C. Fraser

C Ricós, C G Fraser, P H Petersen, 1996, European journal of clinical chemistry and clinical biochemistry : journal of the Forum of European Clinical Chemistry Societies.

Quality specifications in laboratory medicine.

C. Fraser, 1990, Upsala journal of medical sciences.

The quality needed for measuring glycated haemoglobin. An application.

C. Fraser, P. Hyltoft Petersen, M. Lytken Larsen, 1990, Upsala journal of medical sciences.

SD,mmol/L 0.011 0.010 0.029 0.010 0.012 0.020

C. Fraser, C. R. Hearne, 1979 .

Desirable performance standards for imprecision and bias in alternate sites. The views of laboratory professionals.

P. H. Petersen, C. Fraser, P. Petersen, 1995, Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine.

Polymorphisms of the angiotensin converting enzyme gene in relation to intrauterine growth restriction

A. Struthers, D. Murphy, C. Fraser, 2010, Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica.

Low faecal haemoglobin concentration potentially rules out significant colorectal disease

P. McDonald, R. Steele, F. Carey, 2013, Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland.

Newer fecal tests: opportunities for professionals in laboratory medicine.

G. Young, C. Fraser, S. Halloran, 2012, Clinical chemistry.

Making colorectal cancer screening FITTER for purpose with quantitative faecal immunochemical tests for haemoglobin (FIT)

G. Young, C. Fraser, S. Halloran, 2013, Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine.

Yield of colorectal cancer at colonoscopy according to faecal haemoglobin concentration in symptomatic patients referred from primary care

C. Mowat, R. Steele, J. A. Strachan, 2020, Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland.

Interpretation of faecal haemoglobin concentration data in colorectal cancer screening and in assessment of symptomatic patients

C. Fraser, 2017 .

Short-term biological variation of plasma analytes in renal disease.

C. Fraser, P. Williams, 1983, Clinical Chemistry.

Faecal haemoglobin concentration and personalised assessment of the risk of colorectal neoplasia

C. Fraser, 2017 .

Participation in bowel screening among men attending abdominal aortic aneurysm screening

R. Steele, A. Anderson, C. Fraser, 2018, The British journal of surgery.

Results from the first three rounds of the Scottish demonstration pilot of FOBT screening for colorectal cancer

J. Wilson, R. Steele, F. Carey, 2008, Gut.

Use of a faecal immunochemical test for haemoglobin can aid in the investigation of patients with lower abdominal symptoms

C. Fraser, I. Godber, L. Todd, 2016, Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine.

Transition to quantitative faecal immunochemical testing from guaiac faecal occult blood testing in a fully rolled-out population-based national bowel screening programme

R. Steele, F. Carey, A. Anderson, 2020, Gut.

Patterns of uptake in a biennial faecal occult blood test screening programme for colorectal cancer

R. Steele, F. Carey, G. Libby, 2014, Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland.

Negative screening colonoscopy after a positive guaiac faecal occult blood test: not a contraindication to continued screening

R. Steele, F. Carey, G. Libby, 2012, Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland.

Guaiac based faecal occult blood testing for colorectal cancer screening: an obsolete strategy?

G. Young, C. Fraser, S. Halloran, 2012, Gut.

Impact of the UK colorectal cancer screening pilot studies on incidence, stage distribution and mortality trends.

R. Steele, F. Carey, G. Lawrence, 2012, Cancer epidemiology.

Effect of repeated invitations on uptake of colorectal cancer screening using faecal occult blood testing: analysis of prevalence and incidence screening

R. Steele, F. Carey, G. Libby, 2010, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

Evaluation of a card collection-based faecal immunochemical test in screening for colorectal cancer using a two-tier reflex approach

J. Wilson, R. Steele, F. Carey, 2007, Gut.

Interval cancers using a quantitative faecal immunochemical test (FIT) for haemoglobin when colonoscopy capacity is limited

R. Steele, F. Carey, C. Fraser, 2016, Journal of medical screening.

Faecal haemoglobin concentration is related to severity of colorectal neoplasia

M. Balsitis, R. Diament, R. Steele, 2013, Journal of Clinical Pathology.

Experience with a two-tier reflex gFOBT/FIT strategy in a national bowel screening programme

R. Steele, F. Carey, C. Fraser, 2012, Journal of medical screening.

Faecal haemoglobin concentrations by gender and age: implications for population-based screening for colorectal cancer

R. Steele, C. Fraser, J. Digby, 2012, Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine.

Experience with a wipe guaiac-based faecal occult blood test as an alternative test in a bowel screening programme

R. Steele, C. Fraser, M. Kenicer, 2010, Journal of medical screening.

The Effect of the Variability in Fecal Immunochemical Test Sample Collection Technique on Clinical Performance

G. Young, C. Fraser, E. Symonds, 2020, Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention.

Clinical outcomes using a faecal immunochemical test for haemoglobin as a first-line test in a national programme constrained by colonoscopy capacity

M. Balsitis, R. Diament, R. Steele, 2013, United European gastroenterology journal.

Interval cancers in a national colorectal cancer screening programme

R. Steele, F. Carey, C. Fraser, 2016, United European gastroenterology journal.

Do other variables add value to assessment of the risk of colorectal disease using faecal immunochemical tests for haemoglobin?

C. Mowat, R. Steele, A. Anderson, 2019, Annals of clinical biochemistry.

Faecal immunochemical tests for haemoglobin (FIT) in the assessment of patients with lower abdominal symptoms: current controversies.

C. Fraser, 2019, Gastroenterologia y hepatologia.

Faecal immunochemical tests for haemoglobin (FIT) in the assessment of patients with lower abdominal symptoms: current controversies

C. Fraser, 2019, Gastroenterología y Hepatología (English Edition).

Biological variation of urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase: practical and clinical implications.

C. Fraser, I. Stolarek, J. Howey, 1989, Clinical chemistry.

The influence of analytical bias on diagnostic misclassifications.

