Heesung Kwon

发表

Very-low-bit-rate video coding using quadtree decomposition and cache-based vector quantization

Heesung Kwon, Mahesh Venkatraman, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, 1998, Proceedings 1998 International Conference on Image Processing. ICIP98 (Cat. No.98CB36269).

Kernel subspace matched target detectors

Heesung Kwon, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, 2006, Electronic Imaging.

DTM: Deformable template matching

Heesung Kwon, Hyungtae Lee, Ryan M. Robinson, 2016, 2016 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP).

Adaptive target detection in forward-looking infrared imagery using the eigenspace separation transform and principal component analysis

Heesung Kwon, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, S. Susan Young, 2004 .

Quality of information-aware real-time traffic flow analysis and reporting

Thomas F. La Porta, Heesung Kwon, James Edwards, 2015, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communication Workshops (PerCom Workshops).

Kernel matched subspace detectors for hyperspectral target detection

Heesung Kwon, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, N. Nasrabadi, 2006, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

Wiener filter-based change detection for SAR imagery

Heesung Kwon, Maria G. Tates, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, 2006, SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing.

Very low bit rate compression for one-to-N video broadcast

Heesung Kwon, Mahesh Venkatraman, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, 1997, Defense, Security, and Sensing.

Hyperspectral anomaly detection using sparse kernel-based ensemble learning

Heesung Kwon, Prudhvi Gurram, Timothy S. Han, 2011, Defense + Commercial Sensing.

SENSE: Semantically Enhanced Node Sequence Embedding

Ananthram Swami, Swati Rallapalli, Heesung Kwon, 2019, 2019 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data).

Multisensor target detection using adaptive feature-based fusion

Heesung Kwon, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, Sandor Z. Der, 2001, SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing.

Robust classification using support vector machine in low-dimensional manifold space for automatic target recognition

Heesung Kwon, Shuowen Hu, Raghuveer Rao, 2011, 2011 IEEE Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop (AIPR).

Contextual SVM Using Hilbert Space Embedding for Hyperspectral Classification

Heesung Kwon, Prudhvi Gurram, Prudhvi K. Gurram, 2013, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters.

A real-time object detection framework for aerial imagery using deep neural networks and synthetic training images

Heesung Kwon, Hyungtae Lee, Raghuveer Rao, 2018, Defense + Security.

Estimation of visible spectrum faces from polarimetric thermal faces

Heesung Kwon, Benjamin S. Riggan, Shuowen Hu, 2016, 2016 IEEE 8th International Conference on Biometrics Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS).

Support-Vector-Based Hyperspectral Anomaly Detection Using Optimized Kernel Parameters

Heesung Kwon, Prudhvi Gurram, Prudhvi K. Gurram, 2011, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters.

Optimal Sparse Kernel Learning in the Empirical Kernel Feature Space for Hyperspectral Classification

Heesung Kwon, Prudhvi Gurram, 2014, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing.

Kernel Matched Signal Detectors for Hyperspectral Target Detection

Heesung Kwon, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, N. Nasrabadi, 2005, 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Workshops.

Hyperspectral Target Detection Using Kernel Spectral Matched Filter

Heesung Kwon, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, N. Nasrabadi, 2004, 2004 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop.

Optimal sparse kernel learning for hyperspectral anomaly detection

Wotao Yin, Heesung Kwon, Prudhvi Gurram, 2013, 2013 5th Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing (WHISPERS).

Kernel-Based Nonlinear Subspace Target Detection for Hyperspectral Imagery

Heesung Kwon, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, N. Nasrabadi, 2007 .

ME R-CNN: Multi-Expert Region-based CNN for Object Detection pdf

Heesung Kwon, Hyungtae Lee, Sungmin Eum, 2017, ArXiv.

ME R-CNN: Multi-Expert R-CNN for Object Detection

Heesung Kwon, Hyungtae Lee, Sungmin Eum, 2017, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.

An adaptive segmentation algorithm using iterative local feature extraction for hyperspectral imagery

Heesung Kwon, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, 2001, Proceedings 2001 International Conference on Image Processing (Cat. No.01CH37205).

