A. Epstein

发表

Preliminary report: effect of encainide and flecainide on mortality in a randomized trial of arrhythmia suppression after myocardial infarction.

W. Rogers, G. Kay, J. Mahmarian, 1989, The New England journal of medicine.

ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 Guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities.

J. Ornato, C. Yancy, L. Newby, 2008, Heart rhythm.

2012 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused update incorporated into the ACCF/AHA/HRS 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society.

Mark A Hlatky, David L Hayes, Gabriel Gregoratos, 2013, Circulation.

Lay Rescuer Automated External Defibrillator (“Public Access Defibrillation”) Programs: Lessons Learned From an International Multicenter Trial Advisory Statement From the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Committee; the Council on Cardiopulmonary, Perioperative, and Critical Care;

Wanchun Tang, Wanchun Tang, M. Hazinski, 2005, Circulation.

Community lay rescuer automated external defibrillation programs: key state legislative components and implementation strategies: a summary of a decade of experience for healthcare providers, policymakers, legislators, employers, and community leaders from the American Heart Association Emergency Ca

Vinay Nadkarni, Graham Nichol, Henry Halperin, 2006, Circulation.

ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 Guidelines for Device-Based Therapy of Cardiac Rhythm Abnormalities: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemaker

Harlan M Krumholz, Joseph P Ornato, Mark A Hlatky, 2008, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

A comparison of antiarrhythmic-drug therapy with implantable defibrillators in patients resuscitated from near-fatal ventricular arrhythmias.

M. Keller, Roger A. Freedman, James Coromilas, 1997, The New England journal of medicine.

A comparison of biphasic and monophasic shocks for external defibrillation. Physio-Control Biphasic Investigators.

Richard C. Nova, H L Greene, G S Greer, 2000, Prehospital emergency care : official journal of the National Association of EMS Physicians and the National Association of State EMS Directors.

Update on cardiovascular implantable electronic device infections and their management: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association.

Walter R Wilson, Larry M Baddour, A. Bolger, 2010, Circulation.

ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 guideline update for implantation of cardiac pacemakers and antiarrhythmia devices: summary article: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/NASPE Committee to Update the 1998 Pacemaker Guidelines).

R. Kerber, E. Antman, J. Alpert, 2002, Circulation.

Causes of death in the Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) Trial.

Jeffrey L. Anderson, L. Cobb, E. Schron, 1999, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

Combined automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and pacemaker systems: implantation techniques and follow-up.

G. Kay, R. Shepard, J. Kirklin, 1989, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Patients With High Defibrillation Thresholds: A Multicenter Study

G. Kay, K. Ellenbogen, K. Kirk, 1992, Circulation.

Clinical experience with pacemaker pulse generators and transvenous leads: an 8-year prospective multicenter study.

David L Hayes, D. Cannom, D. Hayes, 2007, Heart rhythm.

Is there an optimal capacitance for defibrillation?

G P Walcott, R E Ideker, R. Ideker, 2001, Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology.

A Prospective, Randomized Evaluation of a Nonthoracotomy Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Lead System

J. Baker, A. Epstein, L. Voshage-Stahl, 1997, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

ICD Infection Avoidance: Science, Art, Discipline

R. Shepard, A. Epstein, 1996 .

Elevated Defibrillation Threshold When Right‐Sided Venous Access is Used for Nonthoracotomy Implantable Defibrillator Lead Implantation

G. Kay, A. Epstein, V. Plumb, 1995, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

Pacemaker and Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillator Use in a US Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 Population

Changyu Shen, W. Groh, A. Epstein, 2011, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

Rhythm Society Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart of Cardiac Rhythm Abnormalities: A Report of the American College of Cardiology 2012 ACCF/AHA/HRS Focused Update of the 2008 Guidelines for Device-Based Therapy

T. Ferguson, J. Dimarco, M. Silka, 2014 .

Appropriateness of primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillators at the time of generator replacement: are indications still met?

S. Dixit, R. Deo, P. Groeneveld, 2014, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

2012 ACCF/AHA/HRS Focused Update of the 2008 Guidelines for Device-Based Therapy of Cardiac Rhythm Abnormalities: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines.

M. Link, W. Stevenson, C. Tracy, 2012, Heart rhythm.

2012 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused update of the 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines.

