W. Buckel

发表

Methanogenic archaea: ecologically relevant differences in energy conservation

Anne-Kristin Kaster, R. Thauer, R. Hedderich, 2008, Nature Reviews Microbiology.

Crystal structure of 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase: radical catalysis involving a [4Fe-4S] cluster and flavin.

H. Dobbek, A. Messerschmidt, W. Buckel, 2004, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

Stereochemistry of hydrogen removal from the 'unactivated' C-3 position of 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA catalysed by 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase.

B. Golding, W. Buckel, Richard Scott, 2004, Chemical communications.

Synthesis of (13)C-labeled gamma-hydroxybutyrates for EPR studies with 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase.

B. Golding, W. Buckel, I. Çinkaya, 2005, Bioorganic chemistry.

Synthesis of 13C-labeled γ-hydroxybutyrates for EPR studies with 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase

B. Golding, W. Buckel, I. Çinkaya, 2005 .

A 3-Hydroxypropionate/4-Hydroxybutyrate Autotrophic Carbon Dioxide Assimilation Pathway in Archaea

G. Fuchs, W. Buckel, I. Berg, 2007, Science.

Flavin-Based Electron Bifurcation, A New Mechanism of Biological Energy Coupling.

R. Thauer, W. Buckel, 2018, Chemical reviews.

ATP-driven electron transfer in enzymatic radical reactions.

W. Buckel, Marc Hetzel, Jihoe Kim, 2004, Current opinion in chemical biology.

Coupled Ferredoxin and Crotonyl Coenzyme A (CoA) Reduction with NADH Catalyzed by the Butyryl-CoA Dehydrogenase/Etf Complex from Clostridium kluyveri

Fuli Li, R. Thauer, H. Seedorf, 2007, Journal of bacteriology.

Energy Conservation via Electron-Transferring Flavoprotein in Anaerobic Bacteria

E. Jayamani, W. Buckel, Gloria Herrmann, 2007, Journal of bacteriology.

Energy conservation via electron bifurcating ferredoxin reduction and proton/Na(+) translocating ferredoxin oxidation.

R. Thauer, W. Buckel, 2013, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

Substrate specificity of 2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA dehydratase from Clostridium symbiosum: toward a bio-based production of adipic acid.

W. Buckel, A. Pierik, O. Zelder, 2011, Biochemistry.

Molecular characterization of phenyllactate dehydratase and its initiator from Clostridium sporogenes

W. Buckel, A. Pierik, S. Dickert, 2002, Molecular microbiology.

The genome of Clostridium kluyveri, a strict anaerobe with unique metabolic features

Fuli Li, W. F. Fricke, G. Gottschalk, 2008, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Reduction of ferredoxin or oxygen by flavin‐based electron bifurcation in Megasphaera elsdenii

W. Buckel, J. Kahnt, Nilanjan Chowdhury, 2015, The FEBS Journal.

Metabolism of Hydrocarbons in n-Alkane-Utilizing Anaerobic Bacteria

R. Rabus, B. Golding, W. Buckel, 2016, Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology.

Reduction of Flavodoxin by Electron Bifurcation and Sodium Ion-dependent Reoxidation by NAD+ Catalyzed by Ferredoxin-NAD+ Reductase (Rnf)*

A. Seubert, W. Buckel, Nilanjan Chowdhury, 2016, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

Anaerobic Microbial Degradation of Hydrocarbons: From Enzymatic Reactions to the Environment

T. Treude, J. Heider, R. Rabus, 2016, Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology.

Flavin-Based Electron Bifurcation, Ferredoxin, Flavodoxin, and Anaerobic Respiration With Protons (Ech) or NAD+ (Rnf) as Electron Acceptors: A Historical Review

R. Thauer, W. Buckel, 2018, Front. Microbiol..

Crystal Structure of 4-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA Dehydratase from Clostridium aminobutyricum: Radical catalysis involving a [4Fe-4S] cluster and flavin

H. Dobbek, A. Messerschmidt, W. Buckel, 2004 .

Stereochemistry of si-citrate synthase and ATP-citrate-lyase reactions.

H. Lenz, W. Buckel, G. Biedermann, 1971, European journal of biochemistry.

Structural basis for a Kolbe-type decarboxylation catalyzed by a glycyl radical enzyme.

M. Blaser, M. Feliks, G. Ullmann, 2011, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

Dual role of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM+) in the methylation of sp2-hybridized electrophilic carbons.

R. Thauer, W. Buckel, 2011, Angewandte Chemie.

Structure and Function of Benzylsuccinate Synthase and Related Fumarate-Adding Glycyl Radical Enzymes

J. Heider, B. Golding, M. Szaleniec, 2016, Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology.

Stereochemical investigations reveal the mechanism of the bacterial activation of n-alkanes without oxygen.

F. Widdel, R. Rabus, B. Golding, 2012, Angewandte Chemie.

Radical enzymes in anaerobes.

B. Golding, W. Buckel, 2006, Annual review of microbiology.

[The action mechanism of citrate lyase from Klebsiella aerogenes].

W. Buckel, V. Buschmeier, H. Eggerer, 1971, Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift fur physiologische Chemie.

The enzyme complex citramalate lyase from Clostridium tetanomorphum.

W. Buckel, A. Bobi, 1976, European journal of biochemistry.

On the dehydration of (R)‐lactate in the fermentation of alanine to propionate by Clostridium propionicum

W. Buckel, G. Schweiger, 1984, FEBS letters.

Native Corrinoids from Clostridium cochlearium Are Adeninylcobamides: Spectroscopic Analysis and Identification of Pseudovitamin B12 and Factor A

B. Kräutler, R. Konrat, B. Hoffmann, 2000, Journal of bacteriology.

Physiological limits to life in anoxic subseafloor sediment

W. Martin, W. Orsi, B. Schink, 2020, FEMS microbiology reviews.

Glutamate and 2-methyleneglutarate mutase: from microbial curiosities to paradigms for coenzyme B12-dependent enzymes

B. Golding, W. Buckel, 1997 .

Stabilisation of methylene radicals by cob(II)alamin in coenzyme B12 dependent mutases.

