R. Sparks

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Aptitude for learning a foreign language

Leonore Ganschow, Richard L. Sparks, R. Sparks, 2001, Annual Review of Applied Linguistics.

College Students With Learning Disability Diagnoses

Benjamin J. Lovett, R. Sparks, 2009, Journal of learning disabilities.

R. Sparks, L. Ganschow, J. Javorsky, 1998, Journal of learning disabilities.

Prediction of performance in first-year foreign language courses: Connections between native and foreign language learning.

Jon M. Patton, R. Sparks, L. Ganschow, 1995 .

Relationships among L1 print exposure and early L1 literacy skills, L2 aptitude, and L2 proficiency

Jon M. Patton, R. Sparks, L. Ganschow, 2012 .

Individual differences in L1 achievement impact L2 learning

R. Sparks, 2012 .

Do L1 Reading Achievement and L1 Print Exposure Contribute to the Prediction of L2 Proficiency

Jon M. Patton, R. Sparks, L. Ganschow, 2012 .

Differences in Language Performance among High-, Average-, and Low-Anxious College Foreign Language Learners

Jon M. Patton, R. Sparks, L. Ganschow, 1994 .

Perceptions of Low and High Risk Students and Students with Learning Disabilities About High School Foreign Language Courses

R. Sparks, L. Ganschow, J. Javorsky, 1993 .

How Many U.S. High School Students Have a Foreign Language Reading “Disability”? Reading Without Meaning and the Simple View

R. Sparks, Julie Luebbers, 2018, Journal of learning disabilities.

LEARNING DISABILITIES AND FOREIGN‐LANGUAGE DIFFICULTIES: DEFICIT IN LISTENING SKILLS?

R. Sparks, L. Ganschow, 1986 .

Students Classified as LD Who Received Course Substitutions for the College Foreign Language Requirement

R. Sparks, J. Javorsky, L. Philips, 2002, Journal of learning disabilities.

How Well Do U.S. High School Students Achieve in Spanish When Compared to Native Spanish Speakers

R. Sparks, Martha Castaneda, Julie Luebbers, 2017 .

Language Deficits in Poor L2 Comprehenders: The Simple View

R. Sparks, 2015 .

College Students Classified with ADHD and the Foreign Language Requirement

R. Sparks, J. Javorsky, L. Philips, 2004, Journal of learning disabilities.

Foreign Language Teachers' Perceptions of Students' Academic Skills, Affective Characteristics, and Proficiency: Replication and Follow-up Studies.

R. Sparks, L. Ganschow, M. Artzer, 2004 .

If You Don't Know Where You're Going, You'll Wind up Somewhere Else: The Case of “Foreign Language Learning Disability”

R. Sparks, 2009 .

Long-term impacts of L1 language skills on L2 anxiety: The mediating role of language aptitude and L2 achievement

R. Sparks, Abdullah Alamer, 2022, Language Teaching Research.

Language Anxiety and Proficiency in a Foreign Language

R. Sparks, L. Ganschow, M. Artzer, 1997, Perceptual and motor skills.

Parent Perceptions in the Screening of Performance in Foreign Language Courses

R. Sparks, L. Ganschow, 1995 .

Comparison of the Performance of College Students Classified as ADHD, LD, and LD/ ADHD in Foreign Language Courses

R. Sparks, J. Javorsky, L. Philips, 2005 .

College Students Classified as Having Learning Disabilities and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and the Foreign Language Requirement

R. Sparks, J. Javorsky, L. Philips, 2003 .

Should the Modern Language Aptitude Test Be Used to Determine Course Substitutions for and Waivers of the Foreign Language Requirement

R. Sparks, L. Ganschow, J. Javorsky, 2005 .

I Know One When I See One (Or, I Know One Because I Am One): A Response to Mabbott

R. Sparks, L. Ganschow, J. Javorsky, 1995 .

The Identification and Performance of Gifted Students With Learning Disability Diagnoses

Benjamin J. Lovett, R. Sparks, 2013, Journal of learning disabilities.

Phonemic awareness and reading skill in hyperlexic children: A longitudinal study

R. Sparks, 2001 .

English as a foreign language spelling development: A longitudinal study

Z. Goldstein, R. Sparks, Janina Kahn-Horwitz, 2012 .

Relevance of the Linguistic Coding Difference Hypothesis to English as an Additional Language of Literacy in Israel

Z. Goldstein, R. Sparks, Janina Kahn-Horwitz, 2012 .

Benefits of multisensory structured language instruction for at-risk foreign language learners: A comparison study of high school Spanish students

Jon M. Patton, R. Sparks, L. Ganschow, 1998 .

Where Does Language Aptitude Come From? Redux

R. Sparks, 2022, Language Teaching Research Quarterly.

Early reading success and its relationship to reading achievement and reading volume: replication of ‘10 years later’

Jon M. Patton, R. Sparks, Amy Murdoch, 2013, Reading and Writing.