M. Link, D. DeMets, Jeffrey L. Anderson, 2012, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

Pacemaker Guidelines) Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/NASPE Committee to Update the 1998 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices: Summary Article : A Report of the ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac

R. Kerber, E. Antman, J. Alpert, 2006 .

ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices

R. Kerber, E. Antman, D. Faxon, 2002 .

Large clinical trials in the management of ventricular arrhythmias. Applying group results to individual cases.

A. Epstein, J. Strobel, 2000, Cardiology clinics.

Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy in 300 patients with coronary artery disease presenting exclusively with ventricular fibrillation.

H. Calkins, F. Marchlinski, J. Dimarco, 1994, American heart journal.

ACCF/HRS/AHA/ASE/HFSA/SCAI/SCCT/SCMR 2013 appropriate use criteria for implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and cardiac resynchronization therapy: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation appropriate use criteria task force, Heart Rhythm Society, American Heart Association, Ameri

B. Lindsay, A. Russo, S. Bailey, 2013, Heart rhythm.

The disconnect between the guidelines, the appropriate use criteria, and reimbursement coverage decisions: the ultimate dilemma.

B. Lindsay, A. Russo, J. Dimarco, 2014, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

2020 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on Management of Conduction Disturbances in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee.

P. Velagapudi, J. Wyman, A. Epstein, 2020, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

New insights into cardiac resynchronization therapy

A. Epstein, 2005, Clinical cardiology.

Ventricular fibrillation in patients without significant structural heart disease: a multicenter experience with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy.

H. Calkins, F. Marchlinski, D. Cannom, 1993, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

Secondary prevention in heart failure.

D. Callans, A. Epstein, Melissa R. Robinson, 2011, Heart failure clinics.

Recommendations from the Heart Rhythm Society Task Force on Lead Performance Policies and Guidelines: developed in collaboration with the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA).

J. Alpert, B. Lindsay, W. Maisel, 2009, Heart rhythm.

Benefits of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator.

A. Epstein, 2008, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

Addendum to "Personal and Public Safety Issues Related to Arrhythmias That May Affect Consciousness: Implications for Regulation and Physician Recommendations. A medical/scientific statement from the American Heart Association and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology". Public s

B. Gersh, B. Grubb, A. Curtis, 2007, Heart rhythm.

Jumping in Before the Water Is Hot:

A. Epstein, 2004, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

Beta-blocker use and survival in patients with ventricular fibrillation or symptomatic ventricular tachycardia: the Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) trial.

M. Brodsky, D. Follmann, H. Duff, 1999, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

Stroke, Timing of Atrial Fibrillation Diagnosis, and Risk of Death

S. Kasner, D. Lin, F. Marchlinski, 2021, Neurology.

Future directions: American College of Chest Physicians guidelines for the prevention and management of postoperative atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery.

A. Epstein, P. Mckeown, 2005, Chest.

Predictors of recurrent atrioventricular nodal reentry after selective slow pathway ablation.

G. Kay, J. Baker, A. Epstein, 1994, The American journal of cardiology.

Intermediate septal accessory pathways: electrocardiographic characteristics, electrophysiologic observations and their surgical implications.

G. Kay, J. Kirklin, A. Epstein, 1991, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

B. Lindsay, A. Russo, S. Bailey, 2013, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

Race Does Not Provide Protection From New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation After Typical Flutter Ablation in Male Veteran Patients.

S. Dixit, R. Deo, A. Epstein, 2021, JACC. Clinical electrophysiology.

Acute conversion of persistent atrial fibrillation during dofetilide loading does not predict long-term atrial fibrillation-free survival

F. Marchlinski, S. Dixit, S. Khurshid, 2015, Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology.

Association Between Patient-Reported Medication Adherence and Anticoagulation Control.

Jinbo Chen, C. Brensinger, S. Kimmel, 2017, The American journal of medicine.

Predicting prolonged dose titration in patients starting warfarin

C. Brensinger, S. Kimmel, B. French, 2016, Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety.

Factors Influencing the Decision to Proceed to Firmware Upgrades to Implanted Pacemakers for Cybersecurity Risk Mitigation.

