P. Kovanen

发表

Rab8 Regulates ABCA1 Cell Surface Expression and Facilitates Cholesterol Efflux in Primary Human Macrophages

V. Pietiäinen, E. Ikonen, Matts D. Linder, 2009, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

Insulin resistance in familial and nonfamilial hypercholesterolemia.

M. Laakso, P. Kovanen, P. Karhapää, 1993, Arteriosclerosis and thrombosis : a journal of vascular biology.

Aggregation Susceptibility of Low-Density Lipoproteins—A Novel Modifiable Biomarker of Cardiovascular Risk

P. Kovanen, K. Öörni, 2021, Journal of clinical medicine.

Lipid droplets in activated mast cells - a significant source of triglyceride-derived arachidonic acid for eicosanoid production.

S. Schlager, P. Kovanen, W. Schneider, 2016, European journal of pharmacology.

Lipid body formation during maturation of human mast cells

Katarina Hattula, S. Butcher, S. Schlager, 2011, Journal of Lipid Research.

Lipoprotein(a) as a cardiovascular risk factor: current status

J. Borén, M. Taskinen, G. Watts, 2010, European heart journal.

Cathepsin G activity lowers plasma LDL and reduces atherosclerosis.

P. Libby, P. Kovanen, A. Lesner, 2014, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

Mast cells: important players in the orchestrated pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms.

M. Mäyränpää, P. Kovanen, J. Swedenborg, 2011, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

Regulation of cholesterol synthesis and storage in fat cells.

P. Kovanen, T. Miettinen, E. Nikkilä, 1975, Journal of lipid research.

Association of the Fibrinolytic System and Hemorheology with Symptoms in Patients with Carotid Occlusive Disease

M. Kaste, L. Soinne, P. Kovanen, 2005, Cerebrovascular Diseases.

Adhesion molecule expression in symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid stenosis

M. Kaste, O. Salonen, L. Soinne, 2003, Neurology.

Decorin links low-density lipoproteins (LDL) to collagen: a novel mechanism for retention of LDL in the atherosclerotic plaque.

P. Kovanen, M. Pentikäinen, 1999, Trends in cardiovascular medicine.

LDL Receptor Regulates the Reverse Transport of Macrophage-Derived Unesterified Cholesterol via Concerted Action of the HDL-LDL Axis

D. Gómez-Coronado, M. Jauhiainen, J. Metso, 2020, Circulation research.

Enhanced vascular permeability facilitates entry of plasma HDL and promotes macrophage-reverse cholesterol transport from skin in mice

M. Jauhiainen, P. Kovanen, Pirkka-Pekka Laurila, 2015, Journal of Lipid Research.

Acidity and lipolysis by group V secreted phospholipase A(2) strongly increase the binding of apoB-100-containing lipoproteins to human aortic proteoglycans.

M. Jauhiainen, P. Kovanen, Mervi Alanne-Kinnunen, 2012, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

Conformational changes of apoB-100 in SMase-modified LDL mediate formation of large aggregates at acidic pH[S]

M. Riekkola, P. Kovanen, K. Öörni, 2012, Journal of Lipid Research.

Acidity increases the uptake of native LDL by human monocyte-derived macrophages.

P. Kovanen, K. Öörni, Riia Plihtari, 2011, Atherosclerosis.

Phospholipase A(2)-modified LDL particles retain the generated hydrolytic products and are more atherogenic at acidic pH.

P. Soininen, M. Ala-Korpela, P. Kovanen, 2009, Atherosclerosis.

Familial hypercholesterolaemia in Finland: common, rare and mild mutations of the LDL receptor and their clinical consequences

P. Kovanen, H. Gylling, T. Miettinen, 2001, Annals of medicine.

Activated Mast Cells Induce Endothelial Cell Apoptosis by a Combined Action of Chymase and Tumor Necrosis Factor-&agr;

P. Kovanen, K. Lindstedt, Jukka K. Hakala, 2007, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

Important Players in the Orchestrated Pathogenesis of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

M. Mäyränpää, P. Kovanen, J. Swedenborg, 2011 .

Expression of Antizyme Inhibitor 2 in Mast Cells and Role of Polyamines as Selective Regulators of Serotonin Secretion

L. Andersson, P. Kovanen, J. Lappalainen, 2009, PloS one.

Chlamydia pneumoniae Proteins Induce Secretion of the 92-kDa Gelatinase by Human Monocyte– Derived Macrophages

M. Sarvas, P. Kovanen, M. Puolakkainen, 2001, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

Chlamydia pneumoniaeProteins Induce Secretion of the 92-kDa Gelatinase by Human Monocyte– Derived Macrophages

M. Sarvas, P. Kovanen, M. Puolakkainen, 2000 .

Mast cells generated from patients with atopic eczema have enhanced levels of granule mediators and an impaired Dectin‐1 expression

G. Nilsson, A. Scheynius, P. Kovanen, 2011, Allergy.

Application of self-organizing maps in conformational analysis of lipids.

W El-Deredy, M Ala-Korpela, Y. Hiltunen, 2001, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

p38&dgr; MAPK: A Novel Regulator of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation With Increased Expression in Coronary Atherogenesis

J. Tuimala, A. Risco, A. Cuenda, 2016, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

Mast Cell Stabilization Reduces Hemorrhage Formation and Mortality After Administration of Thrombolytics in Experimental Ischemic Stroke

M. Karjalainen‐Lindsberg, T. Tatlisumak, D. Strbian, 2007, Circulation.

Saturation and suppression of hepatic lipoprotein receptors: a mechanism for the hypercholesterolemia of cholesterol-fed rabbits.

M. Brown, P. Kovanen, J. Goldstein, 1981, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

Arterial endothelial denudation by intraluminal use of papaverine-NaCl solution in coronary bypass surgery.

M. Mäyränpää, P. Kovanen, Kalervo A Werkkala, 2004, European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.

Accumulation of activated mast cells in the shoulder region of human coronary atheroma, the predilection site of atheromatous rupture.

P. Kovanen, M. Kaartinen, A. Penttilä, 1994, Circulation.

Proteolysis sensitizes LDL particles to phospholipolysis by secretory phospholipase A2 group V and secretory sphingomyelinase

P. Kovanen, K. Öörni, E. Hurt-Camejo, 2010, Journal of Lipid Research.

Serum Amyloid A Is Present in Human Saccular Intracranial Aneurysm Walls and Associates With Aneurysm Rupture

P. Kovanen, M. Niemelä, B. Jahromi, 2021, Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology.

Myeloperoxidase Associates With Degenerative Remodeling and Rupture of the Saccular Intracranial Aneurysm Wall

P. Kovanen, J. Hernesniemi, J. Frösen, 2018, Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology.

Phytosterol-mediated inhibition of intestinal cholesterol absorption in mice is independent of liver X receptor.

M. Motilva, A. Valledor, P. Kovanen, 2017, Molecular nutrition & food research.

Lipolytic modification of LDL by phospholipase A2 induces particle aggregation in the absence and fusion in the presence of heparin.

M. Ala-Korpela, P. Kovanen, K. Oörni, 1999, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

Lipolysis of LDL by Human Secretory Phospholipase A2 Induces Particle Fusion and Enhances the Retention of LDL to Human Aortic Proteoglycans

P. Kovanen, K. Öörni, E. Hurt-Camejo, 2001, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

Aggregation, fusion, and vesicle formation of modified low density lipoprotein particles: molecular mechanisms and effects on matrix interactions.

M. Ala-Korpela, P. Kovanen, K. Öörni, 2000, Journal of lipid research.

Three-Dimensional cryoEM Reconstruction of Native LDL Particles to 16Å Resolution at Physiological Body Temperature

Jukka Heikkonen, Kimmo Kaski, Peter Engelhardt, 2011, PloS one.

Mast cells: from lipid droplets to lipid mediators

P. Kovanen, W. Schneider, A. Dichlberger, 2013, Clinical science.

Structure of low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles: basis for understanding molecular changes in modified LDL.

M. Ala-Korpela, M. Hyvönen, P. Kovanen, 2000, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

Inhibition of the Oxidative Modification of LDL by Nitecapone

P. Kovanen, K. Lindstedt, M. Pentikäinen, 1995 .

Decreasing the Cholesterol Burden in Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia Children by Dietary Plant Stanol Esters

P. Kovanen, A. Vuorio, 2018, Nutrients.

Lysosomal Enzymes Are Released From Cultured Human Macrophages, Hydrolyze LDL In Vitro, and Are Present Extracellularly in Human Atherosclerotic Lesions

H. Du, P. Kovanen, G. Grabowski, 2003, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

Low-Density Lipoprotein Modified by Macrophage-Derived Lysosomal Hydrolases Induces Expression and Secretion of IL-8 Via p38 MAPK and NF-&kgr;B by Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages

P. Kovanen, K. Lindstedt, M. Pentikäinen, 2006 .

Homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: new insights and guidance for clinicians to improve detection and clinical management. A position paper from the Consensus Panel on Familial Hypercholesterolaemia of the European Atherosclerosis Society

J. Borén, S. Humphries, M. Taskinen, 2014, Turk Kardiyoloji Dernegi arsivi : Turk Kardiyoloji Derneginin yayin organidir.

Bradykinin Type-2 Receptor Expression Correlates with Age and Is Subjected to Transcriptional Regulation

P. Kovanen, K. Lindstedt, N. Shiota, 2011, International journal of vascular medicine.

Stimulation of mast cells leads to cholesterol accumulation in macrophages in vitro by a mast cell granule-mediated uptake of low density lipoprotein.

P. Kovanen, J. Kokkonen, 1987, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

Rupture of the Atherosclerotic Plaque: Does a Good Animal Model Exist?

A. von Eckardstein, S. Lorkowski, P. Cullen, 2003, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

Mast cell-dependent proteolytic modification of HDL particles during anaphylactic shock in the mouse reduces their ability to induce cholesterol efflux from macrophage foam cells ex vivo.

M. Jauhiainen, J. Metso, P. Kovanen, 2010, Atherosclerosis.

Chymase in exocytosed rat mast cell granules effectively proteolyzes apolipoprotein AI-containing lipoproteins, so reducing the cholesterol efflux-inducing ability of serum and aortic intimal fluid.

P. Kovanen, J. Fruchart, G. Castro, 1996, The Journal of clinical investigation.

Depletion of pre beta 1LpA1 and LpA4 particles by mast cell chymase reduces cholesterol efflux from macrophage foam cells induced by plasma.

A. von Eckardstein, G. Assmann, P. Kovanen, 1999, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

Identification of domains in apoA-I susceptible to proteolysis by mast cell chymase. Implications for HDL function.

P. Kovanen, A. Catapano, P. Uboldi, 2000, Journal of lipid research.

Aggregation and fusion of modified low density lipoprotein.

P. Kovanen, M. Pentikäinen, E. Lehtonen, 1996, Journal of lipid research.

Proteolysis of pericellular matrix: a process linking inflammation to plaque destabilization and rupture.

P. Kovanen, K. Lindstedt, 2004, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

Lysophosphatidylcholine in phospholipase A2-modified LDL triggers secretion of angiopoietin 2.

K. Alitalo, P. Saharinen, M. Mäyränpää, 2021, Atherosclerosis.

Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents: gaining decades of life by optimizing detection and treatment

J. Borén, S. Humphries, M. Taskinen, 2015, European heart journal.

[Homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: new insights and guidance for clinicians to improve detection and clinical management. A position paper from the Consensus Panel on Familial Hypercholesterolaemia of the European Atherosclerosis Society].

J. Borén, S. Humphries, M. Taskinen, 2015, Turk Kardiyoloji Dernegi arsivi : Turk Kardiyoloji Derneginin yayin organidir.

The role of red yeast rice (RYR) supplementation in plasma cholesterol control: A review and expert opinion.

D. Panagiotakos, W. März, M. Banach, 2019, Atherosclerosis. Supplements.

A comparison of different formulations and dosage administrations of gemfibrozil.

P. Kovanen, P. Koskinen, V. Manninen, 1986, The American journal of cardiology.

A comparison of different formulations and dosage administrations of gemfibrozil.

P. Kovanen, P. Koskinen, V. Manninen, 1986, The American journal of cardiology.

Regulation of local angiotensin II formation in the human heart in the presence of interstitial fluid. Inhibition of chymase by protease inhibitors of interstitial fluid and of angiotensin-converting enzyme by Ang-(1-9) formed by heart carboxypeptidase A-like activity.

P. Kovanen, J. Saarinen, J. Kokkonen, 1997, Circulation.

Kinin-degrading pathways in the human heart.

