R. Lal

J. Tappero, R. Lal, Chunfu Yang, 2005, Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases.

Lymphocyte subpopulations in Bancroftian filariasis: activated (DR+) CD8+ T cells in patients with chronic lymphatic obstruction.

N. Krishnan, T. Nutman, R. Lal, 1989, Clinical and experimental immunology.

Differential Association of Gene Content Polymorphisms of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors with Placental Malaria in HIV− and HIV+ Mothers

B. Nahlen, L. Slutsker, R. Lal, 2012, PloS one.

HTLV-I in Alaska Natives.

R. Lal, M. Lairmore, A. Lanier, 1993, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

Synthetic peptide-based immunoassays for distinguishing between human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I and type II infections in seropositive individuals

T. M. Hartley, W. Heneine, R. Khabbaz, 1991, Journal of clinical microbiology.

Activation of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1tax Gene Expression in Chronically Infected T Cells

R. Lal, C. Dezzutti, A. Rabson, 1998, Journal of Virology.

Development of a monoclonal antibody-based p24 capsid antigen detection assay for HTLV-I, HTLV-II, and STLV-I infection.

R. Lal, C. Dezzutti, M. Lairmore, 1992, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

Evaluation of case definitions for estimation of respiratory syncytial virus associated hospitalizations among children in a rural community of northern India

A. Krishnan, R. Lal, S. Gerber, 2015, Journal of global health.

Modulation of T-Cell Responses to a Recall Antigen in Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1-Infected Individuals

H. Tsubouchi, R. Lal, C. Dezzutti, 1999, Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology.

Type 1-Infected Individuals Antigen in Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Modulation of T-Cell Responses to a Recall

H. Tsubouchi, R. Lal, C. Dezzutti, 1999 .

Analysis of Genetic Variability within the Immunodominant Epitopes of Envelope gp41 from Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Group M and Its Impact on HIV-1 Antibody Detection

Jonathan G. Dorn, D. Pieniążek, R. Lal, 2000, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

Detection of Phylogenetically Diverse Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Groups M and O from Plasma by Using Highly Sensitive and Specific Generic Primers

F. Gao, D. Pieniążek, A. Tanuri, 1999, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

Long-Term Preservation of Whole Blood Samples for Flow Cytometry Analysis in Normal and HIV-Infected Individuals from Africa

R. Lal, P. Perine, S. Hira, 1990, International journal of STD & AIDS.

Differences in Influenza Seasonality by Latitude

P. Koul, M. Shaw, R. Lal, 2014 .

Down-regulation of interleukin-10 expression and production is associated with spontaneous proliferation by lymphocytes from human T lymphotropic virus type II-infected persons.

R. Lal, C. Dezzutti, D. Rudolph, 1998, The Journal of infectious diseases.

Immunization with a novel HIV-1-Tat multiple-peptide conjugate induces effective immune response in mice

Kenneth M. Yamada, L. Wahl, R. Lal, 2000, Peptides.

Phenotypic expression of integrin membrane receptors on spontaneously proliferating CD8 cells in human T-lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II)-infected individuals

R. Lal, T. Rowe, T. Folks, 1992, Journal of Clinical Immunology.

Detection of antibodies to trans-activator protein (p40taxI) of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I by a synthetic peptide-based assay.

J. Coligan, R. Lal, D. Rudolph, 1994, Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology.

Spontaneous Proliferation of HTLV‐II‐Infected Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes: HLA‐DR‐Driven, IL‐2‐Dependent Response

B. Hjelle, R. Lal, D. Rudolph, 1992, Microbiology and immunology.

Selective elimination of lymphocyte subpopulations by monoclonal antibody-enzyme conjugates.

B. Seligmann, R. Lal, T. Chused, 1985, Journal of immunological methods.

Elevated levels of cICAM-1 in patients with human T-cell leukemia virus type I associated myelopathy and adult T-cell leukemia.

R. Rothlein, R. Lal, E. Mainolfi, 1992, Blood.

Male-to-female transmission of human T-cell lymphotropic virus types I and II: association with viral load. The Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study Group.