L. Epstein, N. Varma, L. Saxon, 2018, Circulation.

Exploring the dark side of left atrial appendage closure devices

P. Santangeli, A. Epstein, 2018, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

Unipolar Voltage Abnormality is Associated with Greater Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy

D. Lin, F. Marchlinski, S. Dixit, 2014, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

Another advisory: innovation, expectations, and balancing risks.

G. Kay, A. Epstein, 2008, Heart rhythm.

Determinants of outcome in patients with sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias: the antiarrhythmics versus implantable defibrillators (AVID) study registry.

J. Cook, H. Greene, S. Pinski, 2000, American heart journal.

Inducible fast ventricular tachycardia after ST-segment--elevation myocardial infarction: is ventricular tachycardia ever OK?

D. Callans, A. Epstein, 2013, Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology.

Assessing Arrhythmia Burden After Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation Using an Implantable Loop Recorder: The ABACUS Study

D. Lin, F. Marchlinski, S. Dixit, 2013, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

Functional assessment of pulmonary vein stenosis using radionuclide ventilation/perfusion imaging.

J. Mountz, G. Kay, K. Nanthakumar, 2004, Chest.

Considerations in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Arrhythmias in Patients with End‐Stage Renal Disease

G. Kay, A. Epstein, V. Plumb, 1989 .

Significance of ventricular tachyarrhythmias complicating cardiac catheterization: a CASS Registry Study.

W. Rogers, G. Kay, K. Davis, 1990, American heart journal.

Drugs Versus Devices: Contemporary Practice in Light of Contemporary Trials

A. Epstein, Andrew E Epstein, 1995, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

In-hospital versus out-of-hospital presentation of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias predicts survival: results from the AVID Registry. Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators.

Y. Rosenberg, D. Cannom, H. Greene, 1999, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

Syncope and Inducible Ventricular Fibrillation in a Woman with Hemochromatosis

A. Epstein, V. Plumb, J. Strobel, 1999, Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology.

Survival of Antiarrhythmic or Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Treated Patients with Varying Degrees of Left Ventricular Dysfunction Who Survived Malignant Ventricular Arrhythmias

M. Domanski, A. Hallstrom, S. Saksena, 2002, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

Outcomes in Patients With Congenital Heart Disease Receiving the Subcutaneous Implantable-Cardioverter Defibrillator: Results From a Pooled Analysis From the IDE Study and the EFFORTLESS S-ICD Registry.

J. Morgan, A. León, M. Burke, 2016, JACC. Clinical electrophysiology.

Complete Heart Block Complicating ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Has Not Gone Away.

A. Epstein, 2015, JACC. Clinical electrophysiology.

The Wearable Cardioverter-Defibrillator in Newly Diagnosed Cardiomyopathy: Treatment on the Basis of Perceived Risk.

A. Epstein, 2015, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

Limited Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Patients with Concomitant Right Ventricular Dysfunction

G. Kay, A. Epstein, V. Plumb, 2010, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

Catheter ablation of a posteroseptal accessory pathway in a case with congenital long QT syndrome.

G. Kay, A. Epstein, V. Plumb, 2009, International heart journal.

Addendum to the clinical competency statement: training pathways for implantation of cardioverter defibrillators and cardiac resynchronization devices.

Paul J. Wang, A. Curtis, J. Day, 2005, Heart rhythm.

Heart Rhythm Society/Pediatric and Congenital Electrophysiology Society Clinical Competency Statement: training pathways for implantation of cardioverter-defibrillators and cardiac resynchronization therapy devices in pediatric and congenital heart patients.

J. Saul, R. Friedman, E. Rosenthal, 2008, Heart rhythm.

Relative Utility of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Right Ventricular Angiography to Diagnose Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy

G. Kay, H. Nath, A. Epstein, 2004, Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology.

The management of prognostically important and life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias: The use of drugs and devices

A. Epstein, 1996 .

Cardiovascular implantable electronic device lead extraction: evidence, techniques, results, and future directions

A. Epstein, W. Goldstein, R. Schaller, 2016, Current opinion in cardiology.

Unexpected ICD Pulse Generator Failure Due to Electronic Circuit Damage Caused by Electrical Overstress

V. Parsonnet, D. Hayes, M. Schoenfeld, 2001, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

Impact of left atrial posterior wall isolation on arrhythmia outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing repeat ablation

D. Lin, F. Marchlinski, S. Dixit, 2021, Heart rhythm O2.

Trends in Antiarrhythmic Drug Use Among Patients in the United States Between 2004 and 2016.