P. Kovanen, K. Lindstedt, J. Kokkonen, 2000, Trends in cardiovascular medicine.

Maintained efficacy of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis.

H. Joensuu, L. Laasonen, P. Kovanen, 2008, Journal of clinical rheumatology : practical reports on rheumatic & musculoskeletal diseases.

Immunochemical Analysis of the Electronegative LDL Subfraction Shows That Abnormal N-terminal Apolipoprotein B Conformation Is Involved in Increased Binding to Proteoglycans*

P. Kovanen, J. Ordóñez‐Llanos, K. Öörni, 2010, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

In situ delipidation of low-density lipoproteins in capillary electrochromatography yields apolipoprotein B-100-coated surfaces for interaction studies.

M. Riekkola, P. Kovanen, K. Oörni, 2008, Analytical biochemistry.

Three-Dimensional cryoEM Reconstruction of Native LDL Particles to 16 angstrom Resolution at Physiological Body Temperature

Kaski, J. Heikkonen, Vibhor Kumar, 2022 .

Acute-phase response and thrombin generation in predicting coronary risk.

P. Kovanen, M. Mänttäri, 2001, The Israel Medical Association journal : IMAJ.

Familial hypercholesterolemia and elevated lipoprotein(a): double heritable risk and new therapeutic opportunities

G. Watts, P. Kovanen, W. Schneider, 2020, Journal of internal medicine.

Why and how increased plasma ceramides predict future cardiovascular events?

M. Jauhiainen, P. Kovanen, K. Öörni, 2020, Atherosclerosis.

Effects of orlistat on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 27 randomized controlled clinical trials.

A. Sahebkar, P. Kovanen, C. Pedone, 2017, Journal of the American Society of Hypertension : JASH.

Hydroxychloroquine reduces interleukin-6 levels after myocardial infarction: The randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled OXI pilot trial.

J. Sinisalo, P. Kovanen, T. Nieminen, 2021, International journal of cardiology.

Association Between Complement Factor H and Proteoglycans in Early Human Coronary Atherosclerotic Lesions: Implications for Local Regulation of Complement Activation

S. Meri, H. Jarva, P. Kovanen, 2003, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

Angiotensin II formation in the human heart: an ACE or non-ACE-mediated pathway?

P. Kovanen, J. Saarinen, J. Kokkonen, 1998, Annals of medicine.

Statin treatment of children with familial hypercholesterolemia--trying to balance incomplete evidence of long-term safety and clinical accountability: are we approaching a consensus?

S. Humphries, P. Kovanen, K. Docherty, 2013, Atherosclerosis.

Severe Spontaneous Atherosclerosis in two Korat Breed Cats is Comparable to Human Atherosclerosis.

A. Sukura, M. Mäyränpää, P. Kovanen, 2021, Journal of comparative pathology.

Mast Cells as Potential Accelerators of Human Atherosclerosis—From Early to Late Lesions

P. Kovanen, 2019, International journal of molecular sciences.

Risk Haplotype Predisposes to Acute Coronary Syndrome

V. Salomaa, M. Perola, M. Nieminen, 2016 .

Spatial distributions of lipids in atherosclerosis of human coronary arteries studied by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry.

M. Mäyränpää, P. Kovanen, P. Sjövall, 2015, The American journal of pathology.

Mast cells and degradation of pericellular and extracellular matrices: potential contributions to erosion, rupture and intraplaque haemorrhage of atherosclerotic plaques.

P. Kovanen, 2007, Biochemical Society transactions.

Mast Cells in Neovascularized Human Coronary Plaques Store and Secrete Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor, a Potent Angiogenic Mediator

A. Sajantila, P. Kovanen, M. Pentikäinen, 2004, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

Mast Cells in Atherosclerotic Human Coronary Arteries: Implications for Coronary Fatty Streak Formation and Plaque Erosion or Rupture

P. Kovanen, K. Lindstedt, Miriam Lee, 2003 .

Evidence for complement activation in ruptured coronary plaques in acute myocardial infarction.

S. Meri, T. Paavonen, P. Kovanen, 2002, The American journal of cardiology.

Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) Strongly Links Native and Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein Particles to Decorin-coated Collagen

P. Kovanen, K. Öörni, M. Pentikäinen, 2000, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

Mast cells associate with T-cells and neointimal microvessels in giant cell arteritis.

M. Mäyränpää, P. Kovanen, S. Nikkari, 2008, Clinical and experimental rheumatology.

In search of an endpoint.

P. Kovanen, I. Tabas, 2000, Current opinion in lipidology.

Regulation of efferocytosis by caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death in atherosclerosis.

M. Banach, P. Kovanen, A. Tajbakhsh, 2020, The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology.

Serum tryptase levels in acute coronary syndromes.

P. Kovanen, M. Kaartinen, M. Mänttäri, 2005, International journal of cardiology.

Mast cells as a unique hematopoietic lineage and cell system: From Paul Ehrlich's visions to precision medicine concepts

G. Nilsson, M. Triggiani, A. Órfão, 2020, Theranostics.

Advances in the Classification and Treatment of Mastocytosis: Current Status and Outlook toward the Future.

G. Nilsson, M. Triggiani, C. Bindslev‐Jensen, 2017, Cancer research.

Alterations of Cardiac Protein Kinases in Cyclic Nucleotide-Dependent Signaling Pathways in Human Ischemic Heart Failure

J. Sinisalo, I. Tikkanen, M. Mäyränpää, 2022, Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.

Increased circulating concentrations and augmented myocardial extraction of osteoprotegerin in heart failure due to left ventricular pressure overload

P. Kovanen, J. Lommi, M. Kupari, 2007, European journal of heart failure.

Statistical vs clinical significance: A matter of debate for orlistat treatment.

P. Kovanen, Ž. Reiner, A. Sahebkar, 2017, Pharmacological research.

Mast cells in rupture-prone areas of human coronary atheromas produce and store TNF-alpha.

P. Kovanen, M. Kaartinen, A. Penttilä, 1996, Circulation.

Prevention Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents : gaining decades of life by optimizing detection and treatment

J. Borén, S. Humphries, M. Taskinen, 2015 .

Dilated cardiomyopathy alters the expression patterns of CAR and other adenoviral receptors in human heart

M. Mäyränpää, P. Kovanen, M. Savontaus, 2010, Histochemistry and Cell Biology.

The estradiol-stimulated lipoprotein receptor of rat liver. A binding site that membrane mediates the uptake of rat lipoproteins containing apoproteins B and E.

Y. Chao, R. Havel, M. Brown, 1980, The Journal of biological chemistry.

Increased binding of low density lipoprotein to liver membranes from rats treated with 17 alpha-ethinyl estradiol.

M. Brown, P. Kovanen, J. Goldstein, 1979, The Journal of biological chemistry.

Spontaneous remodeling of HDL particles at acidic pH enhances their capacity to induce cholesterol efflux from human macrophage foam cells[S]

M. Jauhiainen, J. Metso, P. Kovanen, 2012, Journal of Lipid Research.

Acidic Extracellular Environments Strongly Impair ABCA1-Mediated Cholesterol Efflux From Human Macrophage Foam Cells

M. Jauhiainen, P. Kovanen, J. Lappalainen, 2010, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

Familial hypercholesterolemia and COVID-19: A menacing but treatable vasculopathic condition

T. Strandberg, R. Santos, P. Kovanen, 2021, Atherosclerosis Plus.

Statins for children with familial hypercholesterolemia.

S. Humphries, S. Tonstad, P. Kovanen, 2017, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

Statins for children with familial hypercholesterolemia.

S. Humphries, S. Tonstad, P. Kovanen, 2020, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

Pharmacologic prevention of coronary plaque rupture - the major cause of acute coronary syndromes

P. Kovanen, M. Pentikäinen, 2007 .

Statins for children with familial hypercholesterolemia.

S. Humphries, S. Tonstad, P. Kovanen, 2019, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

Cochrane Review: Statins for children with familial hypercholesterolemia

S. Humphries, S. Tonstad, T. Strandberg, 2011 .

Proteolysis of the Pericellular Matrix: A Novel Element Determining Cell Survival and Death in the Pathogenesis of Plaque Erosion and Rupture

P. Kovanen, K. Lindstedt, M. Leskinen, 2004, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

Mast cells in human carotid atherosclerotic plaques are associated with intraplaque microvessel density and the occurrence of future cardiovascular events.

P. Quax, F. Moll, G. Pasterkamp, 2013, European heart journal.

Haptoglobin 2 allele associates with unstable carotid plaque and major cardiovascular events.

M. Kaste, A. Jula, M. Kähönen, 2013, Atherosclerosis.

Very low density lipoproteins derived from periodontitis patients facilitate macrophage activation via lipopolysaccharide function.

M. Jauhiainen, P. Kovanen, P. Pussinen, 2013, Metabolism: clinical and experimental.

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans induces MMP-9 expression and proatherogenic lipoprotein profile in apoE-deficient mice.

M. Jauhiainen, J. Metso, P. Kovanen, 2008, Microbial pathogenesis.

Pro-atherogenic lung and oral pathogens induce an inflammatory response in human and mouse mast cells

P. Kovanen, J. Lappalainen, P. Pussinen, 2008, Journal of cellular and molecular medicine.

Prediction of myocardial infarction in dyslipidemic men by elevated levels of immunoglobulin classes A, E, and G, but not M.

P. Kovanen, V. Manninen, K. Aho, 1998, Archives of internal medicine.

Acute Psychological Stress Accelerates Reverse Cholesterol Transport via Corticosterone-Dependent Inhibition of Intestinal Cholesterol Absorption

M. Jauhiainen, J. Metso, N. Rotllan, 2012, Circulation research.

Release of newly synthesized squalene, methyl sterols and cholesterol from human adipocytes in the presence of lipoproteins.

P. Kovanen, R. Tilvis, T. Miettinen, 1978, Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation.

Cholesterol exchange between fat cells, chylomicrons and plasma lipoproteins.

P. Kovanen, E. Nikkilä, 1976, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

Mast cells in atherosclerosis as a source of the cytokine RANKL

Y. Konttinen, P. Kovanen, N. Ashammakhi, 2006, Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine.

Mast cells in atherogenesis: Actions and reactions

P. Kovanen, 2009, Current atherosclerosis reports.

Mast cell proteases: physiological tools to study functional significance of high density lipoproteins in the initiation of reverse cholesterol transport.

P. Kovanen, M. Lee-Rueckert, 2006, Atherosclerosis.

Induction of local angiotensin II-producing systems in stenotic aortic valves.

M. Mäyränpää, P. Kovanen, J. Lommi, 2004, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

HDL functionality in familial hypercholesterolemia: effects of treatment modalities and pharmacological interventions.

A. Gotto, M. Banach, P. Kovanen, 2018, Drug discovery today.

Inhibition of hepatic microsomal triglyceride transfer protein – a novel therapeutic option for treatment of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia

P. Kovanen, A. Vuorio, M. Tikkanen, 2014, Vascular health and risk management.

Functional LCAT is not required for macrophage cholesterol efflux to human serum.

G. Franceschini, E. Favari, M. Adorni, 2009, Atherosclerosis.

Chymase released from hypoxia-activated cardiac mast cells cleaves human apoA-I at Tyr192 and compromises its cardioprotective activity[S]

M. Baumann, M. Jauhiainen, P. Kovanen, 2018, Journal of Lipid Research.

Regulatory role for hepatic low density lipoprotein receptors in vivo in the dog.

D. Bilheimer, M. Brown, P. Kovanen, 1981, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

The mast cell, a rich source of neutral proteases in atherosclerotic plaques

P. Kovanen, K. Öörni, K. Lindstedt, 2004 .

Degranulation of cutaneous mast cells induces transendothelial transport and local accumulation of plasma LDL in rat skin in vivo.

P. Kovanen, H. Ma, H. Ma, 1997, Journal of lipid research.

Mast cell‐mediated apoptosis of endothelial cells in vitro: A paracrine mechanism involving TNF‐α‐mediated down‐regulation of bcl‐2 expression

P. Kovanen, K. Lindstedt, N. Shiota, 2003, Journal of cellular physiology.

Extracellular modifications of HDL in vivo and the emerging concept of proteolytic inactivation of pre&bgr;-HDL

P. Kovanen, M. Lee-Rueckert, 2011, Current opinion in lipidology.

Oxidation of Low Density Lipoprotein Particles Decreases Their Ability to Bind to Human Aortic Proteoglycans

A. Annila, P. Kovanen, K. Öörni, 1997, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

PCSK9 inhibitors for COVID‐19: an opportunity to enhance the antiviral action of interferon in patients with hypercholesterolaemia

P. Kovanen, A. Vuorio, 2020, Journal of internal medicine.

Depicting new pharmacological strategies for familial hypercholesterolaemia involving lipoprotein (a)

G. Watts, P. Kovanen, A. Vuorio, 2017, European heart journal.

Metabolism of LDL in mast cells recovering from degranulation. Description of a novel intracellular pathway leading to proteolytic modification of the lipoprotein.