W. Heneine, R. Khabbaz, G. Schreiber, 1996, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes and human retrovirology : official publication of the International Retrovirology Association.

Enhanced diagnostic specificity in human filariasis by IgG4 antibody assessment.

R. Lal, E. Ottesen, 1988, The Journal of infectious diseases.

Activity of alpha- and theta-defensins against primary isolates of HIV-1.

A. Waring, R. Lehrer, R. Lal, 2004, Journal of immunology.

Simultaneous confirmation and differentiation of human T‐lymphotropic virus types I and II infection by modified western blot containing recombinant envelope glycoproteins

E. M. Kaime, R. Lal, S. Brodine, 1993, Transfusion.

Characterization of a B-cell immunodominant epitope of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-I) envelope gp46.

R. Lal, C. Dezzutti, M. Lairmore, 1992, Cancer letters.

Failure to detect evidence of human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) type I and type II in blood donors with isolated gag antibodies to HTLV-I/II.

J. Coligan, R. Lal, S. Brodine, 1992, Blood.

Sensitivity and specificity of a recombinant transmembrane glycoprotein (rgp21)-spiked western immunoblot for serological confirmation of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I and type II infections

R. Lal, J. Kazura, S. Brodine, 1992, Journal of clinical microbiology.

Other Human Retrovirus Infections: HTLV-I and HTLV-II

R. Lal, M. Lairmore, 1992 .

Humoral responses to the immunodominant gag and env epitopes of human T-lymphotropic virus type I among Melanesians.

R. Lal, V. Nerurkar, R. Yanagihara, 1992, Viral immunology.

Differential antibody responsiveness to p19 Gag results in serological discrimination between human T lymphotropic virus type I and type II

J. Coligan, R. Lal, S. Brodine, 1991, Journal of medical virology.

Evaluation of a recombinant human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) p21E antibody detection enzyme immunoassay as a supplementary test in HTLV-I/II antibody testing algorithms

T. M. Hartley, R. Khabbaz, R. Lal, 1991, Journal of clinical microbiology.

Molecular detection and isolation of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) from patients with HAM/TSP in São Paulo, Brazil.

M. Scaff, R. Lal, R. Domingues, 1998, Clinical and diagnostic virology.

Concomitant augmentation of CD4+CD29+ helper inducer and diminution of CD4+CD45RA+ suppressor inducer subset in patients infected with human T cell lymphotropic virus types I or II

R. Lal, M. Lairmore, D. Rudolph, 1992, Clinical and experimental immunology.

Phylogenetic analysis of gp 41 envelope of HIV-1 groups M , N , and O strains provides an alternate region for subtype determination

D. Pieniążek, R. Lal, Chunfu Yang, 1999 .

Estimating the time of HTLV‐I infection following mother‐to‐child transmission in a breast‐feeding population in Jamaica

R. Lal, S. Wiktor, D. Rudolph, 1999, Journal of medical virology.

Sequence variation within the immunodominant epitope-coding region from the external glycoprotein of human T lymphotropic virus type II in isolates from Seminole Indians.

P. Levine, R. Lal, S. Owen, 1994, The Journal of infectious diseases.

Immune responsiveness to the immunodominant recombinant envelope epitopes of human T lymphotropic virus types I and II in diverse geographic populations.

G. Reyes, B. Hjelle, J. Lipka, 1992, The Journal of infectious diseases.

Characterization of immunodominant epitopes of gag and pol gene-encoded proteins of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I

J. Coligan, R. Lal, T. Folks, 1991, Journal of virology.

Idiopathic CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia--an analysis of five patients with unexplained opportunistic infections.

R. Lal, T. Rowe, T. Spira, 1993, The New England journal of medicine.

Use of Inhibitors To Evaluate Coreceptor Usage by Simian and Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Viruses and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 in Primary Cells

John P. Moore, A. Gettie, P. Marx, 2000, Journal of Virology.

Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 peptides in chimeric and multivalent constructs with promiscuous T-cell epitopes enhance immunogenicity and overcome genetic restriction

R. Lal, M. Lairmore, P. Kaumaya, 1995, Journal of virology.

Association between maternal antibodies to the external envelope glycoprotein and vertical transmission of human T-lymphotropic virus type I. Maternal anti-env antibodies correlate with protection in non-breast-fed children.

R. Lal, S. Katamine, T. Miyamoto, 1995, The Journal of clinical investigation.

restriction . immunogenicity and overcome genetic promiscuous T-cell epitopes enhance chimeric and multivalent constructs with Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 peptides in

R. Lal, M. Lairmore, P. Kaumaya, 1995 .

Spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation in human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) and HTLV-II infection: T-cell subset responses and their relationships to the presence of provirus and viral antigen production.

R. Lal, H. Prince, S. Owen, 1994, Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology.

Presence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1, group M, non-B subtypes, Bronx, New York: a sentinel site for monitoring HIV genetic diversity in the United States.

S. Holmberg, D. Pieniążek, R. Lal, 2000, The Journal of infectious diseases.

Twenty-five years of HTLV type II follow-up with a possible case of tropical spastic paraparesis in the Kayapo, a Brazilian Indian tribe.

R. Biggar, R. Lal, F. Black, 1996, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

Genetic diversity of HIV-1 in western Kenya: subtype-specific differences in mother-to-child transmission

B. Nahlen, R. Lal, Chunfu Yang, 2003, AIDS.

Fixation and long-term storage of human lymphocytes for surface marker analysis by flow cytometry.

T M Chused, R. Lal, R B Lal, 1988, Cytometry.

Serological discrimination of HTLV I and II infection in Melanesia

R. Lal, A. Ajdukiewicz, R. Yanagihara, 1991, The Lancet.

Isolation, characterization, and transmission of human T-lymphotropic virus types I and II in culture

C. Goldsmith, R. Lal, T. Folks, 1993, Current Microbiology.

Selective infection of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-infected cells by chimeric human immunodeficiency viruses containing HTLV-1 tax response elements in the long terminal repeat

R. Lal, A. Rabson, M. Bodkin, 1995, Journal of virology.

Characterization of Entry Mechanisms of Human Herpesvirus 8 by Using an Rta-Dependent Reporter Cell Line

N. Inoue, R. Lal, M. Offermann, 2003, Journal of Virology.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Group M Protease in Cameroon: Genetic Diversity and Protease Inhibitor Mutational Features

M. Kalish, D. Pieniążek, R. Lal, 2002, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

Protease sequences from HIV-1 group M subtypes A–H reveal distinct amino acid mutation patterns associated with protease resistance in protease inhibitor-naive individuals worldwide

D J Hu, D. Pieniążek, V. Soriano, 2000, AIDS.

Prevalence of and risk factors for HTLV-I and HTLV-II infection among patients at a hospital in the south Bronx, New York.

R. Lal, K. Irwin, D. Rudolph, 1996, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes and human retrovirology : official publication of the International Retrovirology Association.

Common Antigenic Determinants of Fasciola gigantica as Defined by Monoclonal Antibodies to Phosphocholine

R. Lal, S. C. Yadav, G. C. Ram, 1996 .

Monoclonal antibodies to secreted antigens of Brugia malayi define a cross‐reactive non‐phosphocholine determinant on helminth parasites

R. Lal, 1991, Immunology and cell biology.

Phosphocholine epitopes on helminth and protozoal parasites and their presence in the circulation of infected human patients.

R. Lal, E. Ottesen, 1989, Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

Antibodies to phosphocholine-bearing antigens in lymphatic filariasis and changes following treatment with diethylcarbamazine.

R. Lal, E. Ottesen, 1989, Clinical and experimental immunology.

C-reactive protein in patients with lymphatic filariasis: Increased expression on lymphocytes in chronic lymphatic obstruction

R. Lal, R. Ramzy, A. A. Gad, 2004, Journal of Clinical Immunology.

IgG subclass responses to human immunodeficiency virus-1 antigens: lack of IgG2 response to gp41 correlates with clinical manifestation of disease.