T Groth, C H de Verdier, C G Fraser, 1997, Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry.

Judgement on Analytical Quality Requirements from Published Clinical Vignette Studies Is Flawed

C. Fraser, 1999, Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine.

Desirable standards for laboratory tests if they are to fulfill medical needs.

P. H. Petersen, C. Fraser, P. Petersen, 1993, Clinical chemistry.

Generation and application of analytical goals in laboratory medicine.

C. Fraser, 1991, Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanita.

The Importance of Imprecision

P. H. Petersen, C. Fraser, P. Petersen, 1991, Annals of clinical biochemistry.

Setting quality standards in clinical chemistry: can competing models based on analytical, biological, and clinical outcomes be harmonized?

P. H. Petersen, C. Fraser, P. Petersen, 1994, Clinical chemistry.

Use of a faecal immunochemical test narrows current gaps in uptake for sex, age and deprivation in a bowel cancer screening programme

R. Steele, G. Libby, C. Fraser, 2013, Journal of medical screening.

A future for faecal haemoglobin measurements in the medical laboratory

C. Fraser, 2012, Annals of clinical biochemistry.

Screening for colorectal neoplasia with faecal tests.

C. Fraser, 2011, The Lancet. Oncology.

Predicting mortality using two renal function estimation methods in hospitalised stroke patients.

R. Macwalter, C. Fraser, M. Witham, 2010, International journal of cardiology.

Comment: Troglitazone

C. Fraser, L. Fierro, Charles G Fraser, 1998, The Annals of pharmacotherapy.

Assay validation and biological variation of serum receptor for advanced glycation end-products

C. Fraser, L. Brown, 2008, Annals of clinical biochemistry.

Test result variation and the quality of evidence-based clinical guidelines.

C. Fraser, 2004, Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry.

Longer-term biological variation of commonly analyzed serum constituents.

C. Fraser, E. Gowans, 1987, Clinical chemistry.

Influence of Index of Individuality on False Positives in Repeated Sampling from Healthy Individuals

P. H. Petersen, S. Sandberg, C. Fraser, 2001, Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine.

Intra- and Inter-Individual Variation of Serum Angiotensin Converting Enzyme: Clinical Implications

C. Fraser, M. Browning, Y. Fogarty, 1989, Annals of Clinical Biochemistry.

Biological variation in analyte concentrations in urine of apparently healthy men and women.

C. Fraser, E. Gowans, 1987, Clinical chemistry.

The influence of mode of delivery and ACE genotype on serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity in the mother and infant at term.

A. Struthers, D. Murphy, C. Fraser, 2007, European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology.

Serum tumor markers in monitoring patients: interpretation of results using analytical and biological variation.

F. Galeotti, M. Plebani, C. Fraser, 1996, Anticancer research.

Desirable performance characteristics and clinical utility of immunoglobulin and light-chain assays derived from data on biological variation.

C. Fraser, P. Mitchell, R. Ford, 1988, Clinical Chemistry.

Inherent biological variation and reference values

C. Fraser, 2004, Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine.

Faecal haemoglobin concentration is related to detection of advanced colorectal neoplasia in the next screening round

M. Balsitis, R. Diament, R. Steele, 2017, Journal of medical screening.

Angiotensin converting enzyme activity in infancy is related to birth weight

A. Struthers, C. Fraser, J. Reilly, 2004, Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition.

Making better use of differences in serial laboratory results

C. Fraser, 2012, Annals of clinical biochemistry.

Acute effects of captopril on the renal actions of furosemide in patients with chronic heart failure.

J. McMurray, A. Struthers, C. Fraser, 1993, American heart journal.

Assessment of colorimetric enzymatic determination of triglyceride, by manual and centrifugal analyzer techniques, and comparison with a CDC standardized method.

C. Fraser, C. R. Hearne, 1981, Clinical biochemistry.

Manual and centrifugal analyzer determination of cholesterol and triglycerides with single-vial enzymatic reagents.

C. Fraser, M. Peake, M. Sontrop, 1978, Clinical chemistry.

Intermittent non-adherence with ACE inhibitor treatment and its implications for clinical trials results

A. Struthers, C. Fraser, R. Macfadyen, 2001, Heart.

Confirmation of analytical performance characteristics required for the reference change value applied in patient monitoring

P. H. Petersen, C. Fraser, G. Sölétormos, 2015, Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation.

Quality specifications for imprecision of B-type natriuretic peptide assays.

C. Fraser, 2005, Clinical chemistry.

Combination of Analytical Quality Specifications Based on Biological Within- and Between-Subject Variation

P. H. Petersen, I. Brandslund, L. Jørgensen, 2002, Annals of clinical biochemistry.

A clinical view of analytical goals in clinical biochemistry.

A. Barrett, C. Fraser, S. Cameron, 1979, Journal of clinical pathology.

Comparison of Three Kits for the Enzymatic Determination of Urea

C. Fraser, A. Fudge, 1978, Annals of clinical biochemistry.

Six methods for determining urinary protein compared.

C. Fraser, L. Penberthy, B. Dilena, 1983, Clinical chemistry.

Occult blood in faeces is associated with all-cause and non-colorectal cancer mortality

R. Steele, F. Carey, G. Libby, 2018, Gut.

Short- and long-term biological variation in analytes in urine of apparently healthy individuals.

C. Fraser, M. Shephard, L. Penberthy, 1981, Clinical Chemistry.

Anxiety before operation and serum potassium

C. Fraser, S. Crofts, R. E. Webster, 1990, Anaesthesia.

Analytical Performance Specifications for 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Examinations

S. Vasikaran, H. Vesper, A. Heijboer, 2021, Nutrients.

Intra- and interindividual biological variation of five analytes used in assessing thyroid function: implications for necessary standards of performance and the interpretation of results.