B. Golding, C. Kratky, W. Buckel, 2005, Chemistry.

Stabilization of Methylene Radicals by Cob(II)alamin in Coenzyme B12 Dependent Mutases.

B. Golding, C. Kratky, W. Buckel, 2006 .

Asymmetric Methyl Groups: Asymmetric Methyl Groups, and the Mechanism of Malate Synthase

W. Buckel, H. Eggerer, J. Cornforth, 1969, Nature.

Crystal structure of 2-methylisocitrate lyase (PrpB) from Escherichia coli and modelling of its ligand bound active centre.

G. Klebe, A. Evers, K. Reuter, 2003, Journal of molecular biology.

On the mechanism of action of the antifungal agent propionate.

W. Buckel, M. Brock, 2004, European journal of biochemistry.

The iron-sulfur clusters in 2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA dehydratase from Acidaminococcus fermentans. Biochemical and spectroscopic investigations.

W. Buckel, E. Bill, M. Hans, 2000, European journal of biochemistry.

Activation of (R)-2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA dehydratase from Acidaminococcus fermentans.

W. Buckel, U. Müller, 1995, European journal of biochemistry.

Characterization of the coenzyme-B12-dependent glutamate mutase from Clostridium cochlearium produced in Escherichia coli.

B. Beatrix, W. Buckel, O. Zelder, 1994, European journal of biochemistry.

Two Pathways of Glutamate Fermentation by Anaerobic Bacteria

H. A. Barker, W. Buckel, 1974, Journal of bacteriology.

Equilibrium constants of several reactions involved in the fermentation of glutamate.

W. Buckel, S. Miller, 1987, European journal of biochemistry.

Purification, characterisation and reconstitution of glutaconyl-CoA decarboxylase, a biotin-dependent sodium pump from anaerobic bacteria.

W. Buckel, R. Semmler, 1983, European journal of biochemistry.

Purification of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas sp., an enzyme involved in the anaerobic degradation of benzoate

D. Linder, G. Fuchs, W. Buckel, 2004, Archives of Microbiology.

Inorganic Chemistry in Marine Sediments.

W. Buckel, 2001, Angewandte Chemie.

Development of a satisfactory and general continuous assay for aminotransferases by coupling with (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase.

P. Engel, W. Buckel, Xuejing Yu, 2012, Analytical biochemistry.

Enzymatic assay for quantitative analysis of (d)-2-hydroxyglutarate

A. Krämer, A. Deimling, J. Okun, 2012, Acta Neuropathologica.

An Asymmetric Model for Na+-translocating Glutaconyl-CoA Decarboxylases*

D. Linder, L. Essen, W. Buckel, 2009, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

Bacterial L-serine dehydratases: a new family of enzymes containing iron-sulfur clusters.

A. Hofmeister, W. Buckel, R. Grabowski, 1993, Trends in biochemical sciences.

Structural and Functional Characterization of an Electron Transfer Flavoprotein Involved in Toluene Degradation in Strictly Anaerobic Bacteria

J. Heider, P. Peschke, L. Essen, 2019, Journal of bacteriology.

Energy Conservation in Fermentations of Anaerobic Bacteria

W. Buckel, 2021, Frontiers in Microbiology.

Identification and Characterization of Re-Citrate Synthase in Syntrophus aciditrophicus

W. Buckel, M. McInerney, H. Le, 2013, Journal of bacteriology.

3-Methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase from Acinetobacter sp

D. Linder, M. Mack, J. Zschocke, 2006, Archives of Microbiology.

Cloning, sequencing and expression of the gene encoding the coenzyme B12-dependent 2-methyleneglutarate mutase from Clostridium barkeri in Escherichia coli.

B. Beatrix, D. Linder, W. Buckel, 1994, European journal of biochemistry.

Mutations in the AUH gene cause 3‐methylglutaconic aciduria type I

K. Gibson, M. Mack, J. Zschocke, 2003, Human mutation.

Conversion of glutaconate CoA‐transferase from Acidaminococcus fermentans into an acyl‐CoA hydrolase by site‐directed mutagenesis

M. Mack, W. Buckel, 1997, FEBS letters.

Crystalline green 5-hydroxyvaleryl-CoA dehydratase from Clostridium aminovalericum.

U. Eikmanns, W. Buckel, Wolfgang Buckel, 1991, European journal of biochemistry.

4-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA Dehydratase

A. Messerschmidt, W. Buckel, B. Martins, 2007 .

Flavins in the electron bifurcation process.

U. Ermler, W. Buckel, K. Kayastha, 2021, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

Analysis of the fermentation pathways of clostridia using double labelled glutamade

W. Buckel, 1980, Archives of Microbiology.

Spectroscopic evidence for an all-ferrous [4Fe–4S]0 cluster in the superreduced activator of 2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA dehydratase from Acidaminococcus fermentans

W. Buckel, E. Bill, M. Hans, 2008, JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry.

Response to Comment on "A 3-Hydroxypropionate/4-Hydroxybutyrate Autotrophic Carbon Dioxide Assimilation Pathway in Archaea"

G. Fuchs, W. Buckel, I. Berg, 2008, Science.

Dehydration of (R)-2-hydroxyacyl-CoA to enoyl-CoA in the fermentation of alpha-amino acids by anaerobic bacteria.

W. Buckel, Marc Hetzel, Jihoe Kim, 2004, FEMS microbiology reviews.

A complex of 2-hydroxyisocaproyl-coenzyme A dehydratase and its activator from Clostridium difficile stabilized by aluminium tetrafluoride-adenosine diphosphate.