R. Lal, P. Perine, E. Smith, 1991, Clinical immunology and immunopathology.

Immunodiagnosis of Filariasis

R. Lal, 1989 .

Characterization of stage-specific antigens of infective larvae of the filarial parasite Brugia malayi.

R. Lal, E. Ottesen, 1988, Journal of immunology.

Isotypic and IgG subclass restriction of the humoral immune responses to human T-lymphotropic virus type-I.

J. Coligan, R. Khabbaz, G. Reyes, 1993, Clinical immunology and immunopathology.

Sequence Note: Evidence of a High Frequency of HIV-1 Subtype F Infections in a Heterosexual Population in Buenos Aires, Argentina

D. Pieniążek, A. Tanuri, R. Lal, 2000 .

Differential immune responsiveness to the immunodominant epitopes of regulatory proteins (tax and rex) in human T cell lymphotropic virus type I-associated myelopathy.

J. Coligan, R. Lal, D. Rudolph, 1994, The Journal of infectious diseases.

Genetic characterization of circulating seasonal Influenza A viruses (2005-2009) revealed introduction of oseltamivir resistant H1N1 strains during 2009 in eastern India.

S. Chakrabarti, R. Lal, M. Chawla-Sarkar, 2010, Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases.

Transcriptional activation of the intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (CD54) gene by human T lymphotropic virus types I and II Tax is mediated through a palindromic response element.

R. Lal, C. Dezzutti, S. Caughman, 1997, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

Influenza A Virus Nucleoprotein Exploits Hsp40 to Inhibit PKR Activation

Sunil K. Lal, Priya Ranjan, Rebecca Garten, 2011, PloS one.

Genetic diversification and recombination of HIV type 1 group M in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.

R. Bollinger, R. Lal, T. Quinn, 2005, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

Pandemic and seasonal influenza viruses among patients with acute respiratory illness in Kashmir (India)

P. Koul, R. Garten, R. Lal, 2011, Influenza and other respiratory viruses.

Detection of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus in Diverse Species and of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 by Using Consensus Primers within the pol Region

D. Pieniążek, H. McClure, R. Lal, 2002, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

Temporal relationship between V1V2 variation, macrophage replication, and coreceptor adaptation during HIV-1 disease progression

N. Saksena, R. Lal, Chunfu Yang, 2002, AIDS.

Demographic Shift of Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 during and after Pandemic, Rural India

K. Fowler, A. Krishnan, R. Lal, 2012, Emerging infectious diseases.

Predominance of HIV-1 subtype A and D infections in Uganda.

D. Pieniążek, R. Lal, J. Baggs, 2000, Emerging infectious diseases.

Antibody responses to the env epitopes of human T-lymphotropic virus type I in rhesus macaques' naturally infected with simian T-lymphotropic virus type I.

J. Coligan, R. Lal, D. Rudolph, 1993, Research in virology.

Infection with human T-lymphotropic virus types I and II results in alterations of cellular receptors, including the up-modulation of T-cell counterreceptors CD40, CD54, and CD80 (B7-1)

R. Lal, C. Dezzutti, D. Rudolph, 1995, Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology.

Endemicity and phylogeny of the human T cell lymphotropic virus type II subtype A from the Kayapo Indians of Brazil: evidence for limited regional dissemination.

W. Heneine, D. Pieniążek, R. Biggar, 1996, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: Genetics

R. Kaslow, R. Lal, J. Mcnicholl, 2006 .

Enhanced specificity of truncated transmembrane protein for serologic confirmation of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and HTLV-2 infections by western blot (immunoblot) assay containing recombinant envelope glycoproteins

R. Lal, W. Switzer, S. Foung, 1995, Journal of clinical microbiology.

Costimulatory effects of T cell proliferation during infection with human T lymphotropic virus types I and II are mediated through CD80 and CD86 ligands.

P. Linsley, R. Lal, C. Dezzutti, 1996, Journal of immunology.

Characterization of human T-lymphotropic virus type I- and II-infected T-cell lines: antigenic, phenotypic, and genotypic analysis.