C. Fraser, M. Browning, S. Callaghan, 1986, Clinical chemistry.

Problems associated with clinical chemistry quality control materials.

C. Fraser, M. Peake, 1980, CRC critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences.

Detection capability of quantitative faecal immunochemical tests for haemoglobin (FIT) and reporting of low faecal haemoglobin concentrations

C. Fraser, S. Benton, 2019, Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine.

Faecal immunochemical tests in the COVID-19 pandemic; safety-netting of patients with symptoms and low faecal haemoglobin concentration – can a repeat test be used?

C. Fraser, S. Benton, 2020, Annals of clinical biochemistry.

Clinical Utility of Assays of Glycosylated Haemoglobin and Serum Fructosamine Compared: Use of Data on Biological Variation

R. Jung, C. Fraser, M. Browning, 1989, Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association.

Urinalysis by use of multi-test reagent strips: two dipsticks compared.

C. Fraser, M. Peake, B. Smith, 1977, Clinical chemistry.

Terms and symbols used in studies on biological variation: the need for harmonization.

P. H. Petersen, A. Šimundić, C. Fraser, 2015, Clinical chemistry.

Acceptance quality checks for qualitative fecal immunochemical tests ensure screening program consistency

C. Fraser, C. Anderson, P. Mcdonald, 2011, International journal of cancer.

Biological variation: a rapidly evolving aspect of laboratory medicine

C. Fraser, 2017 .

Interval cancers in a national colorectal cancer screening programme

R. Steele, F. Carey, C. Fraser, 2016, United European gastroenterology journal.

Plasma creatinine medians from patients partitioned by gender and age used as a tool for assessment of analytical stability at different concentrations

P. H. Petersen, C. Fraser, S. I. Hansen, 2019, Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine.

Impact of Preanalytical Factors on Fecal Immunochemical Tests: Need for New Strategies in Comparison of Methods

T. Rubeca, C. Fraser, M. Confortini, 2015, The International journal of biological markers.

A dynamic reference change value model applied to ongoing assessment of the steady state of a biomarker using more than two serial results

C. Fraser, P. Hyltoft Petersen, F. Lund, 2019, Annals of clinical biochemistry.

Comparison of standardization techniques for colorimetric analyses on a centrifugal analyzer.

C. Fraser, M. Peake, C. R. Hearne, 1982, Clinical biochemistry.

Evaluation of a Kit for the Colorimetric Determination of Inorganic Phosphate

C. Fraser, M. Peake, 1978, Annals of clinical biochemistry.

One or two faecal immunochemical tests in an organised population-based colorectal cancer screening programme in Murcia (Spain)

C. Fraser, F. Pérez-Riquelme, O. Monteagudo-Piqueras, 2022, Journal of medical screening.

Effectiveness of an OutpatientUrine ScreeningProgram

C. Fraser, M. Peake, Bette C. Smith, 2004 .

Polymorphisms of the angiotensin converting enzyme gene in early-onset and late-onset pre-eclampsia

A. Struthers, D. Murphy, C. Fraser, 2010, The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians.

Correlation of angiotensin converting enzyme activity and the genotypes of the I/D polymorphism in the ACE gene with preterm birth and birth weight.

A. Struthers, D. Murphy, C. Fraser, 2008, European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology.

Problems of diabetics in prison

C. Fraser, Y. Fogarty, 1989, BMJ.

Reference change values may need some improvement but are invaluable tools in laboratory medicine

G. Lippi, M. Plebani, C. Fraser, 2012 .

Valid analytical performance specifications for combined analytical bias and imprecision for the use of common reference intervals

S. Sandberg, C. Fraser, G. Sölétormos, 2018, Annals of clinical biochemistry.

Different percentages of false-positive results obtained using five methods for the calculation of reference change values based on simulated normal and ln-normal distributions of data

P. H. Petersen, C. Fraser, G. Sölétormos, 2016, Annals of clinical biochemistry.

Changes in prevalence of faecal occult blood positivity over time

R. Steele, A. Anderson, A. Goulding, 2019, Journal of medical screening.

Selecting the optimum specimen for assessing slight albuminuria, and a strategy for clinical investigation: novel uses of data on biological variation.

C. Fraser, M. Browning, J. Howey, 1987, Clinical chemistry.

Low Sensitivity of Fecal Immunochemical Tests (FIT) for Detection of Sessile Serrated Adenomas/Polyps Confirmed Over Clinical Setting, Geography, and FIT System

C. Mowat, R. Steele, C. Fraser, 2019, Digestive Diseases and Sciences.

On establishment of common reference intervals in laboratory medicine.

P. H. Petersen, L. Thienpont, C. Fraser, 1996, European journal of clinical chemistry and clinical biochemistry : journal of the Forum of European Clinical Chemistry Societies.

Evaluation of Precision Using Lyophilised Quality Control Materials

C. Fraser, L. Penberthy, A. Fudge, 1978, Annals of clinical biochemistry.

Biological variation: a still evolving facet of laboratory medicine

A. Šimundić, W. Bartlett, C. Fraser, 2015, Annals of clinical biochemistry.

Improved monitoring of differences in serial laboratory results.

C. Fraser, 2011, Clinical chemistry.

Determining Specific Gravity of Urine with Reagent Sticks

C. Fraser, C. Gallagher, P. Pascoe, 2004 .

Comparison of quantitative faecal immunochemical tests for haemoglobin (FIT) for asymptomatic population screening

C. Fraser, 2016 .

Faecal haemoglobin concentration thresholds for reassurance and urgent investigation for colorectal cancer based on a faecal immunochemical test in symptomatic patients in primary care

C. Mowat, R. Steele, F. Carey, 2020, Annals of clinical biochemistry.

Laboratory evaluation of the Du Pont "Dimension Clinical Chemistry System".