P. Kovanen, K. Lindstedt, J. Kokkonen, 1993, Arteriosclerosis and thrombosis : a journal of vascular biology.

An Imbalance Between CD36 and ABCA1 Protein Expression Favors Lipid Accumulation in Stroke-Prone Ulcerated Carotid Plaques

M. Kaste, L. Soinne, P. Kovanen, 2010, Stroke.

Low density lipoprotein receptors in bovine adrenal cortex. I. Receptor-mediated uptake of low density lipoprotein and utilization of its cholesterol for steroid synthesis in cultured adrenocortical cells.

M. Brown, P. Kovanen, J. Goldstein, 1979, Endocrinology.

Degradation of Phospholipid Transfer Protein (PLTP) and PLTP-generated Pre-β-high Density Lipoprotein by Mast Cell Chymase Impairs High Affinity Efflux of Cholesterol from Macrophage Foam Cells*

M. Jauhiainen, J. Metso, P. Kovanen, 2003, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

Phagocytosis of mast cell granule remnant-bound LDL by smooth muscle cells of synthetic phenotype: a scavenger receptor-mediated process that effectively stimulates cytoplasmic cholesteryl ester synthesis.

P. Kovanen, K. Lindstedt, Y. Wang, 1996, Journal of lipid research.

Mast cell granule remnants carry LDL into smooth muscle cells of the synthetic phenotype and induce their conversion into foam cells.

P. Kovanen, K. Lindstedt, Yenfeng Wang, 1995, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

Mast cell granule-mediated uptake of low density lipoproteins by macrophages: a novel carrier mechanism leading to the formation of foam cells.

P. Kovanen, 1991, Annals of medicine.

Low density lipoprotein receptors in bovine adrenal cortex. II. Low density lipoprotein binding to membranes prepared from fresh tissue.

M. Brown, P. Kovanen, J. Goldstein, 1979, Endocrinology.

Will autoantibodies help to determine severity and progression of atherosclerosis?

P. Kovanen, J. Nilsson, 2004, Current opinion in lipidology.

Desquamation of human coronary artery endothelium by human mast cell proteases: implications for plaque erosion

M. Mäyränpää, P. Kovanen, K. Lindstedt, 2006, Coronary artery disease.

In search of a starting point.

P. Kovanen, I. Tabas, 2001, Current opinion in lipidology.

Extracellular mast cell granules carry apolipoprotein B-100-containing lipoproteins into phagocytes in human arterial intima. Functional coupling of exocytosis and phagodytosis in neighboring cells.

P. Kovanen, M. Kaartinen, A. Penttilä, 1995, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

Proteolytic degradation of low-density lipoprotein by lipoprotein(a) and by recombinant apo(a).

M. Jauhiainen, C. Ehnholm, P. Kovanen, 1994, Chemistry and physics of lipids.

Inhibition of copper-mediated oxidation of LDL by rat serosal mast cells. A novel cellular protective mechanism involving proteolysis of the substrate under oxidative stress.

P. Kovanen, K. Lindstedt, J. Kokkonen, 1993, Arteriosclerosis and thrombosis : a journal of vascular biology.

Proteolysis and Fusion of Low Density Lipoprotein Particles Strengthen Their Binding to Human Aortic Proteoglycans (*)

A. Annila, P. Kovanen, J. Saarinen, 1995, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

Chymase bound to heparin is resistant to its natural inhibitors and capable of proteolyzing high density lipoproteins in aortic intimal fluid.

P. Kovanen, L. Lindstedt, M. Lee, 2001, Atherosclerosis.

Soluble heparin proteoglycans released from stimulated mast cells induce uptake of low density lipoproteins by macrophages via scavenger receptor-mediated phagocytosis.

P. Kovanen, K. Lindstedt, J. Kokkonen, 1992, Journal of lipid research.

Finnish type of low density lipoprotein receptor gene mutation (FH-Helsinki) deletes exons encoding the carboxy-terminal part of the receptor and creates an internalization-defective phenotype.

P. Kovanen, K. Kontula, K. Aalto-Setälä, 1989, The Journal of clinical investigation.

Studies on the defect underlying the lysosomal storage of sialic acid in Salla disease. Lysosomal accumulation of sialic acid formed from N-acetyl-mannosamine or derived from low density lipoprotein in cultured mutant fibroblasts.

K. Raivio, C. Gahmberg, C. Ehnholm, 1986, The Journal of clinical investigation.

A role for cardiac mast cells in the pathogenesis of hypertensive heart disease

J. Rysä, P. Kovanen, K. Lindstedt, 2003, Journal of hypertension.

Separate mechanisms for the uptake of high and low density lipoproteins by mouse adrenal gland in vivo.

M. Brown, P. Kovanen, J. Goldstein, 1979, The Journal of biological chemistry.

Modified Lipoprotein-Derived Lipid Particles Accumulate in Human Stenotic Aortic Valves

P. Kovanen, M. Kupari, K. Öörni, 2013, PloS one.

Role for chymase in heart failure: angiotensin II-dependent or -independent mechanisms?

P. Kovanen, K. Lindstedt, J. Kokkonen, 2003, Circulation.

Adipose triglyceride lipase regulates eicosanoid production in activated human mast cells

S. Schlager, P. Kovanen, W. Schneider, 2014, Journal of Lipid Research.

A tale of two therapies lipid-lowering vs anti-inflammatory therapy - a false dichotomy?

P. Libby, T. Strandberg, P. Kovanen, 2020, European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy.

Absence of endogenous phospholipid transfer protein impairs ABCA1-dependent efflux of cholesterol from macrophage foam cells Published, JLR Papers in Press, May 10, 2006.

M. Jauhiainen, J. Metso, C. Ehnholm, 2006, Journal of Lipid Research.

Familial hypercholesterolemia and statins in the COVID-19 era: Mitigating the risk of ischemic stroke

M. Kaste, P. Kovanen, A. Vuorio, 2021, eNeurologicalSci.

Mast Cell Chymase Degrades ApoE and ApoA-II in ApoA-I–Knockout Mouse Plasma and Reduces Its Ability to Promote Cellular Cholesterol Efflux

G. Franceschini, G. Chiesa, P. Kovanen, 2002, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

Plasmin and kallikrein reduce HDL-induced cholesterol efflux from foam cells.

P. Kovanen, L. Lindstedt, 2000, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

Transcardiac gradients of circulating apelin: extraction by normal hearts vs. release by hearts failing due to pressure overload.

P. Kovanen, J. Lommi, M. Kupari, 2010, Journal of applied physiology.

Possible role for mast cell-derived cathepsin G in the adverse remodelling of stenotic aortic valves.

M. Mäyränpää, P. Kovanen, J. Lommi, 2006, European heart journal.

Increased Expression of Elastolytic Cathepsins S, K, and V and Their Inhibitor Cystatin C in Stenotic Aortic Valves

M. Mäyränpää, P. Kovanen, J. Lommi, 2006 .

Human mast cells arise from a common circulating progenitor.

P. Kovanen, J. Lappalainen, K. Maaninka, 2013, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

Cellular pathology of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.

D. Bilheimer, P. Kovanen, L. Buja, 1979, The American journal of pathology.

Receptor-mediated uptake of lipoprotein-cholesterol and its utilization for steroid synthesis in the adrenal cortex.

M. Brown, P. Kovanen, J. Goldstein, 1979, Recent progress in hormone research.

EVOLUTION OF THE LDL RECEPTOR CONCEPT–FROM CULTURED CELLS TO INTACT ANIMALS *

M. Brown, P. Kovanen, J. Goldstein, 1980, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

M. Jauhiainen, C. Ehnholm, M. Mäyränpää, 2008, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS OF HOMOZYGOUS FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLÆMIA Expression of a Genetic Receptor Disease in Utero

J. Fryns, P. Kovanen, J. Goldstein, 1978, The Lancet.

Endogenous cholesterol synthesis is sufficient for ACTH-induced differentiation of rat adrenocortical cells in primary culture

P. Heikkilä, C. Ehnholm, P. Kovanen, 1988, In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology.

Sequential expression of high and low density lipoprotein receptors in differentiating fetal rat adrenocortical cells in primary culture.

P. Heikkilä, C. Ehnholm, P. Kovanen, 1989, Endocrinology.

13 Low-density lipoprotein receptors

P. Kovanen, 1983 .

Regulation of low density lipoprotein receptors by adrenocorticotropin in the adrenal gland of mice and rats in vivo.

M. Brown, P. Kovanen, J. Goldstein, 1980, The Journal of biological chemistry.

Deletion of exon 15 of the LDL receptor gene is associated with a mild form of familial hypercholesterolemia. FH-Espoo.

P. Kovanen, H. Gylling, T. Miettinen, 1993, Arteriosclerosis and thrombosis : a journal of vascular biology.

Regulation of plasma cholesterol by hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptors.

P. Kovanen, 1987, American heart journal.

Effects of mevinolin, an inhibitor of cholesterol synthesis, on the morphology and function of differentiating and differentiated rat adrenocortical cells in primary culture

P. Heikkilä, C. Ehnholm, P. Kovanen, 1990, Cell and Tissue Research.

The effect of low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol on steroid hormone production and ACTH-induced differentiation of rat adrenocortical cells in primary culture

P. Heikkilä, C. Ehnholm, P. Kovanen, 1989, Cell and Tissue Research.

Increased expression of elastolytic cathepsins S, K, and V and their inhibitor cystatin C in stenotic aortic valves.

M. Mäyränpää, P. Kovanen, J. Lommi, 2006, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

Lipoprotein(a) as a risk factor for calcific aortic valvulopathy in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.

G. Watts, P. Kovanen, A. Vuorio, 2019, Atherosclerosis.

Cholesterol-lowering drugs for high-risk hypercholesterolemia patients with COVID-19 while on Paxlovid™ therapy

F. Raal, P. Kovanen, A. Vuorio, 2022, Future virology.

Long-Term Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Challenges Posed by COVID-19 in Patients With Familial Hypercholesterolemia

M. Kaste, F. Raal, P. Kovanen, 2022, Frontiers in Pharmacology.

Prevention of Cardiovascular Burden in COVID-19 Patients Suffering from Familial Hypercholesterolemia: A Global Challenge

F. Raal, R. Santos, P. Kovanen, 2021, Cardiology and Therapy.

Comment on: “Prior Treatment with Statins is Associated with Improved Outcomes of Patients with COVID-19: Data from the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry”

P. Kovanen, A. Vuorio, 2021, Drugs.

Hypercholesterolemia and COVID-19: Statins for Lowering the Risk of Venous Thromboembolism

P. Kovanen, R. Lassila, A. Vuorio, 2021, Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.

Kallidin- and bradykinin-degrading pathways in human heart: degradation of kallidin by aminopeptidase M-like activity and bradykinin by neutral endopeptidase.

P. Kovanen, K. Lindstedt, J. Saarinen, 1999, Circulation.

Mast Cell Activation In Vivo Impairs the Macrophage Reverse Cholesterol Transport Pathway in the Mouse

M. Jauhiainen, J. Metso, N. Rotllan, 2011, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

Phospholipase A(2) in vascular disease.

P. Kovanen, K. Öörni, E. Hurt-Camejo, 2001, Circulation research.

Phospholipase A(2) in vascular disease.

P. Kovanen, E. Hurt-Camejo, G. Camejo, 2001, Circulation research.

Susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein particles to aggregate depends on particle lipidome, is modifiable, and associates with future cardiovascular deaths

M. Perola, J. Borén, M. Nieminen, 2018, European heart journal.

Lovastatin induces the expression of bradykinin type 2 receptors in cultured human coronary artery endothelial cells.

P. Kovanen, K. Lindstedt, J. Kokkonen, 2007, Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology.

Activation of human interstitial procollagenase through direct cleavage of the Leu83-Thr84 bond by mast cell chymase.

P. Kovanen, N. Kalkkinen, H. Welgus, 1994, The Journal of biological chemistry.

The effect of proatherogenic microbes on macrophage cholesterol homeostasis in apoE-deficient mice.

M. Leinonen, P. Saikku, M. Jauhiainen, 2011, Microbial pathogenesis.

Modulation of Atherosclerotic Lesions by Circulating Cells : The Translational Spectrum

P. Kovanen, I. Bot, G. Shi, 2015 .

Proteolysis and fusion of low density lipoprotein particles independently strengthen their binding to exocytosed mast cell granules.