R. Lal, C. Dezzutti, D. Rudolph, 1993, Virus research.

Association of CCR5 human haplogroup E with rapid HIV type 1 disease progression.

V. Soriano, R. Lal, Chunfu Yang, 2005, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

CCR5 promoter human haplogroups associated with HIV-1 disease progression in Thai injection drug users

J. Tappero, R. Lal, Chunfu Yang, 2004, AIDS.

Association between Immunoglobulin GM and KM Genotypes and Placental Malaria in HIV-1 Negative and Positive Women in Western Kenya

A. Namboodiri, B. Nahlen, Ajay Yesupriya, 2013, PloS one.

HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, HLA-A11, and chemokine-related factors may act synergistically to determine HIV resistance in CCR5 delta32-negative female sex workers in Chiang Rai, northern Thailand.

Kyle B. Bond, L. Kostrikis, T. Hodge, 2001, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

Sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction assays for diagnosis of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) and HTLV-II infections in HTLV-I/II-seropositive individuals

W. Heneine, R. Khabbaz, R. Lal, 1992, Journal of clinical microbiology.

Constitutive production of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha from spontaneously proliferating T cells in patients with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-I/II.

R. Lal, D. Rudolph, 1991, Blood.

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2.

R. Lal, C. Dezzutti, A. Gessain, 2011 .

Molecular analysis of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type II from Wayuu Indians of Colombia demonstrates two subtypes of HTLV-IIb

W. Heneine, D. Pieniążek, R. Lal, 2005, Virus Genes.

Sensitivity and specificity of a DNA polymerase chain reaction nonisotopic-based detection method for the confirmation of infection with human T-lymphotropic virus types I and II.

R. Lal, C. Dezzutti, W. Switzer, 1996, Clinical and diagnostic virology.

Phylogenetic relationship and geographic distribution of multiple human T-cell lymphotropic virus type II subtypes

W. Heneine, R. Khabbaz, D. Pieniążek, 1995, Journal of virology.

Discrimination of human T-lymphotropic virus type-I and type-II infections by synthetic peptides representing structural epitopes from the envelope glycoproteins.

R. Lal, D. Rudolph, 1993, Clinical chemistry.

Genetically Divergent Strains of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 Use Multiple Coreceptors for Viral Entry

B. Hahn, R. Lal, S. Wiktor, 1998, Journal of Virology.

Serologic discrimination of human T cell lymphotropic virus infection by using a synthetic peptide-based enzyme immunoassay.

J. Coligan, R. Khabbaz, R. Lal, 1991, The Journal of infectious diseases.

Cloning and Expression of a Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Protein with Reverse Transcriptase Activity

R. Lal, S. Owen, R. A. Ikeda, 1998, Journal of Virology.

Efficient Expression and Rapid Purification of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Protease

R. Lal, Y. S. Ding, R. A. Ikeda, 1998, Journal of Virology.

Delineation of immunodominant epitopes of human T-lymphotropic virus types I and II and their usefulness in developing serologic assays for detection of antibodies to HTLV-I and HTLV-II.

R. Lal, Renu B. Lal, 1996, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes and human retrovirology : official publication of the International Retrovirology Association.

Identification and characterization of an extended Tax protein in human T-cell lymphotropic virus type II subtype b isolates

J. Coligan, R. Lal, T. Folks, 1993, Journal of virology.

Complete nucleotide sequence of an Amerindian human T-cell lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) isolate: identification of a variant HTLV-II subtype b from a Guaymi Indian

R. Lal, W. Switzer, T. Folks, 1993, Journal of virology.

Serologic differentiation of human T lymphotropic virus type I from type II infection by synthetic peptide immunoassays

R. Lal, K. Hyams, S. Brodine, 1992, Journal of medical virology.

Stromal-derived factor-1 chemokine gene variant is associated with the delay of HIV-1 disease progression in two longitudinal cohorts.

R. Lal, P. Guenthner, C. Dezzutti, 2000, AIDS.

Improved breadth and potency of an HIV-1-neutralizing human single-chain antibody by random mutagenesis and sequential antigen panning.