F. Marchlinski, S. Nazarian, R. Deo, 2020, Circulation.

Modification of Late Potentials by Intracoronary Ethanol Infusion

G. Kay, A. Epstein, S. M. Dailey, 1992, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

Inability of the Signal‐Averaged Electrocardiogram to Determine Risk of Arrhythmia Recurrence in Patients with Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators

G. Kay, R. Shepard, K. Kirk, 1991, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

“Stable” Ventricular Tachycardia Is Not a Benign Rhythm: Insights From the Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) Registry

A. Hallstrom, J. Mcanulty, M. Raitt, 2001, Circulation.

Alert-Based ICD Follow-Up: A Model of Digitally Driven Remote Patient Monitoring.

N. Varma, C. Love, A. Epstein, 2021, JACC. Clinical electrophysiology.

Long-Term Outcome of Catheter Ablation for Treatment of Bundle Branch Re-Entrant Tachycardia.

D. Lin, F. Marchlinski, S. Dixit, 2018, JACC. Clinical electrophysiology.

Pediatric and Congenital lectrophysiology Society Clinical Competency Statement : raining pathways for implantation of cardioverter-defibrillators nd cardiac resynchronization therapy devices in pediatric and ongenital heart patients eveloped in collaboration with the American College of Cardiology

E. Rosenthal, J. Dimarco, M. Silka, 2008 .

A Comparison of ICD Implantations in the United States Versus Italy

S. Greenberg, A. Proclemer, A. Epstein, 2007, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators are still getting smarter: now a way to identify lead failure and prevent resultant inappropriate shocks.

A. Epstein, 2006, Heart rhythm.

An update on implantable cardioverter-defibrillator guidelines

A. Epstein, 2004, Current opinion in cardiology.

Automatic remote monitoring utilizing daily transmissions: transmission reliability and implantable cardioverter defibrillator battery longevity in the TRUST trial

R. Schweikert, N. Varma, C. Love, 2018, Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology.

Role of Automatic Wireless Remote Monitoring Immediately Following ICD Implant: The Lumos‐T Reduces Routine Office Device Follow‐Up Study (TRUST) Trial

R. Schweikert, N. Varma, C. Love, 2016, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

Outcome with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy for survivors of ventricular fibrillation secondary to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy or coronary artery disease without myocardial infarction.

H. Calkins, F. Marchlinski, J. Dimarco, 1993, The American journal of cardiology.

Evaluation of Antiarrhythmic Drug Efficacy in Patients with an ICD:

G. Breithardt, R. Campbell, J. Bigger, 1999, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

A novel cause of inappropriate subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapies after a generator change

Timothy M. Markman, T. Markman, A. Epstein, 2021, HeartRhythm case reports.

Evaluation of antiarrhythmic drug efficacy in patients with an ICD. Unlimited potential or replete with complexity and problems?

R. Campbell, A. Camm, J. Bigger, 1999, European heart journal.

Assessing Epicardial Substrate Using Intracardiac Echocardiography During VT Ablation

B. Desjardins, D. Lin, F. Marchlinski, 2011, Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology.

American Heart Association Atrial Fibrillation Research Summit: A Conference Report From the American Heart Association

Michael Jerosch-Herold, Susan Redline, Mark A Hlatky, 2011, Circulation.

Phenytoin in the Treatment of Inducible Ventricular Tachycardia: Results of Electrophysiologic Testing and Long‐Term FoUow‐Up

A. Waldo, R. Henthorn, A. Epstein, 1987, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

Etiologic considerations in the patient with syncope and an apparently normal heart.

W. Roberts, B. Grubb, E. Prystowsky, 2003, Archives of internal medicine.

Syncope while driving: how safe is safe?

A. Curtis, A. Epstein, 2009, Circulation.

Ventricular Tachycardia Originating From the Posterior Papillary Muscle in the Left Ventricle: A Distinct Clinical Syndrome

G. Kay, A. Epstein, V. Plumb, 2008, Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology.

Resetting of ventricular tachycardia by single extrastimuli. Relation to slow conduction within the reentrant circuit.

G. Kay, A. Epstein, V. Plumb, 1990, Circulation.

Noninvasive Programmed Ventricular Stimulation-Guided Management Following Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation.