Going deeper with CNN in malicious crowd event classification

Heesung Kwon, Hyungtae Lee, Sungmin Eum, 2018, Defense + Security.

Hyperspectral Target Detection Based on Kernels

Heesung Kwon, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, N. Nasrabadi, 2006 .

Image Classification on the Edge for Fast Multi-Camera Object Tracking

Leandros Tassiulas, Heesung Kwon, Geeth de Mel, 2018, MILCOM 2018 - 2018 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM).

Sparse kernel learning-based feature selection for anomaly detection

Wotao Yin, Heesung Kwon, Prudhvi Gurram, 2015, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.

Joint Deep Exploitation of Semantic Keywords and Visual Features for Malicious Crowd Image Classification pdf

James Michaelis, Heesung Kwon, Hyungtae Lee, 2016, ArXiv.

Thermal-to-visible face recognition using multiple kernel learning

Heesung Kwon, Prudhvi Gurram, Shuowen Hu, 2014, Defense + Security Symposium.

Hyperspectral anomaly detection using kernel RX-algorithm

Heesung Kwon, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, N. Nasrabadi, 2004, 2004 International Conference on Image Processing, 2004. ICIP '04..

An efficient fusion approach for combining human and machine decisions

Heesung Kwon, Amar R. Marathe, Hyungtae Lee, 2016, Defense + Security.

Task-conversions for integrating human and machine perception in a unified task

Heesung Kwon, Amar R. Marathe, Hyungtae Lee, 2016, 2016 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS).

Compression of SAR imagery using adaptive residual vector quantization

Heesung Kwon, Mahesh Venkatraman, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, 1997, Electronic Imaging.

Semantics to Space(S2S): Embedding semantics into spatial space for zero-shot verb-object query inferencing pdf

Heesung Kwon, Sungmin Eum, 2019, ArXiv.

High compression of SAR imagery for battlefield surveillance

Heesung Kwon, Syed A. Rizvi, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, 1996, Defense, Security, and Sensing.

Algorithms for Multispectral and Hyperspectral Image Analysis

Heesung Kwon, Prudhvi Gurram, James Theiler, 2013, J. Electr. Comput. Eng..

Deep Heterogeneous Face Recognition Networks Based on Cross-Modal Distillation and an Equitable Distance Metric

Heesung Kwon, Hyungtae Lee, Christopher Reale, 2017, 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW).

Kernel orthogonal subspace projection for hyperspectral signal classification

Heesung Kwon, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, 2005, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

DOD-CNN: Doubly-injecting Object Information for Event Recognition

Heesung Kwon, Hyungtae Lee, Sungmin Eum, 2019, ICASSP 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP).

Unsupervised Estimation of Domain Applicability of Models

Ian Taylor, Heesung Kwon, Mudhakar Srivatsa, 2018, MILCOM 2018 - 2018 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM).

Weakly Supervised Localization Using Deep Feature Maps pdf

B. S. Manjunath, Heesung Kwon, S. Karthikeyan, 2016, ECCV.

Object and Text-guided Semantics for CNN-based Activity Recognition

Clare R. Voss, Heesung Kwon, Claire Bonial, 2018, ICASSP 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP).

Change detection methods for identification of mines in synthetic aperture radar imagery

Heesung Kwon, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, Maria G. Tates, 2007 .

S-DOD-CNN: Doubly Injecting Spatially-Preserved Object Information for Event Recognition

Heesung Kwon, Hyungtae Lee, Sungmin Eum, 2020, ICASSP 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP).

Change-Detection Methods for Location of Mines in SAR Imagery

Heesung Kwon, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, Maria G. Tates, 2006 .

Hyperspectral anomaly detection using an optimized support vector data description method

Heesung Kwon, Prudhvi Gurram, 2011, 2011 3rd Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing (WHISPERS).

Delving Into Robust Object Detection From Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: A Deep Nuisance Disentanglement Approach

Heesung Kwon, Zhenyu Wu, Zhangyang Wang, 2019, 2019 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).

Kernel-based joint spectral and spatial exploitation using Hilbert space embedding for hyperspectral classification

Heesung Kwon, Prudhvi Gurram, Prudhvi K. Gurram, 2012, Defense + Commercial Sensing.