D. Dimitrov, P. Prabakaran, R. Lal, 2004, Journal of molecular biology.

In vivo cellular tropism of human T-lymphotropic virus type II is not restricted to CD8+ cells.

R. Lal, H. Prince, D. Rudolph, 1995, Virology.

Genotypic characteristics of HTLV-II isolates from Amerindian and non-Indian populations

B. Hjelle, R. Lal, T. Folks, 2005, Virus Genes.

Presence of human T lymphotropic virus types I and II in Ghana, west Africa.

P. Levine, R. Lal, S. Owen, 1994, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type II (HTLV‐II) Infection Among Female Prostitutes in Yucatan, Mexico

R. Lal, D. Rudolph, N. Pavía-Ruz, 1993, The American journal of the medical sciences.

Evidence for mother-to-child transmission of human T lymphotropic virus type II.

R. Lal, W. Switzer, A. Lal, 1993, The Journal of infectious diseases.

Detection of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) tax Sequences in New York City Blood Donors Seronegative for HTLV Types 1 and 2

U. Utz, R. Lal, P. Guenthner, 2003, Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology.

Mother-to-Child Transmission of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type II (HTLV-II)

R. Lal, A. Segurado, S. Owen, 1994, Annals of Internal Medicine.

Absence of human T‐lymphotropic virus type I tax sequences in a population of normal blood donors in the Baltimore, MD/Washington, DC, area: results from a multicenter study

D. Gallahan, I. Hewlett, R. Lal, 1999, Transfusion.

Impact of genetic diversity of HIV-1 on diagnosis, antiretroviral therapy & vaccine development.

Chunfu Yang, S. Chakrabarti, R. Lal, 2005, The Indian journal of medical research.

Genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of HIV-1 subtype C from Uganda.

D. Pieniążek, R. Lal, M. Rayfield, 2000, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

Identification of immunodominant epitopes in envelope glycoprotein of human T lymphotropic virus type II.

J. Coligan, P. Levine, B. Hjelle, 1992, Virology.

The cost of acute respiratory infections in Northern India: a multi-site study

P. Koul, F. Dawood, A. Krishnan, 2015, BMC Public Health.

Rates of respiratory virus-associated hospitalization in children aged <5 years in rural northern India

F. Dawood, A. Krishnan, R. Lal, 2013, Journal of Infection.

Efficacy of inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine in rural India: a 3-year cluster-randomised controlled trial

Seemalata Jain, K. Fowler, A. Krishnan, 2019, The Lancet. Global health.

Differences in Influenza Seasonality by Latitude, Northern India

P. Koul, M. Shaw, R. Lal, 2014, Emerging infectious diseases.

Subclinical Plasmodium falciparum Infection and HIV-1 Viral Load

M. Kolczak, B. Nahlen, K. Brouwer, 2007, Emerging infectious diseases.

Incidence of symptomatic A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza during the pandemic and post-pandemic periods in a rural Indian community.

K. Fowler, A. Krishnan, R. Lal, 2013, International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases.

Influenza A viral nucleoprotein interacts with cytoskeleton scaffolding protein α‐actinin‐4 for viral replication

N. Cox, S. Tripathi, R. Lal, 2014, The FEBS journal.

Detection of diverse variants of human immunodeficiency virus-1 groups M, N, and O and simian immunodeficiency viruses from chimpanzees by using generic pol and env primer pairs.

B. Hahn, D. Pieniążek, R. Lal, 2000, The Journal of infectious diseases.

Cervical shedding of human T cell lymphotropic virus type I is associated with cervicitis.

K. Holmes, J. Zunt, R. Lal, 2002, The Journal of infectious diseases.

Characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 from HIV-1 seropositive cases with undetectable viremia.

R. Lal, Chunfu Yang, Ming Li, 2004, Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology.

Evaluation of United States-Licensed Human Immunodeficiency Virus Immunoassays for Detection of Group M Viral Variants

P. Sullivan, W. Koch, R. Lal, 2001, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

Presence of diverse human immunodeficiency virus type 1 viral variants in Cameroon.