W. Buckel, A. Pierik, Jihoe Kim, 2010, Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry.

ATP-and redox-induced conformational changes in the activator of the radical enzyme 2-hydroxyisocaproyl-CoA dehydratase

W. Buckel, Jihoe Kim, Ying Lu, 2007 .

Radical-mediated dehydration reactions in anaerobic bacteria

B. Golding, A. Messerschmidt, W. Buckel, 2005, Biological chemistry.

A two [4Fe-4S]-cluster-containing ferredoxin as an alternative electron donor for 2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA dehydratase from Acidaminococcus fermentans

D. Linder, W. Buckel, T. Selmer, 2003, Archives of Microbiology.

Cloning, sequencing and expression in Escherichia coli of the gene encoding component S of the coenzyme B12-dependent glutamate mutase from Clostridium cochlearium.

B. Beatrix, W. Buckel, O. Zelder, 1994, FEMS microbiology letters.

Cloning, sequencing and expression of the gene encoding the carboxytransferase subunit of the biotin-dependent Na+ pump glutaconyl-CoA decarboxylase from Acidaminococcus fermentans in Escherichia coli.

K. Bendrat, W. Buckel, Wolfgang Buckel, 1993, European journal of biochemistry.

Structural basis for reductive radical formation and electron recycling in (R)-2-hydroxyisocaproyl-CoA dehydratase.

H. Dobbek, W. Buckel, S. Knauer, 2011, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

An allylic ketyl radical intermediate in clostridial amino-acid fermentation

W. Buckel, A. Pierik, Jihoe Kim, 2008, Nature.

Ultrastructure of the cell envelope and amino acid composition of the murein of Clostridium symbiosum

H. König, W. Buckel, T. Langworthy, 1985 .

The single NqrB and NqrC subunits in the Na(+)-translocating NADH: quinone oxidoreductase (Na(+)-NQR) from Vibrio cholerae each carry one covalently attached FMN.

A. Schlosser, W. Buckel, J. Steuber, 2012, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta.

Molecular and Low-Resolution Structural Characterization of the Na+-Translocating Glutaconyl-CoA Decarboxylase From Clostridium symbiosum

U. Ermler, N. Morgner, W. Buckel, 2020, Frontiers in Microbiology.

Crystallization and preliminary X‐ray diffraction study of the green flavoenzyme 5‐Hydroxyvaleryl‐CoA dehydratase/dehydrogenase from Clostridium aminovalericum

E. Pai, U. Eikmanns, W. Buckel, 1994, Proteins.

Purification of 2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA dehydratase from Acidaminococcus fermentans. An iron-sulfur protein.

W. Buckel, G. Schweiger, R. Dutscho, 1987, European journal of biochemistry.

Studies on the dehydration of (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate in Acidaminococcus fermentans. A radical mechanism?

W. Buckel, G. Schweiger, 1984, Archives of Microbiology.

[On the optical determination of citrate synthase and acetyl-coenzyme A].

W. Buckel, H. Eggerer, 1965, Biochemische Zeitschrift.

Crystal structure of the complex between 4-hydroxybutyrate CoA-transferase from Clostridium aminobutyricum and CoA

A. Messerschmidt, W. Buckel, Jin Zhang, 2012, Archives of Microbiology.

Assay and purification of the adenosylcobalamin-dependent 2-methyleneglutarate mutase from Clostridium barkeri.

W. Buckel, C. Michel, G. Hartrampf, 1989, European journal of biochemistry.

Unusual dehydrations in anaerobic bacteria

W. Buckel, 1992 .

Purification and structural characterization of the Na+-translocating ferredoxin: NAD+ reductase (Rnf) complex of Clostridium tetanomorphum

U. Ermler, W. Buckel, S. Prinz, 2022, Nature Communications.

Engineering Escherichia coli with acrylate pathway genes for propionic acid synthesis and its impact on mixed-acid fermentation

E. Jayamani, W. Buckel, G. Jayaraman, 2013, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

2-Hydroxyglutaryl-CoA dehydratase from Fusobacterium nucleatum (subsp. nucleatum): an iron-sulfur flavoprotein

D. Linder, W. Buckel, A. Klees, 2004, Archives of Microbiology.

Faculty Opinions recommendation of Methylcitrate synthase from Aspergillus fumigatus. Propionyl-CoA affects polyketide synthesis, growth and morphology of conidia.

W. Buckel, 2005 .

Purification and properties of 4-hydroxybutyrate coenzyme A transferase from Clostridium aminobutyricum

U. Scherf, W. Buckel, 1991, Applied and environmental microbiology.

Substrate-Induced Radical Formation in 4-Hydroxybutyryl Coenzyme A Dehydratase from Clostridium aminobutyricum

W. Buckel, B. Martins, P. Friedrich, 2014, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

Substrate induced radical formation in 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase 1 from Clostridium aminobutyricum 2 3

W. Buckel, B. Martins, P. Friedrich, 2014 .

Enzyme catalyzed radical dehydrations of hydroxy acids.

H. Dobbek, W. Buckel, B. Martins, 2012, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

Crystal structure of 4-hydroxybutyrate CoA-transferase from Clostridium aminobutyricum

A. Messerschmidt, W. Buckel, Jin Zhang, 2009, Biological chemistry.

The complete stereochemistry of the enzymatic dehydration of 4-hydroxybutyryl coenzyme A to crotonyl coenzyme A.

B. Golding, W. Buckel, P. Friedrich, 2008, Angewandte Chemie.

Succinate-ethanol fermentation in Clostridium kluyveri: purification and characterisation of 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase/vinylacetyl-CoA Δ3-Δ2-isomerase

U. Scherf, G. Gottschalk, D. Linder, 1994, Archives of Microbiology.

Unusual enzymes involved in five pathways of glutamate fermentation

W. Buckel, 2001, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

Fermentation of 4-aminobutyrate by Clostridium aminobutyricum: cloning of two genes involved in the formation and dehydration of 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA

G. Huisman, D. Linder, W. Buckel, 2000, Archives of Microbiology.

Mössbauer study of 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase--probing the role of an iron-sulfur cluster in an overall non-redox reaction.