P. Kovanen, K. Paananen, 1994, The Journal of biological chemistry.

Low density lipoprotein degradation by secretory granules of rat mast cells. Sequential degradation of apolipoprotein B by granule chymase and carboxypeptidase A.

M. Vartiainen, P. Kovanen, J. Kokkonen, 1986, The Journal of biological chemistry.

Rescue therapy with PCSK9 inhibitors for patients with delayed diagnosis of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: Redressing the balance of missed opportunities.

G. Watts, P. Kovanen, A. Vuorio, 2016, Journal of clinical lipidology.

Initiation of PCSK9 inhibition in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia entering adulthood: a new design for living with a high-risk condition?

G. Watts, P. Kovanen, A. Vuorio, 2016, European heart journal.

Familial hypercholesterolaemia is underdiagnosed and undertreated in the general population: guidance for clinicians to prevent coronary heart disease

Catherine Boileau, Päivi Pajukanta, Anne Tybjærg-Hansen, 2013, European heart journal.

Combination of Intracerebral Haemorrhage and Familial Hypercholesterolemia in the Acute Hospital Setting – A Challenge for Statin Treatment?

M. Kaste, P. Kovanen, A. Vuorio, 2015, International Journal of Stroke.

Shifting to new targets in pharmacological prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

P. Kovanen, J. Nilsson, 2009, Current opinion in lipidology.

High levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity and cholesterol synthesis in the ovary of the pregnant rabbit.

M. Brown, P. Kovanen, J. Goldstein, 1978, The Journal of biological chemistry.

Activated Mast Cells Increase the Level of Endothelin-1 mRNA in Cocultured Endothelial Cells and Degrade the Secreted Peptide

M. Baumann, P. Kovanen, F. Fyhrquist, 2002, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

A protocol for generating high numbers of mature and functional human mast cells from peripheral blood

P. Kovanen, J. Lappalainen, K. Lindstedt, 2007, Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

Regulation of the activity of secreted human lung mast cell tryptase by mast cell proteoglycans.

P. Kovanen, K. Lindstedt, J. Kokkonen, 1998, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

Activation of paracrine TGF‐β1 signaling upon stimulation and degranulation of rat serosal mast cells: a novel function for chymase

J. Keski‐Oja, P. Kovanen, K. Lindstedt, 2001, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

Food allergy alters jejunal circular muscle contractility and induces local inflammatory cytokine expression in a mouse model

A. Berstad, P. Kovanen, J. Lappalainen, 2009, BMC gastroenterology.

Monkeypox is a global public health emergency: The role of repurposing cholesterol lowering drugs not to be forgotten

F. Raal, P. Kovanen, A. Vuorio, 2022, Journal of clinical lipidology.

Statins for children with familial hypercholesterolemia.

S. Humphries, S. Tonstad, T. Strandberg, 2010, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

Lipoprotein modification by secretory phospholipase A2 enzymes contributes to the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis

P. Kovanen, K. Öörni, 2009, Current opinion in lipidology.

Detection of two apolipoprotein B species (apoBc and apoBg) by a monoclonal antibody.

S. Young, J. Witztum, C. Ehnholm, 1987, Atherosclerosis.

Genetic influences contributing to LDL particle size in familial combined hyperlipidaemia

L. Peltonen, R. Cantor, M. Laakso, 2002, European Journal of Human Genetics.

OxLDL-IgG immune complexes induce expression and secretion of proatherogenic cytokines by cultured human mast cells.

P. Kovanen, J. Lappalainen, K. Lindstedt, 2011, Atherosclerosis.

Increased expression of bradykinin type-1 receptors in endothelium of intramyocardial coronary vessels in human failing hearts.

K. Kostner, M. Mäyränpää, P. Kovanen, 2005, American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology.

Expression of bradykinin receptors in the left ventricles of rats with pressure overload hypertrophy and heart failure

J. Rysä, P. Kovanen, R. Kaaja, 2003, Journal of hypertension.

Down-regulation of cardioprotective bradykinin type-2 receptors in the left ventricle of patients with end-stage heart failure.

K. Kostner, M. Mäyränpää, P. Kovanen, 2002, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

Acidic extracellular pH promotes accumulation of free cholesterol in human monocyte-derived macrophages via inhibition of ACAT1 activity.

P. Kovanen, T. Nordström, K. Öörni, 2020, Atherosclerosis.

Cathepsin G deficiency reduces periaortic calcium chloride injury-induced abdominal aortic aneurysms in mice.

P. Libby, Jian Liu, P. Kovanen, 2015, Journal of vascular surgery.

Gemfibrozil also corrects dyslipidemia in postmenopausal women and smokers.

J. Tuomilehto, P. Kovanen, P. Koskinen, 1992, Archives of internal medicine.

OxLDL–IgG Immune Complexes Induce Survival of Human Monocytes

P. Kovanen, K. Lindstedt, M. Pentikäinen, 2005, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

Association of cholesteryl ester transfer protein with HDL particles reduces its proteolytic inactivation by mast cell chymase Published, JLR Papers in Press, November 8, 2007.

M. Jauhiainen, J. Metso, P. Kovanen, 2008, Journal of Lipid Research.

Apolipoprotein composition and particle size affect HDL degradation by chymase: effect on cellular cholesterol efflux.

G. Franceschini, P. Kovanen, G. Tedeschi, 2003, Journal of lipid research.

Matrix Metalloproteinases-3, -7, and -12, but Not -9, Reduce High Density Lipoprotein-induced Cholesterol Efflux from Human Macrophage Foam Cells by Truncation of the Carboxyl Terminus of Apolipoprotein A-I

P. Kovanen, N. Kalkkinen, H. Welgus, 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

Mast cell-mediated inhibition of reverse cholesterol transport.

P. Kovanen, Miriam Lee, L. Lindstedt, 1992, Arteriosclerosis and thrombosis : a journal of vascular biology.

Inhibition of mast cell-dependent conversion of cultured macrophages into foam cells with antiallergic drugs.

P. Kovanen, H. Ma, H. Ma, 2000, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

IgE-dependent generation of foam cells: an immune mechanism involving degranulation of sensitized mast cells with resultant uptake of LDL by macrophages.

P. Kovanen, H. Ma, Hua Ma, 1995, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

Low-density-lipoprotein binding by mast-cell granules. Demonstration of binding of apolipoprotein B to heparin proteoglycan of exocytosed granules.

P. Kovanen, J. Kokkonen, 1987, The Biochemical journal.

FTY720 Stimulates 27-Hydroxycholesterol Production and Confers Atheroprotective Effects in Human Primary Macrophages

E. Ikonen, P. Kovanen, A. D. de Lera, 2010, Circulation research.

Mast cell chymase induces smooth muscle cell apoptosis by disrupting NF-kappaB-mediated survival signaling.

P. Kovanen, K. Lindstedt, Mei Y. Speer, 2006, Experimental cell research.

Coronary artery disease: ‘gout’ in the artery?

T. Strandberg, P. Kovanen, 2021, European heart journal.

Imatinib mesylate alleviates diarrhea in a mouse model of intestinal allergy

A. Berstad, M. Mäyränpää, P. Kovanen, 2012, Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society.

Lymphangiogenesis in aortic valve stenosis--novel regulatory roles for valvular myofibroblasts and mast cells.

P. Kovanen, M. Kupari, J. Lappalainen, 2012, Atherosclerosis.

Selective activation of mast cells in rheumatoid synovial tissue results in production of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-1Ra

P. Kovanen, T. Juutilainen, J. Lappalainen, 2007, Inflammation Research.

Human Mast Cell Chymase and Leukocyte Elastase Release Latent Transforming Growth Factor-β1 from the Extracellular Matrix of Cultured Human Epithelial and Endothelial Cells (*)

J. Taipale, J. Keski‐Oja, P. Kovanen, 1995, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

Mast Cell Chymase Induces Smooth Muscle Cell Apoptosis by a Mechanism Involving Fibronectin Degradation and Disruption of Focal Adhesions

P. Kovanen, K. Lindstedt, M. Leskinen, 2003, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

TNF-alpha and IL-1beta selectively induce expression of 92-kDa gelatinase by human macrophages.

P. Kovanen, H. Welgus, P. Saren, 1996, Journal of immunology.

Neutrophil proteinase 3 - An LDL- and HDL-proteolyzing enzyme with a potential to contribute to cholesterol accumulation in human atherosclerotic lesions.

M. Baumann, M. Jauhiainen, M. Mäyränpää, 2022, Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids.

Carboxyl-Terminal Cleavage of Apolipoprotein A-I by Human Mast Cell Chymase Impairs Its Anti-Inflammatory Properties

M. Jauhiainen, J. Metso, P. Kovanen, 2016, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

Angiotensin II increases expression and secretion of cathepsin F in cultured human monocyte-derived macrophages: an angiotensin II type 2 receptor-mediated effect.

P. Kovanen, K. Lindstedt, K. Oörni, 2007, Atherosclerosis.

Receptors for the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a are expressed in human atherosclerotic coronary plaques.

P. Gasque, M. Mäyränpää, P. Kovanen, 2007, Atherosclerosis.

Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus downregulates FCER1 and HRH4 expression in human mast cells.

R. Kekkonen, P. Kovanen, M. Kankainen, 2011, World journal of gastroenterology.

Tankyrase Inhibition Attenuates Cardiac Dilatation and Dysfunction in Ischemic Heart Failure

Hong Wang, J. Sinisalo, I. Tikkanen, 2022, International journal of molecular sciences.

Is Blockade of the Renin-angiotensin System Able to Reverse the Structural and Functional Remodeling of the Left Ventricle in Severe Aortic Stenosis?

P. Kovanen, M. Kaartinen, J. Lommi, 2015, Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology.

Mast cells of two types differing in neutral protease composition in the human aortic intima. Demonstration of tryptase- and tryptase/chymase-containing mast cells in normal intimas, fatty streaks, and the shoulder region of atheromas.

P. Kovanen, M. Kaartinen, A. Penttilä, 1994, Arteriosclerosis and thrombosis : a journal of vascular biology.

Mast cells in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease – Activators and actions

P. Kovanen, I. Bot, 2017, European journal of pharmacology.

Macrophage Infiltration in the Saccular Intracranial Aneurysm Wall as a Response to Locally Lysed Erythrocytes That Promote Degeneration

P. Kovanen, S. Kaitainen, J. Hernesniemi, 2018, Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology.

Mast cells in vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques – a view to a kill

M. Mäyränpää, P. Kovanen, K. Lindstedt, 2007, Journal of cellular and molecular medicine.

Mast cells accompany microvessels in human coronary atheromas: implications for intimal neovascularization and hemorrhage.

P. Kovanen, M. Kaartinen, A. Penttilä, 1996, Atherosclerosis.

Native macromolecular heparin proteoglycans exocytosed from stimulated rat serosal mast cells strongly inhibit platelet-collagen interactions.

P. Kovanen, R. Lassila, K. Lindstedt, 1997, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

Proteolytic enzymes of mast cell granules degrade low density lipoproteins and promote their granule-mediated uptake by macrophages in vitro.

P. Kovanen, J. Kokkonen, 1989, The Journal of biological chemistry.

Downregulation of Bradykinin Type 2 Receptor Expression in Cardiac Endothelial Cells during Senescence

P. Kovanen, H. Vapaatalo, K. Lindstedt, 2011, Journal of Vascular Research.

Glutamine synthetase in human carotid plaque macrophages associates with features of plaque vulnerability: An immunohistological study.

J. Tuimala, L. Soinne, M. Mäyränpää, 2022, Atherosclerosis.

Abstract 5865: High-density Lipoproteins (HDL) Are Present In Stenotic Aortic Valves And May Protect Them Against Calcification

P. Kovanen, M. Kupari, M. Lee-Rueckert, 2008 .

Prognostic usefulness of plasma monocyte/macrophage and T-lymphocyte activation markers in patients with acute coronary syndromes.

P. Kovanen, M. Kaartinen, K. Pulkki, 2004, The American journal of cardiology.

Familial hypercholesterolaemia and COVID‐19: triggering of increased sustained cardiovascular risk

G. Watts, P. Kovanen, A. Vuorio, 2020, Journal of internal medicine.

Serum amyloid A (SAA) activates human mast cells which leads into degradation of SAA and generation of an amyloidogenic SAA fragment.

M. Baumann, P. Kovanen, K. Niemi, 2006, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

Why continued lipoprotein apheresis is vital for homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia patients with COVID-19

F. Raal, P. Kovanen, A. Vuorio, 2021, Journal of Clinical Lipidology.

Regulating NETosis: an emerging facet of statin pleiotropy.