D. Pieniążek, R. Lal, J. Nkengasong, 2000, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

Phylogenetic analysis of protease and transmembrane region of HIV type 1 group O.

D. Pieniążek, R. Lal, L. Zekeng, 2000, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

Genetic diversity and high proportion of intersubtype recombinants among HIV type 1-infected pregnant women in Kisumu, western Kenya.

B. Nahlen, R. Lal, Chunfu Yang, 2004, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

Persistently negative HIV-1 antibody enzyme immunoassay screening results for patients with HIV-1 infection and AIDS: serologic, clinical, and virologic results. Seronegative AIDS Clinical Study Group.

A. Lansky, P. Sullivan, R. Lal, 1999, AIDS.

Burden of Seasonal and Pandemic Influenza-Associated Hospitalization during and after 2009 A(H1N1)pdm09 Pandemic in a Rural Community in India

F. Dawood, R. Lal, S. Juvekar, 2013, PloS one.

Adaptation to promiscuous usage of CC and CXC‐chemokine coreceptors in vivo correlates with HIV‐1 disease progression

R. Lal, T. Spira, D. Rudolph, 1998, AIDS.

Analysis of a biallelic polymorphism in the tumor necrosis factor alpha promoter and HIV type 1 disease progression.

J. Phair, Steven Wolinsky, R. Koup, 1998, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

Spontaneous proliferation of memory (CD45RO+) and naive (CD45RO‐) subsets of CD4 cells and CD8 cells in human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infection: distinctive patterns for HTLV‐I versus HTLV‐II

R. Lal, H. Prince, S. Owen, 1995, Clinical and experimental immunology.

Modulation of HTLV-II-associated spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation by beta 2 integrin CD11a/CD18 involves interaction with its cognate ligand, CD54.

R. Lal, C. Dezzutti, S. Dhawan, 1994, Cellular Immunology.

Influenza seasonality and vaccination timing in tropical and subtropical areas of southern and south-eastern Asia.

Mahmudur Rahman, P. Buchy, R. Lal, 2014, Bulletin of the World Health Organization.

Unintegrated two-long terminal repeat circular human T lymphotropic virus DNA accumulation during chronic HTLV infection.

N. Besansky, T. Nutman, R. Lal, 1993, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

A synthetic peptide elicits antibodies reactive with the external glycoprotein of human T cell lymphotropic virus type I.

J. Coligan, R. Lal, T. Folks, 1991, The Journal of general virology.

Immunologic cross-reactivity between structural proteins of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I and the blood stage of Plasmodium falciparum

M. Alpers, R. Lal, A. Lal, 1994, Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology.

CCR5 coreceptor usage of non-syncytium-inducing primary HIV-1 is independent of phylogenetically distinct global HIV-1 isolates: delineation of consensus motif in the V3 domain that predicts CCR-5 usage.

R. Lal, J. Goudsmit, A. Lal, 1998, Virology.

Functioning of SHGs with a Special Focus on an Indian State

R. Lal, T. Sarangi, A. Devi, 2018 .

Multisite virological influenza surveillance in India: 2004–2008

Lalit Kant, Anand Krishnan, A. Krishnan, 2011, Influenza and other respiratory viruses.

Viral and immunologic examination of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected, persistently seronegative persons.

P. Sullivan, R. Lal, T. Folks, 1999, The Journal of infectious diseases.

Dynamic Patterns of Circulating Seasonal and Pandemic A(H1N1)pdm09 Influenza Viruses From 2007–2010 in and around Delhi, India

A. Krishnan, R. Lal, S. Kaushik, 2012, PloS one.

Detection of human T-lymphotropic virus type-I/II env antibodies by immunoassays using recombinant fusion proteins.

R. Khabbaz, R. Lal, T. Folks, 1993, Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease.

A theta-defensin composed exclusively of D-amino acids is active against HIV-1.