J. White, C. Fraser, C. G. Fraser, 1988, Clinical chemistry.

The evaluation kit for clinical chemistry: a practical guide for the evaluation of methods, instruments and reagent kits

C. Fraser, G. White, 1984, The Journal of automatic chemistry.

Enzymatic vs. Jaffé (continuous-flow) assay of creatinine in serum.

C. Fraser, C. R. Hearne, 1979, Clinical chemistry.

Objective criteria for partitioning Gaussian-distributed reference values into subgroups.

Callum G Fraser, Per Hyltoft Petersen, James C Boyd, 2002, Clinical chemistry.

International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC), Education Division. Guidelines (1988) for training in clinical laboratory management.

A. Déom, O. Zinder, C. Fraser, 1989, Journal of clinical chemistry and clinical biochemistry. Zeitschrift fur klinische Chemie und klinische Biochemie.

Generation and application of data on biological variation in clinical chemistry.

C G Fraser, E. K. Harris, C. Fraser, 1989, Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences.

Biological Variation of Serum and Urine Creatinine and Creatinine Clearance: Ramifications for Interpretation of Results and Patient Care

C. Fraser, E. Gowans, 1988, Annals of clinical biochemistry.

Characterization and classification of external Quality Assessment Schemes (EQA) according to objectives such as evaluation of method and participant bias and standard deviation

Carmen Ricós, Jean-Claude Libeer, Callum G. Fraser, 1996 .

Desirable standards of performance for therapeutic drug monitoring.

C G Fraser, C. Fraser, 1987, Clinical Chemistry.

Macroamylasaemia: how common is it?

C. Fraser, C. E. Boyle, 1985, British medical journal.

Biological variability of 26 clinical chemistry analytes in elderly people.

R. Macwalter, C. Fraser, J. Knox, 1989, Clinical chemistry.

Faecal Haemoglobin Estimated by Faecal Immunochemical Tests—An Indicator of Systemic Inflammation with Real Clinical Potential

R. Steele, C. Fraser, K. Barnett, 2021, Diagnostics.

Advances in Fecal Occult Blood Tests: The FIT Revolution

S. Cole, E. Kuipers, G. Young, 2014, Digestive Diseases and Sciences.

Analysis for urea in urine with the Beckman BUN Analyzer 2.

C. Fraser, M. Shephard, 1979, Clinical chemistry.

Impact of faecal haemoglobin concentration on colorectal cancer mortality and all-cause death

Hsiu-Hsi Chen, A. Yen, C. Liao, 2013, BMJ Open.

A proposal to standardize reporting units for fecal immunochemical tests for hemoglobin.

G. Young, C. Fraser, S. Halloran, 2012, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

Strategies to minimise the current disadvantages experienced by women in faecal immunochemical test-based colorectal cancer screening

R. Steele, C. Fraser, G. Clark, 2022, Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine.

Comparison with first round findings of faecal haemoglobin concentrations and clinical outcomes in the second round of a biennial faecal immunochemical test based colorectal cancer screening programme

R. Steele, C. Fraser, G. Clark, 2022, Journal of medical screening.

Faecal haemoglobin concentration in adenoma, before and after polypectomy, approaches the ideal tumour marker

C. Mowat, D. Goudie, R. Steele, 2022, Annals of clinical biochemistry.

Faecal haemoglobin examinations have come of age, but further maturation seems desirable

C. Fraser, S. Benton, 2022, Annals of clinical biochemistry.

Faecal haemoglobin distributions by sex, age, deprivation and geographical region: consequences for colorectal cancer screening strategies

C. Mowat, R. Steele, C. Fraser, 2020, Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine.

Faecal haemoglobin can define risk of colorectal neoplasia at surveillance colonoscopy in patients at increased risk of colorectal cancer

C. Mowat, D. Goudie, R. Steele, 2020, United European gastroenterology journal.

Population Screening for Colorectal Cancer Means Getting FIT: The Past, Present, and Future of Colorectal Cancer Screening Using the Fecal Immunochemical Test for Hemoglobin (FIT)

G. Young, C. Fraser, S. Halloran, 2014, Gut and liver.

Proposals for Setting Generally Applicable Quality Goals Solely Based on Biology

Jean-Claude Libeer, Per Hyltoft Petersen, Callum G Fraser, 1997, Annals of clinical biochemistry.

Desirable routine analytical goals for quantities assayed in serum. Discussion paper from the members of the external quality assessment (EQA) Working Group A on analytical goals in laboratory medicine.

C Ricós, C G Fraser, P H Petersen, 1995, European journal of clinical chemistry and clinical biochemistry : journal of the Forum of European Clinical Chemistry Societies.

Use of faecal markers in screening for colorectal neoplasia: a European group on tumor markers position paper

Callum G Fraser, Rolf Lamerz, C. Haglund, 2011, International journal of cancer.

Adrenal atrophy and irreversible shock associated with cortisone therapy.

C. Fraser, F. Preuss, W. D. Bigford, 1952, Journal of the American Medical Association.

Biological Variation of Acute Phase Proteins

C. Fraser, G. Clark, 1993, Annals of clinical biochemistry.

Interpretation of Clinical Chemistry Laboratory Data

Callum G. Fraser, C. Fraser, 1986 .

The Authors Reply

C. Fraser, S. T. Cummings, 1990 .

Biological Variation: From Principles to Practice

Callum G. Fraser, C. Fraser, 2001 .

Faecal haemoglobin and faecal calprotectin as indicators of bowel disease in patients presenting to primary care with bowel symptoms

C. Mowat, R. Steele, F. Carey, 2015, Gut.

Despite correlation, random spot and 24-h urine specimens are not interchangeable.

C. Fraser, E. Gowans, 1987, Clinical chemistry.

Clinical utility of one versus two faecal immunochemical test samples in the detection of advanced colorectal neoplasia in symptomatic patients

A. Castells, C. Fraser, M. López-Cerón, 2016, Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine.

Biological Variation of Cardiac Markers: Analytical and Clinical Considerations

C G Fraser, C. Fraser, S M Ross, 1998, Annals of clinical biochemistry.