P. Kovanen, A. Sahebkar, Shabnam Radbakhsh, 2021, Drug discovery today.

Estimation of VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL2, apoA-I, and apoB from the Friedewald inputs—apoB and IDL, but not LDL, are associated with mortality in type 1 diabetes

K. Kaski, M. Taskinen, J. Heikkonen, 2009, Annals of medicine.

Depletion of pre-beta-high density lipoprotein by human chymase impairs ATP-binding cassette transporter A1- but not scavenger receptor class B type I-mediated lipid efflux to high density lipoprotein.

G. Franceschini, E. Favari, F. Zimetti, 2004, The Journal of biological chemistry.

Mast cells and complement system: Ancient interactions between components of innate immunity

S. Meri, P. Kovanen, D. Elieh Ali Komi, 2020, Allergy.

The neutral protease chymase degrades apolipoprotein E from high-density lipoproteins

A. von Eckardstein, P. Kovanen, M. Lee-Rueckert, 2008, Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine.

Altered HDL Remodeling and Functionality in Familial Hypercholesterolemia.

M. Jauhiainen, J. Metso, P. Kovanen, 2018, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

Open tubular capillary electrochromatography: a new technique for in situ enzymatic modification of low density lipoprotein particles and their protein-free derivatives.

M. Riekkola, P. Kovanen, K. Oörni, 2007, The Analyst.

Mast Cells in Atherogenesis: A Model for Studying Proteolytic Modification of Low and High Density Lipoproteins

P. Kovanen, K. Öörni, Miriam Lee, 2000 .

Sphingomyelinase Induces Aggregation and Fusion of Small Very Low–Density Lipoprotein and Intermediate-Density Lipoprotein Particles and Increases Their Retention to Human Arterial Proteoglycans

M. Ala-Korpela, M. Jauhiainen, P. Kovanen, 2005, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

1H NMR at 800 MHz facilitates detailed phospholipid follow-up during atherogenic modifications in low density lipoproteins.

K. Kaski, P. Soininen, M. Ala-Korpela, 2007, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

Atheroma formation: defective control in the intimal round-trip of cholesterol.

P. Kovanen, 1990, European heart journal.

Effects of Acid Sphingomyelinase Deficiency on Male Germ Cell Development and Programmed Cell Death1

L. Dunkel, M. Tenhunen, P. Kovanen, 2005, Biology of reproduction.

Fusion of proteolyzed low-density lipoprotein in the fluid phase: a novel mechanism generating atherogenic lipoprotein particles.

P. Kovanen, L. Lindstedt, M. Piha, 1995, Biochemistry.

[Lipoprotein receptors].

P. Kovanen, 1981, Duodecim; laaketieteellinen aikakauskirja.

Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease: evidence and guidance for management

J. Borén, M. Taskinen, G. Watts, 2011, European heart journal.

Children with familial hypercholesterolemia display changes in LDL and HDL function: A cross‐sectional study

M. Jauhiainen, P. Kovanen, K. Öörni, 2020, medRxiv.

The anti‐allergic compound tranilast attenuates inflammation and inhibits bone destruction in collagen‐induced arthritis in mice

P. Kovanen, C. Shimbori, N. Shiota, 2010, British journal of pharmacology.

RESEARCH PAPER The anti-allergic compound tranilast attenuates inflammation and inhibits bone destruction in collagen-induced arthritis in mice

P. Kovanen, C. Shimbori, H. Okunishi, 2010 .

Myeloperoxidase and Hypochlorite, but Not Copper Ions, Oxidize Heparin-Bound LDL Particles and Release Them From Heparin

P. Kovanen, K. Öörni, M. Pentikäinen, 2001, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

The Proteoglycan Decorin Links Low Density Lipoproteins with Collagen Type I*

P. Kovanen, K. Öörni, R. Lassila, 1997, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

Complement system is activated in stenotic aortic valves.

P. Kovanen, J. Lommi, M. Kupari, 2008, Atherosclerosis.

Potential pathological roles for oxidized low-density lipoprotein and scavenger receptors SR-AI, CD36, and LOX-1 in aortic valve stenosis.

P. Kovanen, Mervi Alanne-Kinnunen, M. Kupari, 2014, Atherosclerosis.

Increased expression of profibrotic neutral endopeptidase and bradykinin type 1 receptors in stenotic aortic valves.

I. Tikkanen, P. Kovanen, J. Lommi, 2007, European heart journal.

Miniaturization of asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation and application to studies on lipoprotein aggregation and fusion.

M. Riekkola, P. Kovanen, K. Oörni, 2006, Analytical biochemistry.

Enhanced extracellular lipid accumulation in acidic environments

P. Kovanen, K. Öörni, 2006, Current opinion in lipidology.

Electronegative LDL induces priming and inflammasome activation leading to IL-1β release in human monocytes and macrophages.

P. Kovanen, J. Ordóñez‐Llanos, K. Öörni, 2015, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

Activation of interstitial collagenase, MMP‐1, by Staphylococcus aureus cells having surface‐bound plasmin: a novel role of plasminogen receptors of bacteria

P. Kovanen, P. Kuusela, J. Saarinen, 1999, FEBS letters.

Imatinib mesylate inhibits platelet derived growth factor stimulated proliferation of rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts.

P. Kovanen, T. Juutilainen, K. Lindstedt, 2006, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

Serum Amyloid A Activates the NLRP3 Inflammasome via P2X7 Receptor and a Cathepsin B-Sensitive Pathway

M. Baumann, P. Kovanen, H. Wolff, 2011, The Journal of Immunology.

Continuation of fibrate therapy in patients with metabolic syndrome and COVID-19: a beneficial regime worth pursuing

P. Kovanen, A. Vuorio, J. Brinck, 2022, Annals of medicine.

Leukocyte Cathepsin S Is a Potent Regulator of Both Cell and Matrix Turnover in Advanced Atherosclerosis

J. Jukema, E. E. van der Wall, P. Kovanen, 2009, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

Mast cells promote atherosclerosis by inducing both an atherogenic lipid profile and vascular inflammation

M. Jauhiainen, J. Metso, P. Kovanen, 2009, Journal of cellular biochemistry.

Reply: The complexity of substance P-mediated mast cell activation

P. Kovanen, I. Bot, G. Shi, 2017, Nature Reviews Cardiology.

Human mast cell neutral proteases generate modified LDL particles with increased proteoglycan binding.

M. Mäyränpää, P. Kovanen, K. Öörni, 2018, Atherosclerosis.

EXTRACELLULAR CATHEPSINS ARE INHIBITORS OF CELLULAR CHOLESTEROL EFFLUX

P. Kovanen, K. Öörni, Miriam Lee, 2004 .

Accumulation of low density lipoproteins in stimulated rat serosal mast cells during recovery from degranulation.

P. Kovanen, J. Kokkonen, 1989, Journal of lipid research.

Role of mast cells in atherosclerosis.

P. Kovanen, 1995, Chemical immunology.

Proteolysis of low density lipoprotein particles by Porphyromonas gingivalis microorganisms: a novel biochemical link between periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases?

P. Kovanen, K. Öörni, 2008, Journal of internal medicine.

The mast cell as a pluripotent HDL-modifying effector in atherogenesis: from in vitro to in vivo significance

P. Kovanen, M. Lee-Rueckert, 2015, Current opinion in lipidology.

The metabolism of low density lipoproteins by rat serosal mast cells.

P. Kovanen, J. Kokkonen, 1990, European heart journal.

Isolation of Mast Cell Granules

P. Kovanen, K. Lindstedt, 2005, Current protocols in cell biology.

The mast cell : a potential link between inflammation and cellular cholesterol deposition in atherogenesis

P. Kovanen, 1993 .

Cholesterol Crystals Activate the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Human Macrophages: A Novel Link between Cholesterol Metabolism and Inflammation

P. Kovanen, K. Öörni, S. Matikainen, 2010, PloS one.

PLA2-V: a real player in atherogenesis.

P. Kovanen, K. Oörni, 2007, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

Effect of pH on a phospholipid bilayer after phospholipase A2 enzyme action: a molecular dynamics simulation study

M. Hyvönen, P. Kovanen, O. H. S. Ollila, 2007 .

Open tubular CE for in vitro oxidation studies of human very‐low‐density lipoprotein particles

M. Riekkola, P. Kovanen, K. Öörni, 2007, Electrophoresis.

Prevention of endothelial dysfunction and thrombotic events in COVID-19 patients with familial hypercholesterolemia

P. Kovanen, A. Vuorio, 2020, Journal of Clinical Lipidology.

Cathepsins F and S block HDL3-induced cholesterol efflux from macrophage foam cells.

P. Kovanen, D. Brömme, K. Oörni, 2003, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

PO1-20 CHRONIC CHLAMYDIA PNEUMONIAE INFECTION INDUCES LIVER STEATOSIS IN APOE-DEFICIENT MICE

M. Leinonen, P. Saikku, M. Jauhiainen, 2007 .

Phospholipase A(2) in vascular disease.

P. Kovanen, E. Hurt-Camejo, G. Camejo, 2001, Circulation Research.

Monocyte-Derived Macrophages B by Human κ Induces Expression and Secretion of IL-8 Via p 38 MAPK and NF-Low-Density Lipoprotein Modified by Macrophage-Derived Lysosomal Hydrolases

P. Kovanen, K. Lindstedt, M. Pentikäinen, 2006 .

Low-Density Lipoprotein Modified by Macrophage-Derived Lysosomal Hydrolases Induces Expression and Secretion of IL-8 Via p 38 MAPK and NF-B by Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages

P. Kovanen, K. Lindstedt, M. Pentikäinen, 2006 .

Altered phospholipid-apoB-100 interactions and generation of extra membrane material in proteolysis-induced fusion of LDL particles.

M. Ala-Korpela, M. Hyvönen, P. Kovanen, 2001, Journal of lipid research.

Morphology and histology of silent and symptom-causing atherosclerotic carotid plaques – Rationale and design of the Helsinki Carotid Endarterectomy Study 2 (the HeCES2)

L. Soinne, H. Silvennoinen, M. Mäyränpää, 2018, Annals of medicine.

Expression of angiotensin II and interleukin 6 in human coronary atherosclerotic plaques: potential implications for inflammation and plaque instability.

H. Drexler, P. Kovanen, M. Kaartinen, 2000, Circulation.

Opportunities for preventing further endothelial dysfunction in pregnant COVID-19 patients with familial hypercholesterolemia

F. Raal, P. Kovanen, A. Vuorio, 2022, Journal of Clinical Lipidology.

The homeoviscous adaptation to dietary lipids (HADL) hypothesis is probably incorrect

M. Jauhiainen, P. Kovanen, K. Öörni, 2021, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

Older Familial Hypercholesterolemia Patients with COVID-19

T. Strandberg, P. Kovanen, A. Vuorio, 2021, Gerontology.

Molecular dynamics simulation of sphingomyelin bilayer

M. Hyvönen, P. Kovanen, 2003 .

Chymase-containing mast cells in human arterial intima: implications for atherosclerotic disease.

P. Kovanen, 1997, Heart and vessels.

MAST CELLS IN ACUTE AND CHRONIC REJECTION OF RAT CARDIAC ALLOGRAFTS—A MAJOR SOURCE OF BASIC FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR1

P. Kovanen, K. Lemström, K. Lindstedt, 2001, Transplantation.

Patients with familial hypercholesterolemia and COVID-19: Efficient and ongoing cholesterol lowering is paramount for the prevention of acute myocardial infarction

F. Raal, P. Kovanen, A. Vuorio, 2021, American Journal of Preventive Cardiology.

32 TRIGLYCERIDE-RICH LIPOPROTEINS AND HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL IN PATIENTS AT HIGH RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: EVIDENCE AND GUIDANCE FOR MANAGEMENT

J. Borén, M. Taskinen, G. Watts, 2011 .

Metabolism of squalene in human fat cells. Demonstration of a two-pool system.

P. Kovanen, R. Tilvis, T. Miettinen, 1982, The Journal of biological chemistry.

Lymphatic vessels are present in human saccular intracranial aneurysms

P. Kovanen, M. Niemelä, R. Tulamo, 2022, Acta neuropathologica communications.

Familial hypercholesterolaemia and COVID-19: A two-hit scenario for endothelial dysfunction amenable to treatment

M. Kaste, F. Raal, P. Kovanen, 2021, Atherosclerosis.

Dietary plant stanols or sterols neither accumulate in stenotic aortic valves nor influence their structure or inflammatory status.