W. Buckel, U. Müh, E. Bill, 1997, European Journal of Biochemistry.

Electron-Nuclear Double Resonance Spectroscopy. Investigation of 4-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA Dehydratase from Clostridium aminobutyricum: Comparison with Other Flavin Radical Enzymes

M. Medina, R. Cammack, W. Buckel, 1997, Biological chemistry.

Glutaconate CoA-transferase from Acidaminococcus fermentans: the crystal structure reveals homology with other CoA-transferases.

R. Huber, U. Jacob, T. Clausen, 1997, Structure.

Unusual DAhydrations in anaerobic bacteria: considering ketyls (radical anions) as reactive intermediates in enzymatic reactions

W. Buckel, 1996, FEBS letters.

Location of the two genes encoding glutaconate coenzyme A-transferase at the beginning of the hydroxyglutarate operon in Acidaminococcus fermentans.

K. Bendrat, D. Linder, M. Mack, 1994, European journal of biochemistry.

Purification and properties of an iron‐sulfur and FAD‐containing 4‐hydroxybutyryl‐CoA dehydratase/vinylacetyl‐CoA3‐2‐isomerase from Clostridium aminobutyricum

U. Scherf, W. Buckel, 1993 .

Properties of 5-hydroxyvalerate CoA-transferase from Clostridium aminovalericum.

U. Eikmanns, W. Buckel, 1990, Biological Chemistry Hoppe-Seyler.

Assay of 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase from Clostridium aminobutyricum.

W. Buckel, P. Willadsen, 1990, FEMS Microbiology Letters.

Glutaconate CoA-transferase from Acidaminococcus fermentans.

W. Buckel, R. Semmler, U. Dorn, 2005, European journal of biochemistry.

On the steric course of the adenosylcobalamin-dependent 2-methyleneglutarate mutase reaction in Clostridium barkeri.

W. Buckel, G. Hartrampf, 1986, European journal of biochemistry.

Synthesis and configurational assay of asymmetric methyl groups.

W. Buckel, H. Eggerer, J. Cornforth, 1970, European journal of biochemistry.

Experimental study of hydrogen bonding potentially stabilizing the 5'-deoxyadenosyl radical from coenzyme B12.

B. Golding, W. Buckel, P. Friedrich, 2012, Chemistry.

Radical and electron recycling in catalysis.

W. Buckel, Wolfgang Buckel, 2009, Angewandte Chemie.

4-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase from Clostridium aminobutyricum: characterization of FAD and iron-sulfur clusters involved in an overall non-redox reaction.

W. Buckel, I. Çinkaya, U. Müh, 1996, Biochemistry.

EXAFS Data Indicate a “Normal” Axial Cobalt−Nitrogen Bond of the Organo-B12 Cofactor in the Two Coenzyme B12-Dependent Enzymes Glutamate Mutase and 2-Methyleneglutarate Mutase

C. Kratky, W. Buckel, G. Jogl, 1999 .

Structural basis for stereo‐specific catalysis in NAD+‐dependent (R)‐2‐hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase from Acidaminococcus fermentans

S. Macedo-Ribeiro, A. Messerschmidt, W. Buckel, 2004, The FEBS journal.

(R)‐Lactyl‐CoA dehydratase from Clostridium propionicum

A. Hofmeister, W. Buckel, 1992 .

Cloning and sequencing of the genes of 2-hydoxyglutaryl-CoA dehydratase from Acidaminococcus fermentans.

P. Buckel, W. Buckel, G. Wohlfarth, 1989, European journal of biochemistry.

Elucidation of the coenzyme binding mode of further B12-dependent enzymes using a base-off analogue of coenzyme B12

L. Poppe, W. Buckel, E. Stupperich, 2000 .

Stereochemistry of Enzymic Citrate Synthesis and Cleavage

H. Lenz, G. Gottschalk, W. Buckel, 1970, Nature.

The stereochemistry of the formation of the methyl group in the glutamate mutase‐catalysed reaction in Clostridium tetanomorphum

W. Buckel, G. Hartrampf, Günther Hartrampf, 1984, FEBS letters.

The reversible dehydration of (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate to (E)-glutaconate.

W. Buckel, 1980, European journal of biochemistry.

The sodium pump glutaconyl-CoA decarboxylase from Acidaminococcus fermentans. Specific cleavage by n-alkanols.

W. Buckel, H. Liedtke, 1986, European journal of biochemistry.

Chain Elongation with Reactor Microbiomes: Open-Culture Biotechnology To Produce Biochemicals.

L. T. Angenent, H. Hamelers, C. Buisman, 2016, Environmental science & technology.

Sensitivity and specificity of free and total glutaric acid and 3-hydroxyglutaric acid measurements by stable-isotope dilution assays for the diagnosis of glutaric aciduria type I

G. Hoffmann, W. Buckel, P. Feyh, 1999, Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease.

Fermentation of trans-aconitate via citrate, oxaloacetate, and pyruvate by Acidaminococcus fermentans

W. Buckel, U. Härtel, 1996, Archives of Microbiology.

A biotin‐dependent sodium pump: glutaconyl‐CoA decarboxylase from Acidaminococcus fermentans

W. Buckel, Roswitha Semmler, 1982, FEBS letters.

On the Origin of Heterotrophy.

W. Martin, W. Buckel, P. Schönheit, 2016, Trends in microbiology.

Amino Acid Fermentation: Coenzyme B12-Dependent and -Independent Pathways

W. Buckel, 1990 .

Intramolecular nucleophilic catalysis on the hydrolysis of citryl-CoA.

W. Buckel, H. Eggerer, 1969, Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift fur physiologische Chemie.

Acetyl-CoA-dependent cleavage of citrate on inactivated citrate lyase.

K. Ziegert, W. Buckel, H. Eggerer, 1973, European journal of biochemistry.

Two Pathways for Glutamate Biosynthesis in the Syntrophic Bacterium Syntrophus aciditrophicus

Yinjie J. Tang, H. Mouttaki, Xueyang Feng, 2015, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

Stereochemistry of the citrate-lyase reaction.