Reference change values

Callum G Fraser, C. Fraser, 2012, Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine.

General strategies to set quality specifications for reliability performance characteristics.

C G Fraser, C. Fraser, Callum G. Fraser, 1999, Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation.

Proposed quality specifications for the imprecision and inaccuracy of analytical systems for clinical chemistry.

C G Fraser, P H Petersen, R Haeckel, 1992, European journal of clinical chemistry and clinical biochemistry : journal of the Forum of European Clinical Chemistry Societies.

Desirable standards of performance for therapeutic drug monitoring.

C G Fraser, C. Fraser, 1987, Clinical chemistry.

Separate patient serum sodium medians from males and females provide independent information on analytical bias

P. H. Petersen, C. Fraser, G. Sölétormos, 2017, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine.

Gender-partitioned patient medians of serum albumin requested by general practitioners for the assessment of analytical stability

P. H. Petersen, C. Fraser, G. Sölétormos, 2017, Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine.

Interpreting laboratory results.

C G Fraser, Y Fogarty, C. Fraser, 1989, BMJ.

A Case of Heavy Chain Disease: Diagnosis and Monitoring Using Assays of Immunoglobulin Heavy and Light Chains

M. Coughtrie, C. Fraser, R. Ford, 1990, Scottish medical journal.

The impact of population-based faecal occult blood test screening on colorectal cancer mortality: a matched cohort study

R. Steele, F. Carey, G. Libby, 2012, British Journal of Cancer.

Assay of serum fructosamine that minimizes standardization and matrix problems: use to assess components of biological variation.

C G Fraser, C. Fraser, M. Browning, 1987, Clinical chemistry.

Effectiveness of an outpatient urine screening program.

C. Fraser, M. Peake, B. Smith, 1977, Clinical chemistry.

Selectingthe Optimum Specimen for AssessingSlightAlbuminuria , and a Strategyfor Clinical Investigation : Novel Uses of Data on BiologicalVariation

C. Fraser, K. MargaretC., Howey, 2004 .

A method for simultaneously estimating plasma, erythrocyte, and leukocyte sodium, potassium, and magnesium: reference values and considerations from biological variation data.

C. Fraser, W. Maclennan, M. Browning, 1987, Clinical chemistry.

Hyperamylasaemia: not the usual suspects

D. Gentleman, C. Fraser, M. Murphy, 2005, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

Defining analytical performance specifications: Consensus Statement from the 1st Strategic Conference of the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine

Sverre Sandberg, Rob Jansen, Mauro Panteghini, 2015, Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine.

Malignancy-associated hyperamylasaemia

C. Fraser, M. Murphy, R. Srivastava, 2014, Annals of clinical biochemistry.

Desirable performance standards for clinical chemistry tests.

C G Fraser, C. Fraser, 1983, Advances in clinical chemistry.

A comparative effectiveness trial of two faecal immunochemical tests for haemoglobin (FIT). Assessment of test performance and adherence in a single round of a population-based screening programme for colorectal cancer

T. Rubeca, N. Segnan, C. Fraser, 2016, Gut.

Pre-notification Increases Uptake of Colorectal Cancer Screening in All Demographic Groups: A Randomized Controlled Trial

R. Steele, G. Libby, C. Fraser, 2011, Journal of medical screening.

Faecal occult blood tests – eliminate, enhance or update?

C. Fraser, 2008, Annals of clinical biochemistry.

Does Renal Dysfunction Predict Mortality After Acute Stroke?: A 7-Year Follow-Up Study

R. Macwalter, S. Ogston, C. Fraser, 2002, Stroke.

Non-adherence with ACE inhibitor treatment is common in heart failure and can be detected by routine serum ACE activity assays

T. MacDonald, A. Struthers, C. Fraser, 1999, Heart.

Faecal haemoglobin concentrations vary with sex and age, but data are not transferable across geography for colorectal cancer screening

T. Rubeca, C. Fraser, S. Rapi, 2014, Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine.

A standard for Faecal Immunochemical TesTs for Haemoglobin Evaluation Reporting (FITTER)

G. Young, C. Fraser, S. Halloran, 2014, Annals of clinical biochemistry.

Variation in changes in the incidence of colorectal cancer by age and association with screening uptake: an observational study

R. Steele, A. Anderson, C. Fraser, 2020, BMJ Open.

Effect of Gender, Age and Deprivation on Key Performance Indicators in a Fobt-based Colorectal Screening Programme

C Fraser, R. Steele, F. Carey, 2010, Journal of medical screening.

Biologic variation of urinary albumin: consequences for analysis, specimen collection, interpretation of results, and screening programs.

C. Fraser, M. Browning, J. Howey, 1989, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

Reference change values for monitoring dehydration

M. Sawka, S. Cheuvront, C. Fraser, 2011, Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine.

The fecal hemoglobin concentration, age and sex test score: Development and external validation of a simple prediction tool for colorectal cancer detection in symptomatic patients

C. Mowat, J. Cubiella, R. Steele, 2017, International journal of cancer.

Nonadherence with ACE inhibitors is common and can be detected in clinical practice by routine serum ACE activity.

T. MacDonald, A. Struthers, C. Fraser, 2001, Congestive heart failure.

Interpreting laboratory results: Authors' reply

C. Fraser, Y. Fogarty, 1989 .

Evaluation of a radiometric method for determination of total and unsaturated iron-binding capacities and serum iron.

C. Fraser, A. Fudge, 1978, Clinical chemistry.

The Index of Individuality Is Often a Misinterpreted Quantity Characteristic

S. Sandberg, C. Fraser, P. Hyltoft Petersen, 1999, Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine.

Proposed guidelines for the internal quality control of analytical results in the medical laboratory.

