that of eukaryotes and LUCA were progenotes.

M. Di Giulio, 2020, Bio Systems.

A comparison of proteins from Pyrococcus furiosus and Pyrococcus abyssi: barophily in the physicochemical properties of amino acids and in the genetic code.

Massimo Di Giulio, M. Di Giulio, 2005, Gene.

On the optimization of the physicochemical distances between amino acids in the evolution of the genetic code.

M. R. Capobianco, M. Di Giulio, M Di Giulio, 1994, Journal of theoretical biology.

The Origin of the 5S Ribosomal RNA Molecule Could Have Been Caused by a Single Inverse Duplication: Strong Evidence from Its Sequences

M. Di Giulio, S. Branciamore, 2012, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

An RNA Ring was Not the Progenitor of the tRNA Molecule

M. Di Giulio, 2020, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

Reflections on the origin of the genetic code: a hypothesis.

M. Di Giulio, 1998, Journal of theoretical biology.

On the origin of the transfer RNA molecule.

M. Di Giulio, 1992, Journal of theoretical biology.

The Robust Statistical Bases of the Coevolution Theory of Genetic Code Origin

M. Di Giulio, M. Medugno, 2000, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

Physicochemical Optimization in the Genetic Code Origin as the Number of Codified Amino Acids Increases

Mario Medugno, Massimo Di Giulio, M. Di Giulio, 1999, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

The non-universality of the genetic code: the universal ancestor was a progenote.

M. Di Giulio, 2001, Journal of Theoretical Biology.

A Non-neutral Origin for Error Minimization in the Origin of the Genetic Code

M. Di Giulio, 2018, Journal of molecular evolution.

A discriminative test among the different theories proposed to explain the origin of the genetic code: The coevolution theory finds additional support.

M. Di Giulio, 2018, Bio Systems.

RNA editing and modifications of RNAs might have favoured the evolution of the triplet genetic code from an ennuplet code.

M. Moracci, B. Cobucci-Ponzano, M. Di Giulio, 2014, Journal of theoretical biology.

The close relationship between the biosynthetic families of amino acids and the organisation of the genetic code.

M. Di Giulio, Umberto Amato, 2009, Gene.

The key role of the elongation factors in the origin of the organization of the genetic code.

M. Di Giulio, 2019, Bio Systems.

The split genes of Nanoarchaeum equitans have not originated in its lineage and have been merged in another Nanoarchaeota: a reply to Podar et al.

M. Di Giulio, 2014, Journal of theoretical biology.

A polyphyletic model for the origin of tRNAs has more support than a monophyletic model.

M. Di Giulio, 2013, Journal of Theoretical Biology.

The 'recently' split transfer RNA genes may be close to merging the two halves of the tRNA rather than having just separated them.

M. Di Giulio, 2012, Journal of Theoretical Biology.

The origin of the tRNA molecule: Independent data favor a specific model of its evolution.

M. Di Giulio, Massimo Di Giulio, 2012, Biochimie.

Formal proof that the split genes of tRNAs of Nanoarchaeum equitans are an ancestral character.

M. Di Giulio, 2009, Journal of molecular evolution.

The split genes of Nanoarchaeum equitans are an ancestral character.

M. Di Giulio, 2008, Gene.

The error minimization of the genetic code would have been determined by natural selection and not by a neutral evolution.

M. Di Giulio, 2023, Bio Systems.

The genetic code is not an optimal code in a model taking into account both the biosynthetic relationships between amino acids and their physicochemical properties.

A. Facchiano, M. Di Giulio, 2018, Journal of theoretical biology.

The aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases had only a marginal role in the origin of the organization of the genetic code: Evidence in favor of the coevolution theory.

M. Di Giulio, 2017, Journal of theoretical biology.

The extension reached by the minimization of the polarity distances during the evolution of the genetic code.

M. Di Giulio, M Di Giulio, 1989, Journal of molecular evolution.

The Level and Landscape of Optimization in the Origin of the Genetic Code

M. Di Giulio, M. Medugno, 2001, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

Genetic code origin: are the pathways of type Glu-tRNA(Gln) --> Gln-tRNA(Gln) molecular fossils or not?

M. Di Giulio, 2002, Journal of molecular evolution.

On the Relationships between the Genetic Code Coevolution Hypothesis and the Physicochemical Hypothesis

M. Di Giulio, 1991, Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung. C, Journal of biosciences.

Permuted tRNA genes of Cyanidioschyzon merolae, the origin of the tRNA molecule and the root of the Eukarya domain.

M. Di Giulio, 2008, Journal of theoretical biology.

The non-monophyletic origin of the tRNA molecule.

M. Di Giulio, 1999, Journal of theoretical biology.

The basal phylogenetic position of Nanoarchaeum equitans (Nanoarchaeota).

E. Gallori, M. Di Giulio, S. Branciamore, 2008, Frontiers in bioscience : a journal and virtual library.

Second codon positions of genes and the secondary structures of proteins. Relationships and implications for the origin of the genetic code.

G Bernardi, G. Bernardi, M. Di Giulio, 2000, Gene.

Absorbent Markov chains as a model for the study of the evolution of proteins.

M. Di Giulio, F. Caldararo, 1987, Journal of theoretical biology.

The origin of the tRNA molecule: implications for the origin of protein synthesis.

M. Giulio, M. Di Giulio, 2004, Journal of theoretical biology.

The beta-sheets of proteins, the biosynthetic relationships between amino acids, and the origin of the genetic code.

M. Di Giulio, 1996, Origins of life and evolution of the biosphere : the journal of the International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life.

A Non-neutral Origin for Error Minimization in the Origin of the Genetic Code

M. Di Giulio, 2018, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

The lack of foundation in the mechanism on which are based the physico-chemical theories for the origin of the genetic code is counterposed to the credible and natural mechanism suggested by the coevolution theory.

M. Di Giulio, 2016, Journal of theoretical biology.