Kernel adaptive subspace detector for hyperspectral imagery

Heesung Kwon, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, N. Nasrabadi, 2006, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters.

Object-based SAR image compression using vector quantization

Heesung Kwon, Mahesh Venkatraman, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, 2000, IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst..

Hyperspectral target detection using kernel matched subspace detector

Heesung Kwon, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, 2004, 2004 International Conference on Image Processing, 2004. ICIP '04..

Dual-window-based anomaly detection for hyperspectral imagery

Heesung Kwon, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, Sandor Z. Der, 2003, SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing.

A RUGD Dataset for Autonomous Navigation and Visual Perception in Unstructured Outdoor Environments

Heesung Kwon, Maggie Wigness, John G. Rogers, 2019, 2019 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS).

Adaptive target detection in FLIR imagery using the eigenspace separation transform and principal component analysis

Heesung Kwon, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, S. S. Young, 2003, SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing.

Zero-Shot Learning in the Presence of Hierarchically Coarsened Labels

Heesung Kwon, Erik Learned-Miller, Colin Samplawski, 2020, 2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW).

Integrating Propositional and Relational Label Side Information for Hierarchical Zero-Shot Image Classification pdf

Heesung Kwon, Benjamin M. Marlin, Erik G. Learned-Miller, 2019, ArXiv.

Kernel RX-algorithm: a nonlinear anomaly detector for hyperspectral imagery

Heesung Kwon, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, N. Nasrabadi, 2005, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

Human-autonomy sensor fusion for rapid object detection

Heesung Kwon, Chau Ton, Amar R. Marathe, 2015, 2015 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS).

On the Design of Resource Allocation Algorithms for Low-Latency Video Analytics

Leandros Tassiulas, Heesung Kwon, Sebastian Stein, 2018, MILCOM 2018 - 2018 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM).

Shapely value based random subspace selection for hyperspectral image classification

Heesung Kwon, Prudhvi Gurram, Charles Davidson, 2015, 2015 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS).

Cooperative Learning for Multi-perspective Image Classification

Leandros Tassiulas, Heesung Kwon, Nicholas Nordlund, 2019, 2019 IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing (SMARTCOMP).

Going Deeper With Contextual CNN for Hyperspectral Image Classification

Heesung Kwon, Hyungtae Lee, Hyungtae Lee, 2016, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.

Sparse Kernel-Based Ensemble Learning With Fully Optimized Kernel Parameters for Hyperspectral Classification Problems

Heesung Kwon, Prudhvi Gurram, Prudhvi K. Gurram, 2013, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

Exploitation of Semantic Keywords for Malicious Event Classification

James Michaelis, Heesung Kwon, Hyungtae Lee, 2018, 2018 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP).

Locating mines in SAR imagery using change detection methods

Heesung Kwon, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, Maria Tates, 2006 .

A full diagonal bandwidth gaussian kernel SVM based ensemble learning for hyperspectral chemical plume detection

Heesung Kwon, Prudhvi Gurram, 2010, 2010 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.

Very Low Bit-Rate Video Coding Using Variable Block-Size Entropy-Constrained Residual Vector Quantizers

Heesung Kwon, Mahesh Venkatraman, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, 1997, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

Cross-Domain CNN for Hyperspectral Image Classification

Heesung Kwon, Hyungtae Lee, Sungmin Eum, 2018, IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.

Fast Object Localization Using a CNN Feature Map Based Multi-Scale Search pdf

Heesung Kwon, Hyungtae Lee, William D. Nothwang, 2016, ArXiv.

IOD-CNN: Integrating object detection networks for event recognition

David S. Doermann, Heesung Kwon, Hyungtae Lee, 2017, 2017 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP).

Adaptive multisensor target detection using feature-based fusion

Heesung Kwon, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, Sandor Z. Der, 2002 .

Improving unmanned aerial vehicle-based object detection via adversarial training: a (almost) free lunch to enjoy (Conference Presentation)

Heesung Kwon, Zhenyu Wu, Zhangyang Wang, 2019 .