H. Lenz, G. Gottschalk, W. Buckel, 1971, European journal of biochemistry.

Stereochemistry of the re-citrate-synthase reaction.

H. Lenz, G. Gottschalk, W. Buckel, 1971, European journal of biochemistry.

Acetic anhydride: an intermediate analogue in the acyl-exchange reaction of citramalate lyase.

W. Buckel, 1976, European journal of biochemistry.

Re‐face stereospecificity at C4 of NAD(P) for alcohol dehydrogenase from Methanogenium organophilum and for (R)‐2‐hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase from Acidaminococcus fermentans as determined by 1H‐NMR spectroscopy

P. Frey, R. Thauer, W. Buckel, 1996, FEBS Letters.

Elucidating the Stereochemistry of Enzymatic Benzylsuccinate Synthesis with Chirally Labeled Toluene.

J. Heider, B. Golding, M. Szaleniec, 2016, Angewandte Chemie.

Biochemical characterization of human 3‐methylglutaconyl‐CoA hydratase and its role in leucine metabolism

M. Mack, J. Zschocke, V. Peters, 2006, The FEBS journal.

Acryloyl-CoA reductase from Clostridium propionicum. An enzyme complex of propionyl-CoA dehydrogenase and electron-transferring flavoprotein.

B. Golding, W. Buckel, T. Selmer, 2003, European journal of biochemistry.

Identification of glutamate β54 as the covalent‐catalytic residue in the active site of glutaconate CoA‐transferase from Acidaminococcus fermentans

M. Mack, W. Buckel, 1995, FEBS letters.

[42] Biotin-dependent decarboxylases as bacterial sodium pumps: Purification and reconstitution of glutaconyl-CoA decarboxylase from Acidaminococcus fermentans

W. Buckel, 1986 .

Isolation and function of the subunits of citramalate lyase and formation of hybrids with the subunits of citrate lyase.

P. Dimroth, W. Buckel, H. Eggerer, 1977, European journal of biochemistry.

Oxygen Exchange between Acetate and the Catalytic Glutamate Residue in Glutaconate CoA-transferase from Acidaminococcus fermentans

W. Buckel, T. Selmer, Thorsten Selmer, 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

Clostridium viride sp. nov., a strictly anaerobic bacterium using 5-aminovalerate as growth substrate, previously assigned to Clostridium aminovalericum

U. Sleytr, W. Liesack, U. Eikmanns, 1994, Archives of Microbiology.

Sodium Ion Pumps and Hydrogen Production in Glutamate Fermenting Anaerobic Bacteria

R. Hedderich, E. Jayamani, W. Buckel, 2006, Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology.

Substrate stereochemistry of the biotin-dependent sodium pump glutaconyl-CoA decarboxylase from Acidaminococcus fermentans.

W. Buckel, 1986, European journal of biochemistry.

Structure and dynamics of the B12-binding subunit of glutamate mutase from Clostridium cochlearium.

B. Kräutler, R. Konrat, W. Buckel, 1999, European journal of biochemistry.

Ustilago maydis produces itaconic acid via the unusual intermediate trans‐aconitate

N. Wierckx, L. Blank, M. Bölker, 2015, Microbial biotechnology.

Characterization of (R)-2-Hydroxyisocaproate Dehydrogenase and a Family III Coenzyme A Transferase Involved in Reduction of l-Leucine to Isocaproate by Clostridium difficile

W. Buckel, T. Selmer, Jihoe Kim, 2006, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

The involvement of coenzyme A esters in the dehydration of (R)-phenyllactate to (E)-cinnamate by Clostridium sporogenes.

D. Linder, W. Buckel, A. Pierik, 2000, European journal of biochemistry.

Molecular dynamics simulations and structure-guided mutagenesis provide insight into the architecture of the catalytic core of the ectoine hydroxylase.

Holger Gohlke, Daniel Mulnaes, Erhard Bremer, 2014, Journal of molecular biology.

Radical species in the catalytic pathways of enzymes from anaerobes

B. Golding, W. Buckel, 1998 .

Synthesis and properties of (R)-2-hydroxyglutaryl-1-CoA. (R)-2-hydroxyglutaryl-5-CoA, an erroneous product of glutaconate CoA-transferase.

W. Buckel, A. Klees, 1991, Biological chemistry Hoppe-Seyler.

Identification of a paramagnetic species as an early intermediate in the coenzyme B12‐dependent glutamate mutase reaction A cob(II)amide?

W. Buckel, U. Leutbecher, S.P.J. Albracht, 1992, FEBS letters.

Mechanisms of Coenzyme B12‐Dependent Carbon‐Carbon and Carbon‐Oxygen Rearrangements

W. Buckel, S. Textor, H. Bothe, 2007 .

Coordination of a histidine residue of the protein‐component S to the cobalt atom in coenzyme B12‐dependent glutamate mutase from Clostridium cochlearium

B. Beatrix, W. Buckel, O. Zelder, 1995, FEBS letters.

Glutamate mutase from Clostridium cochlearium. Purification, cobamide content and stereospecific inhibitors.

D. Linder, W. Buckel, U. Leutbecher, 1992, European journal of biochemistry.

Adenosylcobalamin and cob(II)alamin as prosthetic groups of 2-methyleneglutarate mutase from Clostridium barkeri.

W. Buckel, S. Albracht, C. Michel, 1992, European journal of biochemistry.

On the thermodynamic equilibrium between (R)‐2‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA and 2‐enoyl‐CoA

David M. Smith, W. Buckel, A. Parthasarathy, 2010, The FEBS journal.

Propionate oxidation in Escherichia coli: evidence for operation of a methylcitrate cycle in bacteria

Volker F. Wendisch, V. Wendisch, D. Linder, 1997, Archives of Microbiology.

Glutamate mutase from Clostridium cochlearium: the structure of a coenzyme B12-dependent enzyme provides new mechanistic insights.

K. Gruber, U. Wagner, C. Kratky, 1999, Structure.

Coenzyme B12‐dependent 2‐methyleneglutarate mutase from Clostridium barkeri Protection by the substrate from inactivation by light

W. Buckel, C. Michel, 1991, FEBS letters.

Glutamate mutase and 2-methyleneglutarate mutase.