P. Kovanen, M. Hallikainen, H. Gylling, 2015, Clinical nutrition.

Syddansk Universitet Apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide 4 F blocks sphingomyelinase-induced LDL aggregation

I. Vattulainen, S. Ylä-Herttuala, P. Kovanen, 2015 .

Protection from Radiation-Induced Male Germ Cell Loss by Sphingosine-1-Phosphate1

J. Toppari, L. Dunkel, M. Tenhunen, 2004, Biology of reproduction.

Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia. Abnormal binding of mutant apoprotein E to low density lipoprotein receptors of human fibroblasts and membranes from liver and adrenal of rats, rabbits, and cows.

R. Mahley, R. Havel, J. Kane, 1981, The Journal of clinical investigation.

Membrane simulations mimicking acidic pH reveal increased thickness and negative curvature in a bilayer consisting of lysophosphatidylcholines and free fatty acids.

M. Hyvönen, P. Kovanen, O. H. S. Ollila, 2010, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

Cyclodextrins: Potential therapeutics against atherosclerosis.

P. Kovanen, Suowen Xu, A. Sahebkar, 2020, Pharmacology & therapeutics.

Inflammation and its resolution in atherosclerosis: mediators and therapeutic opportunities

Ira Tabas, Petri T. Kovanen, Magnus Bäck, 2019, Nature Reviews Cardiology.

Plant sterols and plant stanols in the management of dyslipidaemia and prevention of cardiovascular disease.

J. Borén, G. De Backer, L. Ellegård, 2014, Atherosclerosis.

Mast cells in human and experimental cardiometabolic diseases

P. Kovanen, I. Bot, G. Shi, 2015, Nature Reviews Cardiology.

Acidification of the intimal fluid: the perfect storm for atherogenesis

P. Kovanen, K. Öörni, M. Lee-Rueckert, 2015, Journal of Lipid Research.

IgE stimulates human and mouse arterial cell apoptosis and cytokine expression and promotes atherogenesis in Apoe-/- mice.

P. Libby, D. Conrad, T. Kawakami, 2011, The Journal of clinical investigation.

Capillary electrochromatography and quartz crystal microbalance, valuable techniques in the study of heparin-lipoprotein interactions.

M. Riekkola, P. Kovanen, K. Öörni, 2012, Analytical biochemistry.

Decrease in pH Strongly Enhances Binding of Native, Proteolyzed, Lipolyzed, and Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein Particles to Human Aortic Proteoglycans*

P. Kovanen, K. Öörni, M. Sneck, 2005, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

Cysteine Protease Cathepsin F Is Expressed in Human Atherosclerotic Lesions, Is Secreted by Cultured Macrophages, and Modifies Low Density Lipoprotein Particles in Vitro*

M. Mäyränpää, P. Kovanen, D. Brömme, 2004, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

Human Arterial Proteoglycans Increase the Rate of Proteolytic Fusion of Low Density Lipoprotein Particles*

M. Jauhiainen, P. Somerharju, P. Kovanen, 1997, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

Resolvins: Emerging Players in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases

P. Kovanen, S. Bo, A. Sahebkar, 2019, Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology.

Using Mice to Dissect Genetic Factors in Atherosclerosis

S. Lorkowski, P. Cullen, F. Bernini, 2003 .

Mast Cells as Effectors in Atherosclerosis

P. Kovanen, I. Bot, G. Shi, 2015, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

Effects of milk casein-derived tripeptides Ile-Pro-Pro, Val-Pro-Pro, and Leu-Pro-Pro on enzymes processing vasoactive precursors in vitro

P. Kovanen, R. Korpela, H. Vapaatalo, 2010, Arzneimittelforschung.

Partial filling affinity capillary electrophoresis with cationic poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-based copolymer coatings for studies on human lipoprotein-steroid interactions.

M. Riekkola, M. Jauhiainen, P. Kovanen, 2010, Analytical biochemistry.

Cardiac Mast Cells: Underappreciated Immune Cells in Cardiovascular Homeostasis and Disease.

G. Marone, P. Kovanen, G. Varricchi, 2020, Trends in immunology.

ATG16L1 Expression in Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques Is Associated With Plaque Vulnerability

A. Franco‐Cereceda, P. Eriksson, P. Kovanen, 2015, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

Regulation of plasma cholesterol by lipoprotein receptors.

M. Brown, P. Kovanen, J. Goldstein, 1981, Science.

Immune functions of serum amyloid A.

P. Kovanen, K. Niemi, P T Kovanen, 2012, Critical reviews in immunology.

Review the Polygenic Nature of Hypertriglyceridaemia: Implications for Defi Nition, Diagnosis, and Management

J. Borén, S. Humphries, M. Taskinen, 2022 .

Molecular dynamics simulations of a lipovitellin-derived amphiphilic beta-sheet homologous to apoB-100 beta-sheets at a hydrophobic decane-water interface.

M. Hyvönen, P. Kovanen, A. Koivuniemi, 2008, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

Plant Stanol Esters Reduce LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) Aggregation by Altering LDL Surface Lipids

H. Lindholm, P. Kovanen, H. Gylling, 2020, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

CEC: A tool for mimicking collagen–surface interactions with apolipoprotein B‐100 peptides

M. Riekkola, P. Kovanen, K. Öörni, 2009, Electrophoresis.

Lipid-Laden Macrophages and Inflammation in Atherosclerosis and Cancer: An Integrative View

P. Kovanen, J. Lappalainen, J. Escolà-Gil, 2022, Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.

Computationally estimated apolipoproteins B and A1 in predicting cardiovascular risk.

T. Lehtimäki, V. Salomaa, S. Yusuf, 2013, Atherosclerosis.

Low-Expression Variant of Fatty Acid–Binding Protein 4 Favors Reduced Manifestations of Atherosclerotic Disease and Increased Plaque Stability

V. Salomaa, M. Perola, M. Nieminen, 2014, Circulation. Cardiovascular genetics.

Chemically modified tetracyclines induce apoptosis in cultured mast cells.

P. Kovanen, L. Golub, T. Sorsa, 2005, International immunopharmacology.

HDL functionality in reverse cholesterol transport--Challenges in translating data emerging from mouse models to human disease.

P. Kovanen, J. Escolà-Gil, M. Lee-Rueckert, 2016, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

Extracellular Lipids Accumulate in Human Carotid Arteries as Distinct Three-Dimensional Structures and Have Proinflammatory Properties.

M. Baumann, I. Belevich, H. Vihinen, 2017, The American journal of pathology.

HDL and atherothrombotic vascular disease.

A. von Eckardstein, P. Kovanen, W. Annema, 2015, Handbook of experimental pharmacology.

Mast cells: multipotent local effector cells in atherothrombosis

P. Kovanen, 2007, Immunological reviews.

Modified LDL – trigger of atherosclerosis and inflammation in the arterial intima

M. Ala-Korpela, P. Kovanen, K. Öörni, 2000, Journal of internal medicine.

Detection of low density lipoprotein particle fusion by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

M Ala-Korpela, M. Ala-Korpela, P. Kovanen, 1998, Journal of lipid research.

Endothelial and cardiac progenitor cells for cardiovascular repair: A controversial paradigm in cell therapy

P. Kovanen, P. Calabrò, G. Patti, 2018, Pharmacology & therapeutics.

Inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation by a chemically modified tetracycline

P. Kovanen, L. Golub, T. Sorsa, 2007, Coronary artery disease.

Inhibition of c-kit tyrosine kinase by imatinib mesylate induces apoptosis in mast cells in rheumatoid synovia: a potential approach to the treatment of arthritis

P. Kovanen, T. Juutilainen, K. Lindstedt, 2005, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

Infiltrates of activated mast cells at the site of coronary atheromatous erosion or rupture in myocardial infarction.

T. Paavonen, P. Kovanen, M. Kaartinen, 1995, Circulation.

Enhanced atherosclerotic lesion development in LDL receptor knockout mice lacking Upstream Stimulating Factor 1 (Usf1) in bone marrow-derived cells

M. Jauhiainen, C. Ehnholm, P. Kovanen, 2017 .

Chemically modified tetracycline (CMT)-3 inhibits histamine release and cytokine production in mast cells: possible involvement of protein kinase C

M. Finel, P. Kovanen, L. Golub, 2005, Inflammation Research.

Effects of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii JS supplementation on intestinal and systemic markers of inflammation in ApoE*3Leiden mice consuming a high-fat diet.

R. Kekkonen, T. Kooistra, R. Kleemann, 2013, The British journal of nutrition.

An emerging role of mast cells in cerebral ischemia and hemorrhage

M. Karjalainen‐Lindsberg, T. Tatlisumak, D. Strbian, 2009, Annals of medicine.

Adventitial mast cells connect with sensory nerve fibers in atherosclerotic coronary arteries.

P. Kovanen, A. Penttilä, L. Heikkilä, 2000, Circulation.

Mast cell tryptase - Marker and maker of cardiovascular diseases.

P. Kovanen, A. Sahebkar, M. Mohajeri, 2019, Pharmacology & therapeutics.

Metabolic syndrome: To be or not to be?

M. Laakso, P. Kovanen, 2006, Annals of medicine.

Secretory group II phospholipase A(2) : a newly recognized acute-phase reactant with a role in atherogenesis.

P. Kovanen, M. Pentikäinen, 2000, Circulation research.

Inflammatory angiogenesis in atherogenesis—a double-edged sword

D. Ribatti, F. Levi-Schaffer, P. Kovanen, 2008, Annals of medicine.

Role of complement activation in atherosclerosis

P. Kovanen, M. Pentikäinen, Petri T Kovanen, 2003, Current opinion in lipidology.

Complement regulation in human atherosclerotic coronary lesions. Immunohistochemical evidence that C4b-binding protein negatively regulates the classical complement pathway, and that C5b-9 is formed via the alternative complement pathway.

A. Blom, S. Meri, M. Mäyränpää, 2007, Atherosclerosis.

Phenotype expression in familial combined hyperlipidemia.

T. Lehtimäki, L. Peltonen, M. Perola, 1997, Atherosclerosis.

Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins as a Source of Proinflammatory Lipids in the Arterial Wall.

P. Kovanen, P. Sjövall, K. Öörni, 2019, Current medicinal chemistry.

Warfarin Treatment Is Associated to Increased Internal Carotid Artery Calcification

J. Tuimala, L. Soinne, H. Silvennoinen, 2021, Frontiers in Neurology.

USF1 deficiency activates brown adipose tissue and improves cardiometabolic health

T. Lehtimäki, L. Peltonen, V. Salomaa, 2016, Science Translational Medicine.

Hydroxysteroid 17-β dehydrogenase 13 variant increases phospholipids and protects against fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

L. Groop, T. Tukiainen, M. Orho-Melander, 2020, JCI insight.

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 4 (TIMP4) is involved in inflammatory processes of human cardiovascular pathology

E. Vuorio, M. Mäyränpää, P. Kovanen, 2006, Histochemistry and Cell Biology.

Extracellular Acidosis Is a Novel Danger Signal Alerting Innate Immunity via the NLRP3 Inflammasome

P. Kovanen, T. Nordström, K. Öörni, 2013, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

Native and oxidised lipoproteins negatively regulate the serum amyloid A‐induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human macrophages

P. Kovanen, D. Nordström, K. Öörni, 2021, Clinical & translational immunology.

Efferocytosis in atherosclerotic lesions: Malfunctioning regulatory pathways and control mechanisms

P. Kovanen, A. Tajbakhsh, A. Sahebkar, 2018, Pharmacology & therapeutics.

What is the physiological function of mast cells?

Y. Kitamura, F. Levi-Schaffer, P. Kovanen, 2003, Experimental dermatology.

Life-Threatening Coronary Disease is Prevalent in Patients with Stenosing Carotid Artery Disease

M. Kaste, A. Jula, J. Tuimala, 2015, International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society.

Sphingomyelinase Induces Aggregation and Fusion, but Phospholipase A2 Only Aggregation, of Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Particles

Arto Annila, Petri T. Kovanen, Mika Ala-Korpela, 1998, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

Association between myocardial infarction and the mast cells in the adventitia of the infarct-related coronary artery.

T. Paavonen, P. Kovanen, M. Kaartinen, 1999, Circulation.

Lipoprotein Lipase in the Arterial Wall: Linking LDL to the Arterial Extracellular Matrix and Much More

P. Kovanen, K. Öörni, M. Pentikäinen, 2002, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

Gene expression differences between stroke-associated and asymptomatic carotid plaques

M. Kaste, O. Salonen, J. Tuimala, 2011, Journal of Molecular Medicine.

C-reactive protein binds to the 3beta-OH group of cholesterol in LDL particles.