Dynamic belief fusion for object detection

Heesung Kwon, Hyungtae Lee, Ryan M. Robinson, 2015, 2016 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV).

Unsupervised segmentation algorithm based on an iterative spectral dissimilarity measure for hyperspectral imagery

Heesung Kwon, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, Sandor Z. Der, 2000, IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging.

Multiband anomaly detection using signal subspace processing

Heesung Kwon, Kenneth I. Ranney, Mehrdad Soumekh, 2006, SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing.

Single-trial EEG RSVP classification using convolutional neural networks

Heesung Kwon, Amar R. Marathe, Hyungtae Lee, 2016, Defense + Security.

Use of hyperspectral imagery for material classification in outdoor scenes

Heesung Kwon, Hyeonjoon Moon, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, 1999, Optics + Photonics.

Hyperspectral target detection using kernel orthogonal subspace projection

Heesung Kwon, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, N. Nasrabadi, 2005, IEEE International Conference on Image Processing 2005.

Overview of machine learning (ML) based perception algorithms for unstructured and degraded visual environments

Heesung Kwon, Zhenyu Wu, Raghuveer M. Rao, 2019, Defense + Commercial Sensing.

Kernel canonical correlation analysis for hyperspectral anomaly detection

Heesung Kwon, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, 2006, SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing.

Contextual SVM for hyperspectral classification using Hilbert Space Embedding

Heesung Kwon, Prudhvi Gurram, 2012, 2012 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.

Ensemble learning based on multiple kernel learning for hyperspectral chemical plume detection

Heesung Kwon, Prudhvi Gurram, Prudhvi K. Gurram, 2010, Defense + Commercial Sensing.

Kernel adaptive subspace detector for hyperspectral target detection

Heesung Kwon, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, N. Nasrabadi, 2005, Proceedings. (ICASSP '05). IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2005..

Seeing the Forest from the Trees: A Holistic Approach to Near-Infrared Heterogeneous Face Recognition

Rama Chellappa, Heesung Kwon, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, 2016, 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW).

Kernel spectral matched filter for hyperspectral target detection

Heesung Kwon, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, 2005, Proceedings. (ICASSP '05). IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2005..

An adaptive hierarchical segmentation algorithm based on quadtree decomposition for hyperspectral imagery

Heesung Kwon, N.M. Nasrabadi, S.Z. Der, 2000, Proceedings 2000 International Conference on Image Processing (Cat. No.00CH37101).

Coalition game theory based feature subset selection for hyperspectral image classification

Heesung Kwon, Prudhvi Gurram, 2014, 2014 IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.

Target Classification Using Adaptive Feature Extraction and Subspace Projection for Hyperspectral Imagery

Heesung Kwon, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, Sandor Z. Der, 2005 .

Classification of Shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (STEC) serotypes with hyperspectral microscope imagery

Kurt C. Lawrence, Seung-Chul Yoon, William R. Windham, 2012, Defense + Commercial Sensing.

Proceedings for the Army Science Conference (24th) Held on 29 November-2 December 2004 in Orlando, Florida (CD-ROM)

Joseph N. Wilson, Paul D. Gader, Heesung Kwon, 2004 .

Optimal kernel bandwidth estimation for hyperspectral kernel-based anomaly detection

Heesung Kwon, Prudhvi Gurram, 2010, 2010 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.

Kernel Spectral Matched Filter for Hyperspectral Imagery

Heesung Kwon, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, N. Nasrabadi, 2007, International Journal of Computer Vision.

Kernel Eigenspace Separation Transform for Subspace Anomaly Detection in Hyperspectral Imagery

Heesung Kwon, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, Hirsh R. Goldberg, 2007, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters.

Adaptive anomaly detection using subspace separation for hyperspectral imagery

Heesung Kwon, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, Sandor Z. Der, 2003 .

Discovering and Generating Hard Examples for Training a Red Tide Detector pdf

Heesung Kwon, Wonkook Kim, Hyungtae Lee, 2018, ArXiv.

NONLINEAR CHEMICAL PLUME DETECTION USING KERNEL-BASED MATCHED SUBSPACE DETECTORS

Heesung Kwon, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, Patti Gillespie, 2007 .