Relationships among L1 print exposure and early L1 literacy skills, L2 aptitude, and L2 proficiency

Jon M. Patton, R. Sparks, L. Ganschow, 2011, Reading and Writing.

Early first-language reading and spelling skills predict later second-language reading and spelling skills

Jon M. Patton, R. Sparks, L. Ganschow, 2008 .

Searching for the Cognitive Locus of Foreign Language Learning Difficulties: Linking First and Second Language Learning

Leonore Ganschow, Richard L. Sparks, R. Sparks, 1993 .

Identifying Native Language Difficulties Among Foreign Language Learners in College: A "Foreign" Language Learning Disability?

R. Sparks, L. Ganschow, J. Javorsky, 1991, Journal of learning disabilities.

A Screening Instrument for the Identification of Foreign Language Learning Problems

R. Sparks, L. Ganschow, 1991 .

Foreign language learning differences: Affective or native language aptitude differences?

Leonore Ganschow, Richard L. Sparks, R. Sparks, 1991 .

Myths About Foreign Language Learning and Learning Disabilities

R. Sparks, 2016 .

Early reading success and its relationship to reading achievement and reading volume: replication of ‘10 years later’

Jon M. Patton, R. Sparks, Amy Murdoch, 2014 .

Teachers' Perceptions of Students' Foreign Language Academic Skills and Affective Characteristics.

R. Sparks, L. Ganschow, 1996 .

Exploring the Diagnosis of “Gifted/LD”: Characterizing Postsecondary Students With Learning Disability Diagnoses at Different IQ Levels

Benjamin J. Lovett, R. Sparks, 2010 .

Objective Criteria for Classification of Postsecondary Students as Learning Disabled

Benjamin J. Lovett, R. Sparks, 2009, Journal of learning disabilities.

Applying Objective Diagnostic Criteria to Students in a College Support Program for Learning Disabilities

Benjamin J. Lovett, R. Sparks, 2013 .

The Impact of Native Language Learning Problems on Foreign Language Learning: Case Study Illustrations of the Linguistic Cooling Deficit Hypothesis

Leonore Ganschow, Richard L. Sparks, R. Sparks, 1993 .

Section 504 and the Americans with Disabilities Act: Accommodating the Learning Disabled Student in the Foreign Language Curriculum (An Update).

R. Sparks, J. Javorsky, 2000 .

Students classified as learning disabled and non-learning disabled: Two comparison studies of native language skill, foreign language aptitude, and foreign language proficiency

Jon M. Patton, R. Sparks, L. Ganschow, 1998 .

The effects of multisensory structured language instruction on native language and foreign language aptitude skills of at-risk high school foreign language learners

R. Sparks, L. Ganschow, L Ganschow, 1992, Annals of dyslexia.

Test Comparisons among Students Identified as High-Risk, Low-Risk, and Learning Disabled in High School Foreign Language Courses.

Leonore Ganschow, Jon M. Patton, Richard L. Sparks, 1992 .

Foreign language learning, hyperlexia, and early word recognition

R. Sparks, M. Artzer, 2000, Annals of dyslexia.

Weak and strong novice readers of english as a foreign language: Effects of first language and socioeconomic status

Richard L. Sparks, Joseph Shimron, Janina Kahn-Horwitz, 2006, Annals of dyslexia.

Effects of Direct Instruction in Spanish Phonology on the Native-Language Skills and Foreign-Language Aptitude of At-Risk Foreign-Language Learners

R. Sparks, L. Ganschow, 1995, Journal of learning disabilities.

Linguistic coding deficits in foreign language learners

R. Sparks, L. Ganschow, Jane Pohlman, 1989, Annals of dyslexia.

Identifying Native Language Deficits in High‐ and Low‐Risk Foreign Language Learners in High School

Jon M. Patton, R. Sparks, L. Ganschow, 1992 .

Long-Term Crosslinguistic Transfer of Skills From L1 to L2

Jon M. Patton, R. Sparks, L. Ganschow, 2009 .

“Foreign” Language Learning Disabilities: Issues, Research, and Teaching Implications

R. Sparks, L. Ganschow, 1993 .

Use of an orton-gillingham approach to teach a foreign language to dyslexic/learning-disabled students: Explicit teaching of phonology in a second language

R L Sparks, R. Sparks, L. Ganschow, 1991, Annals of dyslexia.

Anxiety about Foreign Language Learning among High School Women

Leonore Ganschow, Richard L. Sparks, R. Sparks, 1996 .

Is the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale Measuring Anxiety or Language Skills

Leonore Ganschow, Richard L. Sparks, R. Sparks, 2007 .

Individual differences in L2 achievement mirror individual differences in L1 skills and L2 aptitude: Crosslinguistic transfer of L1 to L2 skills

Jon M. Patton, R. Sparks, Julie Luebbers, 2019, Foreign Language Annals.