B. Beatrix, W. Buckel, O. Zelder, 2022, Methods in enzymology.

On the role of two different cobalt(II) species in coenzyme B12-dependent 2-methyleneglutarate mutase from Clostridium barkeri.

W. Buckel, O. Zelder, 1993, Biological chemistry Hoppe-Seyler.

Evidence for a Mechanism Involving Transient Fragmentation in Carbon Skeleton Rearrangements Dependent on Coenzyme B12.

B. Golding, B. Beatrix, W. Buckel, 2010 .

Purification of the coenzyme B12-containing 2-methyleneglutarate mutase from Clostridium barkeri by high-performance liquid chromatography.

D. Linder, W. Buckel, C. Michel, 1991, Journal of chromatography.

B12‐Dependent Enzyme Reactions, Chemistry of

B. Golding, W. Buckel, 2008 .

Evidence for a Mechanism Involving Transient Fragmentation in Carbon Skeleton Rearrangements Dependent on Coenzyme B12

G. Örlygsson, B. Golding, B. Beatrix, 1995 .

Chemistry and Bioactivity of an Artificial Adenosylpeptide B12 Cofactor

W. Buckel, H. Brandl, Kai Zhou, 2012, Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology.

Phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characterization of Acidaminococcus fermentans.

E. Stackebrandt, R. Kroppenstedt, W. Buckel, 1992, FEMS microbiology letters.

Oxidation of propionate to pyruvate in Escherichia coli. Involvement of methylcitrate dehydratase and aconitase.

U. Völker, W. Buckel, M. Brock, 2002, European journal of biochemistry.

Methylcitrate synthase from Aspergillus nidulans: implications for propionate as an antifungal agent

R. Fischer, D. Linder, W. Buckel, 2000, Molecular microbiology.

Immunocytochemical localization of two key enzymes of the 2-hydroxyglutarate pathway of glutamate fermentation in Acidaminococcus fermentans

M. Rohde, F. Mayer, W. Buckel, 1988, Archives of Microbiology.

Structure and Function of 4-Hydroxyphenylacetate Decarboxylase and Its Cognate Activating Enzyme

B. Golding, G. Ullmann, W. Buckel, 2016, Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology.

Complete Genome Sequence of the Amino Acid-Fermenting Clostridium propionicum X2 (DSM 1682)

G. Gottschalk, R. Daniel, Anja Poehlein, 2016, Genome Announcements.

Effect of an Oxygen-Tolerant Bifurcating Butyryl Coenzyme A Dehydrogenase/Electron-Transferring Flavoprotein Complex from Clostridium difficile on Butyrate Production in Escherichia coli

W. Buckel, T. Selmer, J. Schiffels, 2013, Journal of bacteriology.

Dissection of the Caffeate Respiratory Chain in the Acetogen Acetobacterium woodii: Identification of an Rnf-Type NADH Dehydrogenase as a Potential Coupling Site

V. Müller, E. Jayamani, W. Buckel, 2007, Journal of bacteriology.

Two beta‐alanyl‐CoA:ammonia lyases in Clostridium propionicum

W. Buckel, T. Selmer, Gloria Herrmann, 2005, The FEBS journal.

Sodium ion-dependent hydrogen production in Acidaminococcus fermentans

W. Buckel, Ulrich Härtel, W. Buckel, 1996, Archives of Microbiology.

Sodium ion-translocating decarboxylases.

W. Buckel, W Buckel, Wolfgang Buckel, 2001, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

Phenylalanine catabolism in Archaeoglobus fulgidus VC-16

W. Buckel, A. Parthasarathy, J. Kahnt, 2013, Archives of Microbiology.

Identification of acrylate, the product of the dehydration of (R)‐lactate catalysed by cell‐free extracts from Clostridium propionicum

W. Buckel, W Buckel, G Schweiger, 1985, FEBS letters.

Studies on the Mechanism of Electron Bifurcation Catalyzed by Electron Transferring Flavoprotein (Etf) and Butyryl-CoA Dehydrogenase (Bcd) of Acidaminococcus fermentans*

U. Ermler, E. Jayamani, W. Buckel, 2013, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

A sodium ion gradient as energy source for Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus

W. Buckel, G. Wohlfarth, 1985, Archives of Microbiology.

L-serine and L-threonine dehydratase from Clostridium propionicum. Two enzymes with different prosthetic groups.

D. Linder, A. Hofmeister, W. Buckel, 1993, European journal of biochemistry.

Purification and properties of an iron-sulfur-containing and pyridoxal-phosphate-independent L-serine dehydratase from Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus.

W. Buckel, R. Grabowski, 1991, European journal of biochemistry.

A Novel type of pmoA : presence and distribution among methanotrophs-expression in Methylocystis strain SC 2

W. Liesack, W. Buckel, 2002 .

The biotin-dependent sodium ion pump glutaconyl-CoA decarboxylase from Fusobacterium nucleatum (subsp. nucleatum)

K. Bendrat, B. Beatrix, W. Buckel, 1990, Archives of Microbiology.

Identification of the 4-glutamyl radical as an intermediate in the carbon skeleton rearrangement catalyzed by coenzyme B12-dependent glutamate mutase from Clostridium cochlearium.