S. Meri, M. Hyvönen, P. Kovanen, 2005, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

Function and regulation of the complement system in cardiovascular diseases.

S. Meri, P. Kovanen, R. Oksjoki, 2007, Frontiers in bioscience : a journal and virtual library.

Mast Cells, Neovascularization, and Microhemorrhages are Associated With Saccular Intracranial Artery Aneurysm Wall Remodeling

P. Kovanen, J. Hernesniemi, J. Frösen, 2014, Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology.

Modified Lipoproteins Induce Arterial Wall Inflammation During Atherogenesis

P. Kovanen, K. Öörni, M. Lorey, 2022, Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.

Circulating lipoproteins as proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory particles in atherogenesis

P. Kovanen, M. Pentikäinen, 2003, Current opinion in lipidology.

Mast Cell Tryptase Degrades HDL and Blocks Its Function as an Acceptor of Cellular Cholesterol

A. von Eckardstein, P. Kovanen, C. Sommerhoff, 2002, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

Binding of C-reactive protein to modified low-density-lipoprotein particles: identification of cholesterol as a novel ligand for C-reactive protein.

S. Meri, H. Jarva, P. Kovanen, 2002, The Biochemical journal.

Coimmobilized Native Macromolecular Heparin Proteoglycans Strongly Inhibit Platelet-Collagen Interactions in Flowing Blood

P. Kovanen, R. Lassila, P. Kauhanen, 2000, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

Genetic polymorphism of the apolipoprotein B gene locus influences serum LDL cholesterol level in familial hypercholesterolemia

P. Kovanen, H. Gylling, T. Miettinen, 1989, Human Genetics.

Improved identification of endothelial erosion by simultaneous detection of endothelial cells (CD31/CD34) and platelets (CD42b).

M. Mäyränpää, P. Kovanen, K. Lindstedt, 2007, Endothelium : journal of endothelial cell research.

Depletion of Pre-β-high Density Lipoprotein by Human Chymase Impairs ATP-binding Cassette Transporter A1- but Not Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I-mediated Lipid Efflux to High Density Lipoprotein*

G. Franceschini, E. Favari, F. Zimetti, 2004, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

Hemin and Cobalt Protoporphyrin Inhibit NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Enhancing Autophagy: A Novel Mechanism of Inflammasome Regulation

Petri T. Kovanen, Sampsa Matikainen, Kari K. Eklund, 2016, Journal of Innate Immunity.

The role of the gut in reverse cholesterol transport--focus on the enterocyte.

P. Kovanen, F. Blanco-Vaca, J. Escolà-Gil, 2013, Progress in lipid research.

Mast cell infiltration in acute coronary syndromes: implications for plaque rupture.

K. Koch, J. Piek, A. Becker, 1998, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

Lipid Exchange Mechanism of the Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Clarified by Atomistic and Coarse-grained Simulations

Ilpo Vattulainen, Artturi Koivuniemi, Timo Vuorela, 2012, PLoS Comput. Biol..

High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are present in stenotic aortic valves and may interfere with the mechanisms of valvular calcification.

M. Jauhiainen, P. Kovanen, M. Kupari, 2011, Atherosclerosis.

Chapter 30 – Mast Cells in Atherosclerotic Human Coronary Arteries: Implications for Coronary Fatty Streak Formation, Plaque Ulceration and Control of Local Haemostatic Balance

P. Kovanen, 2000 .

Pharmacological evidence for a role of liver X receptors in atheroprotection

P. Kovanen, M. Pentikäinen, 2003, FEBS letters.

Macrophage function and stability of the atherosclerotic plaque: progress report of a European project.

A. von Eckardstein, S. Lorkowski, P. Cullen, 2002, Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD.

A Unique Protease-sensitive High Density Lipoprotein Particle Containing the Apolipoprotein A-IMilano Dimer Effectively Promotes ATP-binding Cassette A1-mediated Cell Cholesterol Efflux*

G. Franceschini, C. Sirtori, E. Favari, 2007, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

Hydroxychloroquine for the prevention of recurrent cardiovascular events in myocardial infarction patients: rationale and design of the OXI trial.

J. Sinisalo, P. Kovanen, K. Eklund, 2016, European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy.

Adipophilin Expression Is Increased in Symptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis: Correlation With Red Blood Cells and Cholesterol Crystals

M. Kaste, O. Salonen, L. Soinne, 2007, Stroke.

Chronic intermittent psychological stress promotes macrophage reverse cholesterol transport by impairing bile acid absorption in mice

P. Kovanen, H. Gylling, F. Blanco-Vaca, 2015, Physiological reports.

Overfeeding Saturated Fat Increases LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) Aggregation Susceptibility While Overfeeding Unsaturated Fat Decreases Proteoglycan-Binding of Lipoproteins

P. Kovanen, T. Hyötyläinen, H. Yki-Järvinen, 2021, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

Ca2+ Flux: Searching for a Role in Efferocytosis of Apoptotic Cells in Atherosclerosis

M. Banach, P. Kovanen, A. Tajbakhsh, 2019, Journal of clinical medicine.

The R-Ras interaction partner ORP3 regulates cell adhesion

Teijo Pellinen, Johanna Ivaska, Per-Henrik Groop, 2008, Journal of Cell Science.

Drug therapies to prevent coronary plaque rupture and erosion: present and future.

P. Kovanen, K. Lindstedt, M. Mäyranpää, 2005, Handbook of experimental pharmacology.

Prompt impact of first prospective statin mega-trials on postoperative lipid management of CABG patients: a 20-year follow-up in a single hospital

M. Ala-Korpela, P. Kovanen, A. Palomäki, 2016, Lipids in Health and Disease.

Gemfibrozil in the treatment of dyslipidemia: an 18-year mortality follow-up of the Helsinki Heart Study.

L. Tenkanen, P. Kovanen, V. Manninen, 2006, Archives of internal medicine.

Molecular dynamics simulations of unsaturated lipid bilayers: effects of varying the numbers of double bonds

M. Hyvönen, P. Kovanen, 2005, European Biophysics Journal.

The impact of mast cells on cardiovascular diseases.

J. Kuiper, P. Kovanen, I. Bot, 2016, European journal of pharmacology.

Apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide 4F blocks sphingomyelinase-induced LDL aggregation[S]

I. Vattulainen, S. Ylä-Herttuala, P. Kovanen, 2015, Journal of Lipid Research.

Coronary heart disease prediction: Apolipoprotein B shows its might again – but still in vain?

M. Jauhiainen, P. Kovanen, 2015, European journal of preventive cardiology.

Cathepsin B-Sensitive Pathway Receptor and a 7 Inflammasome via P 2 X Serum Amyloid A Activates the NLRP 3

M. Baumann, P. Kovanen, H. Wolff, 2011 .

MicroRNA-125b and chemokine CCL4 expression are associated with calcific aortic valve disease

J. Rysä, P. Kovanen, H. Ruskoaho, 2015, Annals of medicine.

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor–Secreting Mast Cells and Myofibroblasts: A Novel Self-Perpetuating Angiogenic Pathway in Aortic Valve Stenosis

M. Mäyränpää, P. Kovanen, M. Kupari, 2010, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

ACE inhibition attenuates uremia-induced aortic valve thickening in a novel mouse model

M. Mäyränpää, P. Kovanen, L. Nielsen, 2009, BMC cardiovascular disorders.

Aortic valve stenosis: an active atheroinflammatory process

P. Kovanen, M. Kupari, K. Lindstedt, 2007, Current opinion in lipidology.

Hospitalized Children With Familial Hypercholesterolemia and COVID-19: A Case for Preventive Anticoagulation

F. Raal, P. Kovanen, A. Vuorio, 2021, Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.

Statins as Adjuvant Therapy for COVID-19 to Calm the Stormy Immunothrombosis and Beyond

P. Kovanen, A. Vuorio, 2021, Frontiers in Pharmacology.

Familial hypercholesterolemia: The nexus of endothelial dysfunction and lipoprotein metabolism in COVID-19

F. Raal, P. Kovanen, A. Vuorio, 2023, Current opinion in lipidology.

Drug-drug interaction with oral antivirals for the early treatment of COVID-19

F. Raal, P. Kovanen, A. Vuorio, 2022, International Journal of Infectious Diseases.

LETTER TO THE EDITOR.

F. Raal, P. Kovanen, A. Vuorio, 2022, Clinical Infectious Diseases.

HDL abnormalities in familial hypercholesterolemia: Focus on biological functions.

M. Banach, E. Stein, P. Kovanen, 2017, Progress in lipid research.

Do statins reduce the incidence of stroke in familial hypercholesterolemia?

P. Kovanen, A. Vuorio, 2011, Expert review of cardiovascular therapy.

Activated Human Mast Cells Induce LOX-1-Specific Scavenger Receptor Expression in Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages

P. Kovanen, Mervi Alanne-Kinnunen, K. Öörni, 2014, PloS one.

The familial hypercholesterolemia (FH)-North Karelia mutation of the low density lipoprotein receptor gene deletes seven nucleotides of exon 6 and is a common cause of FH in Finland.

K Kontula, A. Syvänen, R. Frants, 1992, The Journal of clinical investigation.

Microarray Analysis Reveals Overexpression of CD163 and HO-1 in Symptomatic Carotid Plaques

M. Kaste, O. Salonen, J. Tuimala, 2007, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

Statin Needs to be Continued During Paxlovid Therapy in COVID-19

F. Raal, P. Kovanen, K. Mitchell, 2022, Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Cholesterol loading suppresses the atheroinflammatory gene polarization of human macrophages induced by colony stimulating factors

M. Jauhiainen, P. Kovanen, J. Lappalainen, 2021, Scientific Reports.

Lowering Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentration with Plant Stanol Esters to Reduce the Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Events at a Population Level: A Critical Discussion

T. Strandberg, P. Kovanen, H. Gylling, 2020, Nutrients.

Common ABCA1 variants, HDL levels, and cellular cholesterol efflux in subjects with familial low HDLs⃞ Published, JLR Papers in Press, March 19, 2007.

L. Peltonen, M. Taskinen, M. Jauhiainen, 2007, Journal of Lipid Research.

Coronary microcirculatory dysfunction in hypercholesterolemic patients with COVID-19: potential benefit from cholesterol-lowering treatment

F. Raal, P. Kovanen, A. Vuorio, 2023, Annals of medicine.

Effect of orlistat on plasma lipids and body weight: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of 33 randomized controlled trials

A. Sahebkar, P. Kovanen, Ž. Reiner, 2017, Pharmacological research.

USF1 deficiency alleviates inflammation, enhances cholesterol efflux and prevents cholesterol accumulation in macrophages

M. Taskinen, M. Jauhiainen, J. Metso, 2018, Lipids in Health and Disease.

A Real Player in Atherogenesis

P. Kovanen, K. Öörni, 2007 .

Circulating lipoproteins as proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory particles in atherogenesis.

P. Kovanen, M. Pentikäinen, 2003 .

Hypolipidemic treatment of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: a lifelong challenge

P. Kovanen, H. Gylling, A. Vuorio, 2004, Expert review of cardiovascular therapy.

Inactivation of bradykinin by angiotensin-converting enzyme and by carboxypeptidase N in human plasma.

J Saarinen, P. Kovanen, K. Lindstedt, 2000, American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology.

Modification of low density lipoproteins by secretory granules of rat serosal mast cells.

P. Kovanen, J. Kokkonen, 1991, The Journal of biological chemistry.

Mucormycosis and glucose‐regulated protein 78 in COVID‐19: Amenable to statin treatment?

P. Kovanen, A. Vuorio, 2021, Journal of internal medicine.

Open tubular capillary electrochromatography: technique for oxidation and interaction studies on human low-density lipoproteins.

M. Riekkola, P. Kovanen, P. Lindenburg, 2006, Analytical chemistry.

Regulation of smooth muscle cell growth, function and death in vitro by activated mast cells--a potential mechanism for the weakening and rupture of atherosclerotic plaques.

P. Kovanen, K. Lindstedt, M. Leskinen, 2003, Biochemical pharmacology.

Chymase-dependent angiotensin II formation in human vascular tissue.

S. Takai, M. Miyazaki, P. Kovanen, 2000, Circulation.

Sugar treatment of human lipoprotein particles and their separation by capillary electrophoresis.

M. Riekkola, M. Jauhiainen, P. Kovanen, 2010, Journal of separation science.

Open tubular capillary electrochromatography: a useful microreactor for collagen I glycation and interaction studies with low-density lipoprotein particles.

Marja-Liisa Riekkola, M. Riekkola, P. Kovanen, 2010, Analytica chimica acta.