D Stöckl, C Ricós, J C Libeer, 1996, European journal of clinical chemistry and clinical biochemistry : journal of the Forum of European Clinical Chemistry Societies.

Automated immunochemical quantitation of haemoglobin in faeces collected on cards for screening for colorectal cancer

R. Steele, F. Carey, C. Fraser, 2008, Gut.

Immunochemical testing of individuals positive for guaiac faecal occult blood test in a screening programme for colorectal cancer: an observational study.

R. Steele, F. Carey, C. Fraser, 2006, The Lancet. Oncology.

Urine analysis: current performance and strategies for improvement.

C. Fraser, 1985, British medical journal.

Introduction: strategies to set global quality specifications in laboratory medicine.

C G Fraser, P H Petersen, A Kallner, 1999, Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation.

Impact of introducing a faecal immunochemical test (FIT) for haemoglobin into primary care on the outcome of patients with new bowel symptoms: a prospective cohort study

C. Mowat, R. Steele, F. Carey, 2019, BMJ open gastroenterology.

Appraisal of the faecal haemoglobin, age and sex test (FAST) score in assessment of patients with lower bowel symptoms: an observational study

C. Mowat, R. Steele, C. Fraser, 2019, BMC Gastroenterology.

Setting analytical goals for random analytical error in specific clinical monitoring situations.

C G Fraser, M. L. Larsen, C. Fraser, 1990, Clinical chemistry.

Comparing fecal immunochemical tests: improved standardization is needed.

G. Young, C. Fraser, S. Halloran, 2012, Gastroenterology.

STRATEGIES TO SET GLOBAL ANALYTICAL QUALITY SPECIFICATION, IN LABORATORY MEDICINE

Anders Kallner, Callum G. Fraser, Per Hyltoft Petersen, 1999 .

Special Report: Desirable Standards for Hematology Tests: A Proposal

C. Fraser, 1987 .

Application of NICE guideline NG12 to the initial assessment of patients with lower gastrointestinal symptoms: not FIT for purpose?

C. Mowat, R. Steele, F. Carey, 2018, Annals of clinical biochemistry.

Quality Indicators and Benchmarks for Guideline-Recommended Fecal Occult Blood Tests

G. Young, C. Fraser, S. Halloran, 2015 .

Guidelines (1988) for training in clinical laboratory management

N. de Cediel, C. G. Fraser, A. Deom, 1989, The Journal of automatic chemistry.

A Quality Assurance Programme for Quantitative Urine Analyses

C. Fraser, M. Shephard, L. Penberthy, 1982, Pathology.

Evolution of a national urine quality assurance programme: the Australasian experience, 1981-1983.

C. Fraser, M. Shephard, L. Penberthy, 1984, Journal of clinical pathology.

ANALYTICAL GOALS FOR QUANTITATIVE URINE ANALYSIS

C G Fraser, L A Penberthy, M D Shephard, 1981, Pathology.

An Inter-Laboratory Quality-Assurance Survey of Emergency Clinical Biochemistry Tests

C. Fraser, L. Watkinson, 1984, Annals of clinical biochemistry.

Analytical goals for quantitative urine analysis: a clinical view.

C. Fraser, L. Penberthy, M. D. Shepard, 1981, Clinical chemistry.

Sex variation in colorectal cancer mortality: trends and implications for screening

R. Steele, C. Fraser, G. Clark, 2023, European journal of public health.

Total Amylase and Pancreatic Isoamylase in Serum and Urine: Considerations from Data on Biological Variation

C. Fraser, Steven T Cummings, 1989, Annals of clinical biochemistry.

Better laboratory evaluations of instruments and kits are required.

C. Fraser, R. Singer, 1985, Clinical chemistry.

Do faecal test-based colorectal cancer screening pilots provide data that are reflected in subsequent programmes? Evidence from interval cancer proportions

R. Steele, C. Fraser, G. Clark, 2022, Annals of clinical biochemistry.

Population-based colorectal cancer screening programmes using a faecal immunochemical test: should faecal haemoglobin cut-offs differ by age and sex?

I. Gutiérrez-Ibarluzea, Á. Calderón, L. Bujanda, 2017, BMC Cancer.

BiologicalVariationof UrinaryN-Acetyl-13-D-glucosaminidase: Practicaland ClinicalImplications

Callum G. Fraser, A. Howey, A. Howey, 1989 .

Desirable performance standards for assays of serum water and osmolality.

C. Fraser, M. Browning, A. Jahan, 1988, Clinical chemistry.

Variability of Capillary Plasma Glucose in Healthy Individuals in Repeated 75 g Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests

C. Fraser, S. T. Cummings, 1988, Annals of clinical biochemistry.

Quantitation of hemoglobin improves fecal immunochemical tests for noninvasive screening.

G. Young, C. Fraser, S. Halloran, 2013, Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association.

Faecal haemoglobin: Measurement, applications, and future potential.

C. Fraser, 2023, Best practice & research. Clinical gastroenterology.

The importance of comparing quantitative faecal immunochemical tests (FIT) before selecting one for a population-based colorectal cancer screening programme

C. Fraser, J. Allison, 2018 .

A comparison of the faecal haemoglobin concentrations and diagnostic accuracy in patients suspected with colorectal cancer and serious bowel disease as reported on four different faecal immunochemical test systems

C. Fraser, M. Abulafi, N. D’Souza, 2022, Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine.

Faecal haemoglobin concentrations in women and men diagnosed with colorectal cancer in a national screening programme

R. Steele, C. Fraser, G. Clark, 2021, Journal of medical screening.

Assessment of faecal haemoglobin concentration distributions is vital for faecal immunochemical test (FIT)-based colorectal cancer screening programmes

C. Fraser, 2016, Journal of medical screening.

Faecal haemoglobin concentrations do vary across geography as well as with age and sex: ramifications for colorectal cancer screening

C. Fraser, J. Augé, on behalf of the PROCOLON Group, 2015, Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine.

Deprivation and faecal haemoglobin: implications for bowel cancer screening

R. Steele, G. Libby, C. Fraser, 2014, Journal of medical screening.

Improving the reporting of evaluations of faecal immunochemical tests for haemoglobin: the FITTER standard and checklist.