R I Lehrer, A. Waring, R. Lehrer, 2004, The journal of peptide research : official journal of the American Peptide Society.

HIV-1 strains from a cohort of American subjects reveal the presence of a V2 region extension unique to slow progressors and non-progressors

N. Saksena, R. Lal, T. Spira, 2000, AIDS.

Validity of clinical case definitions for influenza surveillance among hospitalized patients: results from a rural community in North India

F. Dawood, A. Krishnan, R. Lal, 2012, Influenza and other respiratory viruses.

HIV, malaria, and infant anemia as risk factors for postneonatal infant mortality among HIV-seropositive women in Kisumu, Kenya.

B. Nahlen, L. Slutsker, R. Lal, 2007, The Journal of infectious diseases.

Divergent seasonal patterns of influenza types A and B across latitude gradient in Tropical Asia

K. Lindblade, N. Cox, F. Dawood, 2016, Influenza and other respiratory viruses.

Prevalence and epidemiology of pandemic H1N1 strains in hospitals of Eastern India

S. Chakrabarti, R. Lal, M. Chawla-Sarkar, 2010 .

Molecular and biological interactions between two HIV-1 strains from a coinfected patient reveal the first evidence in favor of viral synergism.

R. Lal, A. Cunningham, M. Miranda-Saksena, 2000, Virology.

Genetic diversity of HA1 domain of hemagglutinin gene of pandemic influenza H1N1pdm09 viruses in New Delhi, India

R. Garten, A. Krishnan, R. Lal, 2012, Journal of medical virology.

Evidence of a high frequency of HIV-1 subtype F infections in a heterosexual population in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

D. Pieniążek, A. Tanuri, R. Lal, 2000, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

Interferon-gamma induces resistance in primary monocytes against human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infection.

A. Heredia, I. Hewlett, L. Wahl, 1994, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

Variability of critical epitopes within HIV-1 heptad repeat domains for selected entry inhibitors in HIV-infected populations worldwide [corrected].

R. Lal, S. L. Hanna, Chunfu Yang, 2002, AIDS.

Resistance mutation in HIV entry inhibitors

R. Lal, S. L. Hanna, Chunfu Yang, 2002 .

Laboratory characterization of human T cell lymphotropic virus types 1 (HTLV-1) and 2 (HTLV-2) infections in blood donors from Sao Paulo, Brazil.

R. Lal, C. Pannuti, L. M. Sumita, 1997, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

Immunology of HIV-1.

S. Lipton, I. Grant, H. Gendelman, 2005 .

Use of TaqMan Array Card for the Detection of Respiratory Viral Pathogens in Children under 5 Years Old Hospitalised with Acute Medical Illness in Ballabgarh, Haryana, India

Seemalata Jain, A. Iuliano, A. Krishnan, 2019, Indian journal of medical microbiology.

Design and initiation of a study to assess the direct and indirect effects of influenza vaccine given to children in rural India.

L. Moulton, K. Fowler, A. Krishnan, 2012, Vaccine.

Emergence of 2009A/H1N1 cases in a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi, India

R. Lal, S. Kaushik, S. Broor, 2011, Influenza and other respiratory viruses.

An outbreak of influenza B in an isolated nomadic community in Jammu & Kashmir, India

P. Koul, R. Lal, N. Bali, 2013, The Indian journal of medical research.

Constitutive expression and production of tumor necrosis factor-beta in T-cell lines infected with HTLV-I and HTLV-II.

R. Lal, G. Delespesse, N. Yamashita, 1993, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

R. Lal, 1991, AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses.

Serological Detection of Infection with Diverse Human and Simian Immunodeficiency Viruses Using Consensus envPeptides

R. Lal, Chunfu Yang, D. Rudolph, 2000, Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology.

HIV type 1 sequence diversity and dual infections in Kenya.

B. Nahlen, N. Saksena, R. Lal, 2005, AIDS research and human retroviruses.

Infection with human T-lymphotropic viruses leads to constitutive expression of leukemia inhibitory factor and interleukin-6.

R. Lal, W. Hooper, D. Rudolph, 1993, Blood.