B. Golding, G. Gerfen, W. Buckel, 1998, Biochemistry.

Cloning and expression of the two genes coding for L-serine dehydratase from Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus: relationship of the iron-sulfur protein to both L-serine dehydratases from Escherichia coli

A. Hofmeister, W. Buckel, S. Textor, 1997, Journal of bacteriology.

Enzyme‐Catalyzed Formation of Carboxybiotin as Proved by the Measurement of 15N,13C and 13C,13C Spin‐Spin Coupling

A. Braune, S. Berger, W. Buckel, 1996 .

Carbon‐13 labelled biotin ‐ a new probe for the study of enzyme catalyzed carboxylation and decarboxylation reactions

K. Bendrat, W. Buckel, K. Röhm, 1990, FEBS Letters.

The Benzoyl‐Coenzyme A Reductase and 2‐Hydroxyacyl‐Coenzyme A Dehydratase Radical Enzyme Family

W. Buckel, M. Boll, Johannes Kung, 2014, Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology.

Formation of 3‐hydroxyglutaric acid in glutaric aciduria type I: in vitro participation of medium chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase

J. Vockley, S. Ghisla, M. Mack, 2019, JIMD reports.

2-Methylisocitrate lyases from the bacterium Escherichia coli and the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans: characterization and comparison of both enzymes.

W. Buckel, M. Brock, S. Textor, 2001, European journal of biochemistry.

Energy Conservation via Electron-Transferring Flavoprotein in

E. Jayamani, W. Buckel, Gloria Herrmann, 2008 .

Crystal structure of the Acidaminococcus fermentans 2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA dehydratase component A.

D. Rees, K. Locher, A. Yeh, 2001, Journal of molecular biology.

2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA dehydratase from Clostridium symbiosum.

J. Vorholt, D. Linder, W. Buckel, 1999, European journal of biochemistry.

Faculty Opinions recommendation of Structure of (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl diphosphate reductase, the terminal enzyme of the non-mevalonate pathway.

W. Buckel, 2009 .

2‐Hydroxyisocaproyl‐CoA dehydratase and its activator from Clostridium difficile

W. Buckel, Jihoe Kim, D. Darley, 2005, The FEBS journal.

Fermentative Cyclohexane Carboxylate Formation in Syntrophus aciditrophicus

U. Ermler, W. Buckel, B. Martins, 2016, Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology.

An Electron-bifurcating Caffeyl-CoA Reductase*

V. Müller, W. Buckel, Johannes Bertsch, 2013, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

Engineering Escherichia coli with acrylate pathway genes for propionic acid synthesis and its impact on mixed-acid fermentation

E. Jayamani, W. Buckel, G. Jayaraman, 2012, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

Caffeate Respiration in the Acetogenic Bacterium Acetobacterium woodii: a Coenzyme A Loop Saves Energy for Caffeate Activation

W. Buckel, A. Parthasarathy, V. Hess, 2013, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

On the road to bioremediation of "dioxin".

W. Buckel, 2005, Chemistry & biology.

The sodium ion translocating glutaconyl‐CoA decarboxylase from Acidaminococcus fermentans: cloning and function of the genes forming a second operon

K. Bendrat, A. Braune, W. Buckel, 1999, Molecular microbiology.

A Mechanistic Overview of B12‐dependent Processes

S. Ashwell, W. Buckel, I. Garnett, 2007 .

Dual role of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM+) in the methylation of sp2-hybridized electrophilic carbons.

R. Thauer, W. Buckel, 2011, Angewandte Chemie.

Enzymatic Reactions Involving Ketyls: From a Chemical Curiosity to a General Biochemical Mechanism.

W. Buckel, Wolfgang Buckel, 2019, Biochemistry.

Stereocontrolled Synthesis of (2R,3S)‐2‐Methylisocitrate, a Central Intermediate in the Methylcitrate Cycle

B. Golding, W. Buckel, T. Selmer, 2003 .

On the ATP-dependent activation of the radical enzyme (R)-2-hydroxyisocaproyl-CoA dehydratase.

H. Dobbek, W. Buckel, S. Knauer, 2012, Biochemistry.

The semiquinone swing in the bifurcating electron transferring flavoprotein/butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase complex from Clostridium difficile

U. Ermler, W. Buckel, T. Selmer, 2017, Nature Communications.

Spectral deconvolution of redox species in the crotonyl-CoA-dependent NADH:ferredoxin oxidoreductase from Megasphaera elsdenii. A flavin-dependent bifurcating enzyme

R. Hille, W. Buckel, D. Niks, 2021, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

Rapid kinetics reveal surprising flavin chemistry in bifurcating electron transfer flavoprotein from Acidaminococcus fermentans

P. Chaiyen, W. Buckel, J. Sucharitakul, 2020, The Journal of biological chemistry.

Modulations of the reduction potentials of flavin‐based electron bifurcation complexes and semiquinone stabilities are key to control directional electron flow

P. Chaiyen, Thanyaporn Wongnate, Supacha Buttranon, 2020, The FEBS journal.

Adenosine triphosphate-induced electron transfer in 2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA dehydratase from Acidaminococcus fermentans.

Eckhard Bill, Marcus Hans, W. Buckel, 2002, Biochemistry.

Bacterial methanogenesis proceeds by a radical mechanism.

W. Buckel, 2013, Angewandte Chemie.

High resolution crystal structure of Clostridium propionicum β‐alanyl‐CoA:ammonia lyase, a new member of the “hot dog fold” protein superfamily

A. Heine, K. Reuter, W. Buckel, 2014, Proteins.

Crystal structure of the carboxyltransferase subunit of the bacterial sodium ion pump glutaconyl‐coenzyme A decarboxylase

Robert Huber, Kerstin S Wendt, R. Huber, 2003, The EMBO journal.

Iron—sulfur cluster‐containing l‐serine dehydratase from Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus: Correlation of the cluster type with enzymatic activity

A. Hofmeister, W. Buckel, S. Albracht, 1994, FEBS letters.

One‐Electron Redox Reactions of CoASH Esters in Anaerobic Bacteria—A Mechanistic Proposal

W. Buckel, R. Keese, R. Keese*, 1995 .

Cobalamin Coenzymes and Vitamin B12

W. Buckel, 2007 .

Probing the cob(II)alamin Cond UctorHhypothesis with Glutamate Mutase from Clostridium Cochlearium

W. Buckel, A. Parthasarathy, K. Zelenka, 2012 .

ROTATION OF THE EXO-METHYLENE GROUP OF 2-METHYLENEGLUTARATE CATALYZED BY COENZYME B12-DEPENDENT 2-METHYLENEGLUTARATE MUTASE FROM CLOSTRIDIUM BARKERI

B. Golding, B. Beatrix, W. Buckel, 1996 .

Crystal structure and putative mechanism of 3-methylitaconate-delta-isomerase from Eubacterium barkeri.