Deep Network Shrinkage Applied to Cross-Spectrum Face Recognition

Rama Chellappa, Heesung Kwon, Hyungtae Lee, 2017, 2017 12th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face & Gesture Recognition (FG 2017).

Executing Analytics and Fusion Workloads on Transient Computing Resources in Tactical Environments

Prashant J. Shenoy, Donald F. Towsley, Mani B. Srivastava, 2018, MILCOM 2018 - 2018 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM).

Can You Spot the Semantic Predicate in this Video?

Clare R. Voss, Heesung Kwon, Claire Bonial, 2018, EventStory@Coling.

Segmentation based wavelet coding of digital images

Heesung Kwon, N.M. Nasrabadi, S.A. Rizvi, 1996, 1996 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing Conference Proceedings.

Online Distributed Analytics at the Edge with Multiple Service Grades

Leandros Tassiulas, Heesung Kwon, Geeth de Mel, 2019, 2019 IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing (SMARTCOMP).

Automated vehicle detection in forward-looking infrared imagery.

Heesung Kwon, Alex Chan, Sandor Der, 2004, Applied optics.

Contextual deep CNN based hyperspectral classification

Heesung Kwon, Hyungtae Lee, Hyungtae Lee, 2016, 2016 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS).

Generalized optimal Kernel-Based Ensemble Learning for hyperspectral classification problems

Heesung Kwon, Prudhvi Gurram, 2011, 2011 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.

Heterogeneous Systems for Information-Variable Environments (HIVE)

Heesung Kwon, Amar R. Marathe, Kim Drnec, 2017 .

A Comparative Analysis of Kernel Subspace Target Detectors for Hyperspectral Imagery

Heesung Kwon, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, N. Nasrabadi, 2007, EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process..

Enhanced object detection via fusion with prior beliefs from image classification

Heesung Kwon, Hyungtae Lee, Yilun Cao, 2017, 2017 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP).

Is Pretraining Necessary for hyperspectral image classification?

Heesung Kwon, Hyungtae Lee, Sungmin Eum, 2019, IGARSS 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.

Multiscale video compression using adaptive finite-state vector quantization

Heesung Kwon, Mahesh Venkatraman, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, 1998, J. Electronic Imaging.

Use of ensemble learning technique for detection/identification of chemical plumes

Heesung Kwon, Patrick J. Rauss, 2010, Defense + Commercial Sensing.

DBF: Dynamic Belief Fusion for Combining Multiple Object Detectors

Heesung Kwon, Hyungtae Lee, Hyungtae Lee, 2019, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

Coalition Game Theory-Based Feature Subspace Selection for Hyperspectral Classification

Heesung Kwon, Prudhvi Gurram, Charles Davidson, 2016, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing.

How to practically deploy deep neural networks to distributed network environments for scene perception

Heesung Kwon, Hyungtae Lee, 2019, Defense + Commercial Sensing.

Sparse Kernel-Based Hyperspectral Anomaly Detection

Heesung Kwon, Prudhvi Gurram, Timothy Han, 2012, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters.

Generating Hard Examples for Pixel-Wise Classification

Heesung Kwon, Hyungtae Lee, Wonkook Kim, 2021, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing.

Validation of object detection in UAV-based images using synthetic data

Shuvra S. Bhattacharyya, Heesung Kwon, Eung-Joo Lee, 2021, Defense + Commercial Sensing.

Feature-based ensemble learning for hyperspectral chemical plume detection

Heesung Kwon, Patrick J. Rauss, H. Kwon, 2011 .

Kernel-Based Anomaly Detection in Hyperspectral Imagery

Heesung Kwon, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, N. Nasrabadi, 2006 .

A Comparative Study of Kernel Spectral Matched Signal Detectors for Hyperspectral Target Detection

Heesung Kwon, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, N. Nasrabadi, 2005 .

Very low bit rate video codec using variable blocksize entropy-constrained residual vector quantization

Heesung Kwon, Mahesh Venkatraman, Nasser M. Nasrabadi, 1997, Proceedings of 1997 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems. Circuits and Systems in the Information Age ISCAS '97.