The effects of multisensory structured language instruction on native language and foreign language aptitude skills of at-risk high school foreign language learners: A replication and follow-up study

R. Sparks, L. Ganschow, 1993, Annals of dyslexia.

Students Classified as LD and the College Foreign Language Requirement

R. Sparks, J. Javorsky, 1999, Journal of learning disabilities.

Identification and Characteristics of Strong, Average, and Weak Foreign Language Readers: The Simple View of Reading Model

RICHARD L. SPARKS, R. Sparks, 2021 .

Why reading is a challenge for U.S. L2 learners: The impact of cognitive, ecological, and psychological factors in L2 comprehension

R. Sparks, 2019, Foreign Language Annals.

Is There a “Disability” for Learning a Foreign Language?

R. Sparks, 2006, Journal of learning disabilities.

The prediction from MLAT to L2 achievement is largely due to MLAT assessment of underlying L1 abilities

P. Dale, R. Sparks, 2023, Studies in Second Language Acquisition.

How does first language achievement impact second language reading anxiety? Exploration of mediator variables

R. Sparks, Abdullah Alamer, 2023, Reading and Writing.

Long-term relationships among early first language skills, second language aptitude, second language affect, and later second language proficiency

Jon Patton, Leonore Ganschow, Jon M. Patton, 2009, Applied Psycholinguistics.

Learning difficulties and foreign language learning: A review of research and instruction

R. Sparks, L. Ganschow, 2001, Language Teaching.

Differences in native-language skills, foreign-language aptitude, and foreign-language grades among high-, average-, and low-proficiency foreign-language learners: two studies

Jon M. Patton, R. Sparks, L. Ganschow, 1998 .

Foreign Language Proficiency of At-Risk and Not-At-Risk Learners Over 2 Years of Foreign Language Instruction

R. Sparks, L. Ganschow, Jack Patton, 1997, Journal of learning disabilities.

Individual and Longitudinal Differences among High and Low-Achieving, LD, and ADHD L2 Learners.

R. Sparks, J. Javorsky, Nancy Humbach, 2008 .

Examining the linguistic coding differences hypothesis to explain individual differences in foreign language learning

R L Sparks, R. Sparks, 1995, Annals of dyslexia.

A Strong Inference Approach to Causal Factors in Foreign Language Learning: A Response to MacIntyre

R. Sparks, L. Ganschow, 1995 .

Native language predictors of foreign language proficiency and foreign language aptitude

Jon M. Patton, R. Sparks, L. Ganschow, 2006, Annals of dyslexia.

Déjà Vu All Over Again: A Response to Saito, Horwitz, and Garza

R. Sparks, L. Ganschow, J. Javorsky, 2000 .

L2 anxiety and the foreign language reading anxiety scale: Listening to the evidence

Jon M. Patton, R. Sparks, Julie Luebbers, 2018, Foreign Language Annals.

Predicting Foreign Language Reading Achievement in Elementary School Students

J. Shimron, R. Sparks, Janina Kahn-Horwitz, 2005 .

Prediction of foreign language proficiency

Jon M. Patton, R. Sparks, L. Ganschow, 1997 .

Phonemic awareness in hyperlexic children

R. Sparks, 1995 .

Profiles of more and less successful L2 learners: A cluster analysis study

Jon Patton, Leonore Ganschow, Jon M. Patton, 2012 .

High School Spanish Students and Foreign Language Reading Anxiety: Déjà vu All Over Again All Over Again

Jon M. Patton, R. Sparks, Martha Castaneda, 2018, The Modern Language Journal.

Relationship of L1 Skills and L2 Aptitude to L2 Anxiety on the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale

Jon M. Patton, R. Sparks, 2013 .

Subcomponents of Second-Language Aptitude and Second-Language Proficiency.

Jon M. Patton, R. Sparks, L. Ganschow, 2011 .

Orthographic awareness, phonemic awareness, syntactic processing, and working memory skill in hyperlexic children

R. Sparks, 2004 .

Reflections on foreign language study for students with language learning problems: research, issues and challenges.

R. Sparks, L. Ganschow, L. Ganschow, 2000, Dyslexia.

Role of Intelligence Tests in Speech/Language Referrals

R. Sparks, L. Ganschow, A. Thomas, 1996, Perceptual and motor skills.

Foreign language learning, hyperlexia, and early word recognition

R. Sparks, Marjorie Artzer, 2000, Annals of Dyslexia.

Individual Differences in L2 Learning and Long-Term L1-L2 Relationships.

R. Sparks, 2012 .

Language Aptitude

P. Skehan, R. Sparks, A. Biedroń, 2019, Language Aptitude.

Learning Disability Documentation in Higher Education

Benjamin J. Lovett, R. Sparks, 2014 .

Linguistic coding deficits in foreign language learners

R. Sparks, L. Ganschow, Jane Pohlman, 1989, Annals of dyslexia.

Foreign-Language Teaching for Students With Language-Learning Problems

Richard L. Sparks, R. Sparks, 2012 .

Comparison of Students Classified as LD Who Petitioned for or Fulfilled the College Foreign Language Requirement

R. Sparks, L. Ganschow, J. Javorsky, 1999, Journal of learning disabilities.