G. Young, C. Fraser, S. Halloran, 2015, European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation.

International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC), Education Committee and International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Guidelines (1985) for teaching of clinical chemistry to medical students.

O. Zinder, C. Fraser, M. Schwartz, 1985, Journal of clinical chemistry and clinical biochemistry. Zeitschrift fur klinische Chemie und klinische Biochemie.

Randomized controlled trial: Flexible sigmoidoscopy as an adjunct to faecal occult blood testing in population screening

C. Mowat, R. Steele, F. Carey, 2020, Journal of medical screening.

Effect of feedback to clinical staff of information on clinical biochemistry requesting patterns.

C G Fraser, A. Grivell, C. Fraser, 1981, Clinical chemistry.

Data on biological variation: essential prerequisites for introducing new procedures?

C. Fraser, 1994, Clinical chemistry.

Training in clinical laboratory management (Guidelines 1988)

A. Déom, O. Zinder, C. Fraser, 1990 .

The Author Replies

C. Fraser, E. Gowans, 1989 .

Guidelines (1988) for training in clinical laboratory management. International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) Education Division and International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) Clinical Chemistry Division Commission on Teaching of Clinical Chemistry.

A. Déom, O. Zinder, C. Fraser, 1989, Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry.

Strategies to Modify the Test-Requesting Patterns of Clinicians

C G Fraser, C. Fraser, F P Woodford, 1987, Annals of clinical biochemistry.

International Federation of Clinical Chemistry, Education Committee and International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Division of Clinical Chemistry: definition of the terms certification, licensure and accreditation in clinical chemistry.

O. Zinder, C. Fraser, M. Schwartz, 1985, Journal of clinical chemistry and clinical biochemistry. Zeitschrift fur klinische Chemie und klinische Biochemie.

The evaluation kit for clinical chemistry: a practical guide for the evaluation of methods, instruments and reagent kits.

C. Fraser, G. White, 1984, The Journal of automatic chemistry.

A basic education and training framework for medical laboratory technicians in clinical chemistry

O. Zinder, C. Fraser, M. Schwartz, 1984, Journal of clinical chemistry and clinical biochemistry. Zeitschrift fur klinische Chemie und klinische Biochemie.

The application of theoretical goals based on biological variation data in proficiency testing.

C G Fraser, C. Fraser, Callum G. Fraser, 1988, Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine.

ANNALS EXPRESS: Measurement of faecal haemoglobin with a faecal immunochemical test (FIT) can assist in defining which patients attending primary care with rectal bleeding require urgent referral.

C. Mowat, R. Steele, C. Fraser, 2020, Annals of clinical biochemistry.

Can the performance of a quantitative FIT-based colorectal cancer screening programme be enhanced by lowering the threshold and increasing the interval?

R. Steele, F. Carey, C. Fraser, 2017, Gut.

Effect of delay in sampling on haemoglobin determined by faecal immunochemical tests

C. Fraser, L. Brown, 2008, Annals of clinical biochemistry.

Interval cancers in a FOBT-based colorectal cancer population screening programme: implications for stage, gender and tumour site

R. Steele, F. Carey, G. Libby, 2011, Gut.

Reference change values: the way forward in monitoring

Callum G Fraser, C. Fraser, 2009, Annals of clinical biochemistry.

How to improve the performances of Fecal Immunological Tests (FIT): Need for standardization of the sampling and pre-analytical phases and revision of the procedures for comparison of methods

Stefano Rapi, Callum G Fraser, Tiziana Rubeca, 2015, The International journal of biological markers.

Biological variation in clinical chemistry. An update: collated data, 1988-1991.

C G Fraser, C. Fraser, 1992, Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine.

Uptake trends in the Scottish Bowel Screening Programme and the influences of age, sex, and deprivation

R. Steele, F. Carey, C. Fraser, 2018, Journal of medical screening.

C. Fraser, 1993, Drugs & aging.

Calculation of limits for significant unidirectional changes in two or more serial results of a biomarker based on a computer simulation model

Per Hyltoft Petersen, Flemming Lund, György Sölétormos, 2014, Annals of clinical biochemistry.

Do new concepts for deriving permissible limits for analytical imprecision and bias have any advantages over existing consensus?

Sverre Sandberg, Per Hyltoft Petersen, Callum G Fraser, 2011, Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine.

Assessment of the Eppendorf ERIS analyser

C. G. Fraser, S. J. Callaghan, R. Singer, 1985, The Journal of automatic chemistry.

A laboratory and in-ward evaluation of cholesterol assays on the Ames Seralyzer

Callum G. Fraser, Lesley M. Nelson, Robert S. Clark, 1985, The Journal of automatic chemistry.

3.1. Influence of analytical quality on test results. Comments

C. Fraser, 1992 .

An efficient strategy for evaluating new non-invasive screening tests for colorectal cancer: the guiding principles

C. O'Morain, D. Ransohoff, P. Bossuyt, 2023, Gut.

Timing of urinalysis reactions when reagent strips are used.

C. Fraser, M. Sontrop, D. Brereton, 1978, Clinical Chemistry.

Grossly elevated serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activities are still suppressible with ACE inhibitor therapy

M. Mcmurdo, A. Struthers, C. Fraser, 2002, Journal of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system : JRAAS.

Strategies to set global analytical quality specifications in laboratory medicine: 10 years on from the Stockholm consensus conference

Callum G. Fraser, Per Hyltoft Petersen, C. Fraser, 2010 .

Quality goals in external quality assessment are best based on biology.

C G Fraser, P H Petersen, C. Fraser, 1993, Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation. Supplementum.