B. Golding, A. Messerschmidt, W. Buckel, 2009, Journal of molecular biology.

Identification of the gene encoding the activator of(R)‐2‐hydroxyglutaryl‐CoA dehydratase from Acidaminococcus fermentans by gene expression in Escherichia coli

K. Bendrat, W. Buckel, U. Müller, 1993, FEBS letters.

Production of Glutaconic Acid in a Recombinant Escherichia coli Strain

W. Buckel, O. Zelder, Ivana Djurdjević, 2010, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

Deprotonation of enoxy radicals: theoretical validation of a 50-year-old mechanistic proposal.

David M. Smith, W. Buckel, H. Zipse, 2003, Angewandte Chemie.

Radical and Electron Recycling in Catalysis

W. Buckel, 2009 .

Special Clostridial Enzymes and Fermentation Pathways

W. Buckel, 2005 .

Mechanism-Based Inactivation of Coenzyme B12-Dependent 2-Methyleneglutarate Mutase by (Z)-Glutaconate and Buta-1,3-diene-2,3-dicarboxylate

B. Golding, W. Buckel, A. Pierik, 2006 .

Coenzyme B12-dependent enzymatic dehydration of 1,2-diols: simple reaction, complex mechanism!

B. Golding, W. Buckel, G. Speranza, 2004 .

Highlight: Radicals in Enzymatic Catalysis

W. Buckel, 2005 .

Searching for intermediates in the carbon skeleton rearrangement of 2-methyleneglutarate to (R)-3-methylitaconate catalyzed by coenzyme B12-dependent 2-methyleneglutarate mutase from Eubacterium barkeri.

B. Golding, B. Beatrix, W. Buckel, 2005, Biochemistry.

Hydrogen bonds guide the short-lived 5'-deoxyadenosyl radical to the place of action.

B. Golding, W. Buckel, P. Friedrich, 2012, Angewandte Chemie.

The iron-sulfur-cluster-containing L-serine dehydratase from Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus. Stereochemistry of the deamination of L-threonine.

A. Hofmeister, W. Buckel, S. Berger, 1992, European journal of biochemistry.

Iron-sulfur clusters as alternatives to pyridoxal-5′-phosphate in bacterial L-serine dehydratases: Cloning of the gene encoding the β-subunit of the enzyme from Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus

A. Hofmeister, W. Buckel, R. Grabowski, 1994 .

3-Methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase from Acinetobacter sp

D. Linder, M. Mack, J. Zschocke, 2006, Archives of Microbiology.

Structure and Function of 4-Hydroxyphenylacetate Decarboxylase and Its Cognate Activating Enzyme

W. Buckel, B. Martins, B. Selvaraj, 2016, Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology.

Elucidating the Stereochemistry of Enzymatic Benzylsuccinate Synthesis with Chirally Labeled Toluene.

J. Heider, B. Golding, M. Szaleniec, 2016, Angewandte Chemie.

Glutamate mutase and 2-methyleneglutarate mutase.

B. Beatrix, W. Buckel, O. Zelder, 2022, Methods in enzymology.

Radical and electron recycling in catalysis.

W. Buckel, 2009, Angewandte Chemie.

Anaerobic Microbial Degradation of Hydrocarbons: From Enzymatic Reactions to the Environment

T. Treude, J. Heider, R. Rabus, 2016, Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology.

An Electron-bifurcating Caffeyl-CoA Reductase*

V. Müller, W. Buckel, Johannes Bertsch, 2013, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

Phenylalanine catabolism in Archaeoglobus fulgidus VC-16

W. Buckel, A. Parthasarathy, J. Kahnt, 2013, Archives of Microbiology.

(R)-lactyl-CoA dehydratase from Clostridium propionicum. Stereochemistry of the dehydration of (R)-2-hydroxybutyryl-CoA to crotonyl-CoA.

A. Hofmeister, W. Buckel, 1992, European journal of biochemistry.

Comment on “How a Formate Dehydrogenase Responds to Oxygen: Unexpected O2 Insensitivity of an Enzyme Harboring Tungstopterin, Selenocysteine, and [4Fe–4S] Clusters”

W. Buckel, 2023, ACS Catalysis.

Assay of 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase from

W. Buckel, P. Willadsen, 1990 .

Succinate-ethanol fermentation in Clostridium kluyveri: purification and characterisation of 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase/vinylacetyl-CoA delta 3-delta 2-isomerase.

U. Scherf, G. Gottschalk, D. Linder, 1994, Archives of microbiology.

Purification and properties of an iron-sulfur and FAD-containing 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase/vinylacetyl-CoA delta 3-delta 2-isomerase from Clostridium aminobutyricum.

U. Scherf, W. Buckel, 1993, European journal of biochemistry.

Biochemistry of glutaric aciduria type I: Activities of in vitro expressed wild-type and mutant cDNA encoding human glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase

J. Zschocke, W. Buckel, M. Liesert, 1999, Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease.

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of recombinant glutamate mutase and of the isolated component S from Clostridium cochlearium.

C. Kratky, W. Buckel, G. Jogl, 1998, Acta crystallographica. Section D, Biological crystallography.

Rotation of the exo-methylene group of (R)-3-methylitaconate catalyzed by coenzyme B(12)-dependent 2-methyleneglutarate mutase from Eubacterium barkeri.

B. Golding, W. Buckel, A. Pierik, 2002, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

Crystal structure of the complex between 4-hydroxybutyrate CoA-transferase from Clostridium aminobutyricum and CoA

A. Messerschmidt, W. Buckel, Jin Zhang, 2011, Archives of Microbiology.

An Asymmetric Model for Na+-translocating Glutaconyl-CoA Decarboxylases*

D. Linder, L. Essen, W. Buckel, 2009, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.