Conversion of human M-CSF macrophages into foam cells reduces their proinflammatory responses to classical M1-polarizing activation.

P. Kovanen, J. Lappalainen, R. D. da Silva, 2016, Atherosclerosis.

Obesity-induced changes in cancer cells and their microenvironment: mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives to manage dysregulated lipid metabolism.

N. Rotllan, P. Kovanen, V. Llorente‐Cortés, 2023, Seminars in cancer biology.

Carotid Plaque Mast Cells Associate with Atherogenic Serum Lipids, High Grade Carotid Stenosis and Symptomatic Carotid Artery Disease

M. Kaste, O. Salonen, L. Soinne, 2005, Cerebrovascular Diseases.

High negative charge‐to‐size ratio in polyphosphates and heparin regulates factor VII‐activating protease

K. Preissner, P. Kovanen, S. Kanse, 2009, The FEBS Journal.

Cellular characteristics of non‐allergic eosinophilic conjunctivitis

T. Haahtela, S. Sarna, P. Kovanen, 2010, Acta ophthalmologica.

Statins and new‐onset diabetes mellitus – a risk lacking in familial hypercholesterolaemia

T. Strandberg, P. Kovanen, W. J. Schneider, 2016, Journal of internal medicine.

Effects of Skin Mast Cells on Bleeding Time and Coagulation Activation at the Site of Platelet Plug Formation

T. Reunala, P. Kovanen, R. Lassila, 1998, Thrombosis and Haemostasis.

Mast Cell Chymase Inhibits Smooth Muscle Cell Growth and Collagen Expression In Vitro: Transforming Growth Factor-&bgr;1-Dependent and -Independent Effects

P. Kovanen, K. Lindstedt, N. Shiota, 2001, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

Mast Cell Chymase Induces Apoptosis of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

D. Leszczyński, P. Kovanen, K. Lindstedt, 2000, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

Intracellular RNA recognition pathway activates strong anti‐viral response in human mast cells

P. Kovanen, S. Matikainen, J. Lappalainen, 2013, Clinical and experimental immunology.

The effect of proatherogenic pathogens on adipose tissue transcriptome and fatty acid distribution in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice

M. Leinonen, P. Saikku, M. Jauhiainen, 2013, BMC Genomics.

Changes in a phospholipid bilayer induced by the hydrolysis of a phospholipase A2 enzyme: a molecular dynamics simulation study.

M. Ala-Korpela, M. Hyvönen, P. Kovanen, 2001, Biophysical journal.

Low density lipoprotein degradation by rat mast cells. Demonstration of extracellular proteolysis caused by mast cell granules.

P. Kovanen, J. Kokkonen, 1985, The Journal of biological chemistry.

Heparin proteoglycans released from rat serosal mast cells inhibit proliferation of rat aortic smooth muscle cells in culture.

P. Kovanen, Y. Wang, 1999, Circulation research.

Maleficent Comrades: War in Ukraine and COVID-19

A. Sajantila, B. Budowle, P. Kovanen, 2022, Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness.

Chlamydial and Periodontal Pathogens Induce Hepatic Inflammation and Fatty Acid Imbalance in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice

M. Leinonen, P. Saikku, M. Jauhiainen, 2009, Infection and Immunity.

Ethanol Inhibits Activation of NLRP3 and AIM2 Inflammasomes in Human Macrophages–A Novel Anti-Inflammatory Action of Alcohol

P. Kovanen, K. Niemi, K. Eklund, 2013, PloS one.

Acute Chlamydia pneumoniae infection causes coronary endothelial dysfunction in pigs.

P. Kovanen, I. Paakkari, E. Pesonen, 2003, Atherosclerosis.

Elevated Lipoprotein(a) and Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis in COVID-19

M. Kaste, P. Kovanen, A. Vuorio, 2021, Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases.

Mast cells in vulnerable coronary plaques: potential mechanisms linking mast cell activation to plaque erosion and rupture

P. Kovanen, K. Lindstedt, 2004, Current opinion in lipidology.

Smooth Muscle Cell Foam Cell Formation, Apolipoproteins, and ABCA1 in Intracranial Aneurysms: Implications for Lipid Accumulation as a Promoter of Aneurysm Wall Rupture

Petri T. Kovanen, Seppo Ylä-Herttuala, Juha Hernesniemi, 2016, Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology.

Mast cells in human fatty streaks and atheromas: implications for intimal lipid accumulation

P. Kovanen, 1996, Current opinion in lipidology.

Attitudes and actions: A survey to assess statin use among Finnish patients with increased risk for cardiovascular events.

P. Kovanen, M. Syvänne, M. Tikkanen, 2017, Journal of clinical lipidology.

Selective activation of mast cells in rheumatoid synovial tissue results in production of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-1Ra.

P. Kovanen, T. Juutilainen, J. Lappalainen, 2007, Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.].

Ethanol infusion increases ANP and p21 gene expression in isolated perfused rat heart.

P. Kovanen, M. Härkönen, K. Eklund, 2001, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

Culture of Rat Aortic SMCs and Human Coronary Artery SMCs Aortic

D. Leszczyński, P. Kovanen, K. Lindstedt, 2001 .

Lipoprotein(a) induces caspase-1 activation and IL-1 signaling in human macrophages

M. Boffa, M. Koschinsky, M. Hermansson, 2023, Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.

Application of self‐organizing maps for the detection and classification of human blood plasma lipoprotein lipid profiles on the basis of 1H NMR spectroscopy data

M Ala-Korpela, Y. Hiltunen, J. Kaartinen, 1998, NMR in biomedicine.

Predictive Factors for Pre-operative Recurrence of Cerebrovascular Symptoms in Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis.

L. Soinne, H. Silvennoinen, M. Mäyränpää, 2020, European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery.

Atomistic simulations of phosphatidylcholines and cholesteryl esters in high-density lipoprotein-sized lipid droplet and trilayer: clues to cholesteryl ester transport and storage.

I. Vattulainen, M. Hyvönen, P. Kovanen, 2009, Biophysical journal.

SARS-CoV-2 reinfection: Adding insult to dysfunctional endothelium in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

P. Kovanen, A. Vuorio, 2023, Atherosclerosis Plus.

Overexpression of CD 163 and HO-1 in Symptomatic Carotid

O. Salonen, J. Tuimala, L. Soinne, 2006 .

Hypoxia‐induced expression of bradykinin type‐2 receptors in endothelial cells triggers NO production, cell migration, and angiogenesis

P. Kovanen, K. Lindstedt, H. Ruskoaho, 2009, Journal of cellular physiology.

Phospholipase A 2 in Vascular Disease

P. Kovanen, E. Hurt-Camejo, G. Camejo, 2001 .

Use of polymerase chain reaction to detect heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.

P. Kovanen, J. Ojala, M. Keinänen, 1990, Clinical Chemistry.

Cholesterol synthesis and uptake by fat cells in familial hypercholesterolemia.

P. Kovanen, E. Nikkilä, Esko A. Nikkilä, 1977, Advances in experimental medicine and biology.

What is the physiological function of mast cells?

S. Galli, P. Kovanen, J. Bienenstock, 2003, Experimental dermatology.

Intravenous but not intrathecal central nervous system-directed chemotherapy improves survival in patients with testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

F. d'Amore, P. Kovanen, P. Kellokumpu-Lehtinen, 2019, European journal of cancer.

Congestive heart failure: more common as well as an important cardiovascular outcome: reply.

J. Sinisalo, P. Kovanen, K. Eklund, 2017, European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy.

Cholesterol crystals activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in human monocytes and macrophages

P. Kovanen, K. Öörni, S. Matikainen, 2010 .

A. Sajantila, J. Stoop, B. Budowle, 2021, Frontiers in Climate.

The impact of gender and serum estradiol levels on HDL‐mediated reverse cholesterol transport

M. Jauhiainen, J. Metso, P. Kovanen, 2013, European journal of clinical investigation.

Airborne particles and cardiovascular morbidity in severe inherited hypercholesterolemia: Vulnerable endothelium under multiple attacks

B. Budowle, P. Kovanen, A. Vuorio, 2021, BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology.

Remodeling of HDL by phospholipid transfer protein: demonstration of particle fusion by 1H NMR spectroscopy.

M Ala-Korpela, M. Ala-Korpela, M. Jauhiainen, 1998, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

Novel 6p21.3 Risk Haplotype Predisposes to Acute Coronary Syndrome

V. Salomaa, M. Perola, M. Nieminen, 2016, Circulation. Cardiovascular genetics.

Protective effects of simvastatin on coronary artery function in swine with acute infection.

P. Kovanen, I. Paakkari, E. Pesonen, 2006, Atherosclerosis.

Novel 6p21.3 Risk Haplotype Predisposes to Acute Coronary Syndrome

V. Salomaa, M. Perola, M. Nieminen, 2016, Circulation. Cardiovascular genetics.

The polygenic nature of hypertriglyceridaemia: implications for definition, diagnosis, and management.

J. Borén, S. Humphries, M. Taskinen, 2014, The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology.

Accumulation of activated mast cells in the shoulder region of human coronary atheroma, the predilection site of atheromatous rupture.

P. Kovanen, M. Kaartinen, A. Penttilä, 1994, Circulation.

Potential pathological roles for oxidized low-density lipoprotein and scavenger receptors SR-AI, CD36, and LOX-1 in aortic valve stenosis.

P. Kovanen, Mervi Alanne-Kinnunen, M. Kupari, 2014, Atherosclerosis.

An emerging role of mast cells in cerebral ischemia and hemorrhage

M. Karjalainen‐Lindsberg, T. Tatlisumak, D. Strbian, 2009, Annals of medicine.

J. Borén, S. Humphries, M. Taskinen, 2014, European heart journal.

Mast Cell Activation In Vivo Impairs the Macrophage Reverse Cholesterol Transport Pathway in the Mouse

M. Jauhiainen, J. Metso, N. Rotllan, 2011, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

Apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide 4F blocks sphingomyelinase-induced LDL aggregation[S]

I. Vattulainen, S. Ylä-Herttuala, P. Kovanen, 2015, Journal of Lipid Research.

Conformational changes of apoB-100 in SMase-modified LDL mediate formation of large aggregates at acidic pH[S]

M. Riekkola, P. Kovanen, K. Öörni, 2012, Journal of Lipid Research.

p38&dgr; MAPK: A Novel Regulator of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation With Increased Expression in Coronary Atherogenesis

J. Tuimala, A. Risco, A. Cuenda, 2016, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

Response to Dr. Gerald M Reaven: good news for patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia: statins are not diabetogenic in this disease

T. Strandberg, P. Kovanen, W. J. Schneider, 2016, Journal of Internal Medicine.

High negative charge‐to‐size ratio in polyphosphates and heparin regulates factor VII‐activating protease

K. Preissner, P. Kovanen, S. Kanse, 2009, The FEBS journal.

Vascular Health and Risk Management Dovepress Inhibition of Hepatic Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein – a Novel Therapeutic Option for Treatment of Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia

P. Kovanen, A. Vuorio, M. Tikkanen, 2022 .

Inhibition of the oxidative modification of LDL by nitecapone.

P. Kovanen, K. Lindstedt, M. Pentikäinen, 1994, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

Morphology and histology of silent and symptom-causing atherosclerotic carotid plaques – Rationale and design of the Helsinki Carotid Endarterectomy Study 2 (the HeCES2)

L. Soinne, H. Silvennoinen, M. Mäyränpää, 2018, Annals of medicine.

Chymase released from hypoxia-activated cardiac mast cells cleaves human apoA-I at Tyr192 and compromises its cardioprotective activity[S]

M. Baumann, M. Jauhiainen, P. Kovanen, 2018, Journal of Lipid Research.

Use of polymerase chain reaction to detect heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.

P. Kovanen, K. Kontula, E. Helve, 1990, Clinical chemistry.

IgE stimulates human and mouse arterial cell apoptosis and cytokine expression and promotes atherogenesis in Apoe-/- mice.

P. Libby, D. Conrad, T. Kawakami, 2018, The Journal of clinical investigation.

, Andrea Rupture of the Atherosclerotic Plaque : Does a Good Animal Model Exist ?

S. Lorkowski, P. Cullen, M. Goddard, 2003 .

Statins for children with familial hypercholesterolemia.

S. Humphries, S. Tonstad, P. Kovanen, 2014, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

Statins for children with familial hypercholesterolemia.

S. Humphries, S. Tonstad, P. Kovanen, 2017, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

Mast cells: important players in the orchestrated pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms.

M. Mäyränpää, P. Kovanen, J. Swedenborg, 2011, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.