Setting up a service for a faecal immunochemical test for haemoglobin (FIT): a review of considerations, challenges and constraints

C. Fraser, I. Godber, S. Benton, 2018, Journal of Clinical Pathology.

A demonstration pilot trial for colorectal cancer screening in the United Kingdom: a new concept in the introduction of healthcare strategies

F. Alexander, R. Steele, C. Fraser, 2001, Journal of medical screening.

Improved use of faecal immunochemical tests for haemoglobin in the Scottish bowel screening programme.

C. Mowat, R. Steele, C. Fraser, 2023, Journal of medical screening.

The 1999 Stockholm Consensus Conference on quality specifications in laboratory medicine

Callum G Fraser, C. Fraser, 2015, Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine.

Changes in prevalence of faecal occult blood positivity over time

R. Steele, A. Anderson, A. Goulding, 2019, Journal of medical screening.

Interval cancers using a quantitative faecal immunochemical test (FIT) for haemoglobin when colonoscopy capacity is limited

R. Steele, F. Carey, C. Fraser, 2016, Journal of medical screening.

Use of faecal markers in screening for colorectal neoplasia: a European group on tumor markers position paper

C. Haglund, R. Lamerz, A. Nicolini, 2011, International journal of cancer.

Faecal immunochemical tests (FIT) in the assessment of patients presenting with lower bowel symptoms: Concepts and challenges.

C. Fraser, 2018, The surgeon : journal of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons of Edinburgh and Ireland.

Biological Variation: From Principles to Practice

C. Fraser, 2001 .

BiologicalVariabilityof 26 ClinicalChemistryAnalytesin ElderlyPeople

C. Fraser, J. Knox, S. Wilkinson, 1989 .

GOALS FOR CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY ANALYTICAL IMPRECISION: A GRAPHIC APPROACH

C G Fraser, C. Fraser, 1980, Pathology (Sydney).

Analytical goals in clinical biochemistry.

C. Fraser, 1981, Progress in clinical pathology.

The Effect of Instrument Variables on Calculation Factors for Standardisation of Colorimetric Analyses

C. Fraser, M. Peake, Maria Pejakovic, 1984, Annals of clinical biochemistry.

Comparison of standardization techniques for manual colorimetric analyses.

M J Peake, B M Duncan, C G Fraser, 1980, Clinical biochemistry.

Do biological-variation data shed light on the demise of some historical indices used to assess calcium homeostasis?

C. Fraser, E. Gowans, 1987, Clinical chemistry.

Desirable routine analytical goals for quantities assysed in serum

Carmen Ricós, Callum G. Fraser, Dietmar Stöckl, 1995 .

6.1.1.6 Quality Specifications for Detection Limit

C. Fraser, S. Antonsen, P. Petersen, 1993 .

A Comparison of Analytical Goals for Haemoglobin A1c Assays Derived Using Different Strategies

Mogens Lytken Larsen, Per Hyltoft Petersen, Callum G Fraser, 1991, Annals of clinical biochemistry.

Quality assurance in clinical biochemistry

Callum G. Fraser, C. Fraser, 1993 .

Analytical goal-setting for monitoring patients when two analytical methods are used.

J O Westgard, C G Fraser, P H Petersen, 1992, Clinical chemistry.

Analytical Goals for Interference

C G Fraser, X Fuentes-Arderiu, X. Fuentes-Arderiu, 1991, Annals of clinical biochemistry.

Intra-andInterindividual Biological Variation of FiveAnalytes Usedin Assessing ThyroidFunction: Implications forNecessary Standards of Performance andtheInterpretation of Results

C. Fraser, M. Browning, S. Callaghan, 1986 .

Short-term biological variation of plasma analytes in renal disease.

C. Fraser, P. Williams, 1983, Clinical chemistry.

Urinalysis in an Australian teaching hospital

C. Fraser, M. Shephard, L. Penberthy, 1982, The Medical journal of Australia.

The clinical view of turnaround times for stat tests.

C G Fraser, J M Murphy, L A Penberthy, 1979, American Journal of Clinical Pathology.

Commentary: Acceptable performance standards for clinical laboratory methods

C. Fraser, 1982, The Journal of automatic chemistry.

An Inter‐Laboratory Survey of Qualitative Urinalysis

C. Fraser, M. Shephard, L. Penberthy, 1982, Pathology.

Assessment of new urinalysis dipstick.

C. Fraser, C. R. Hearne, M. Donnell, 1980, Clinical chemistry.

Desirable standards for hematology tests: a proposal.

C. Fraser, 1987, American journal of clinical pathology.

Biological variation: a still maturing aspect of laboratory medicine

Callum G. Fraser, C. Fraser, 2020, Advances in laboratory medicine.

Terms and symbols used in studies on biological variation: the need for harmonization.

A. Šimundić, C. Fraser, Marijana Miler, 2015, Clinical chemistry.

Biological Variation of Urinary Oxalate in Different Specimen Types

C. Fraser, P. Moss, Zoe E C Balchin, 1991, Annals of clinical biochemistry.

Components of biological variation of some serum analytes in hospitalized pregnant women.

C. Fraser, C. Gallagher, P. Pascoe, 1984, Clinical chemistry.

Assessment of the Beckman creatinine analyzer 2.

C. Fraser, M. E. Sontrop, 1979, Clinical biochemistry.

Assessment of the Beckman oxygen rate analyzer for the enzymatic assay of cholesterol.

C. Fraser, M. Peake, M. E. Sontrop, 1979, Clinical biochemistry.

The authors reply

C. Fraser, L. Penberthy, 1980 .

A standard for Faecal Immunochemical TesTs for Haemoglobin Evaluation Reporting (FITTER)

G. Young, C. Fraser, S. Halloran, 2014, Annals of clinical biochemistry.

Use of fecal immunochemical testing in patients presenting in primary care with lower GI symptoms

C. Fraser, 2020, Canadian Medical Association Journal.