D. Lin, F. Marchlinski, S. Dixit, 2019, JACC. Clinical electrophysiology.

Noninvasive programmed ventricular stimulation early after ventricular tachycardia ablation to predict risk of late recurrence.

D. Lin, F. Marchlinski, S. Dixit, 2012, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

Serial evaluations of myocardial infarct size after alcohol septal ablation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and effects of the changes on clinical status and left ventricular outflow pressure gradients.

J. Heo, A. Iskandrian, G. Perry, 2008, The American journal of cardiology.

Comparative effectiveness of antiarrhythmic drugs and catheter ablation for the prevention of recurrent ventricular tachycardia in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

F. Marchlinski, S. Dixit, D. Callans, 2016, Heart rhythm.

Arrhythmias after orthotopic cardiac transplantation. Prevalence and determinants during initial hospitalization and late follow-up.

G. Kay, J. Kirklin, A. Epstein, 1989, Circulation.

Hemodynamic and electrophysiologic effects of amlodipine, a new long-acting calcium antagonist: preliminary observations.

G. Kay, G. Vetrovec, A. Epstein, 1989, American heart journal.

No electrical instability after intracoronary streptokinase administered into sinus node or AV node of dogs.

T. N. James, A. Epstein, F. Urthaler, 1984, American heart journal.

Comparison of perception of health status by physicians, nurses, and patients in the Dual-chamber And VVI Implantable Defibrillator (DAVID) trial.

A. Skadsen, K. Ellenbogen, A. Epstein, 2004, The American journal of cardiology.

Catheter ablation of atrial arrhythmias following lung transplant: Electrophysiological findings and outcomes

D. Lin, F. Marchlinski, S. Dixit, 2020, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

Fatal postoperative amiodarone pulmonary toxicity.

G. Kay, J. Kirklin, A. Epstein, 1988, The American journal of cardiology.

Electrocardiographic and Electrophysiological Characteristics in Idiopathic Ventricular Arrhythmias Originating From the Papillary Muscles in the Left Ventricle: Relevance for Catheter Ablation

G. Kay, T. Murohara, Y. Inden, 2009, Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology.

Active Fixation Atrial Leads: Randomized Comparison of Two Lead Designs

G. Kay, A. Epstein, V. Plumb, 1989, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

COVID-19 and cardiac arrhythmias

B. Abella, D. Lin, F. Marchlinski, 2020, Heart Rhythm.

Practical Management Guide for Clinicians Who Treat Patients with Amiodarone.

Nora Goldschlager, Brian Olshansky, Gerald V Naccarelli, 2016, The American journal of medicine.

Amiodarone Discontinuation or Dose Reduction Following Catheter Ablation for Ventricular Tachycardia in Structural Heart Disease.

D. Lin, F. Marchlinski, S. Dixit, 2017, JACC. Clinical electrophysiology.

Nonvalvular Cardiovascular Device–Related Infections

Walter R Wilson, Larry M Baddour, A. Jacobs, 2003, Circulation.

Variant angina provoked by isoproterenol: an unusual cause of syncope.

A. Epstein, S. E. Jones, 1988, American heart journal.

Junctional AV ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy (JAVA-CRT): results of a multicenter randomized clinical trial pilot program

W. Zareba, C. Henrikson, J. Gorcsan, 2022, Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology.

When Is Bypass Surgery Enough? The Answer Is Still Uncertain

A. Epstein, 1994, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

Utility of intracardiac echocardiography during transvenous lead extraction.

F. Marchlinski, P. Santangeli, A. Epstein, 2017, Heart rhythm.

Cardiac arrest in patients without significant structural heart disease: A multicenter experience with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy

D. Cannom, R. Myerburg, C. Schuger, 1991 .

Idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias originating from the aortic root prevalence, electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic characteristics, and results of radiofrequency catheter ablation.

G. Kay, T. Murohara, Y. Inden, 2008, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

“Incessant” Atrioventricular (AV) Reciprocating Tachycardia Utilizing Left Lateral AV Bypass Pathway with a Long Retrograde Conduction Time

A. Waldo, K. Okumura, R. Henthorn, 1986, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

Gross and Microscopic Changes Associated with a Nonthoracotomy Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator

G. Kay, R. Shepard, A. Epstein, 1992, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

A Nurse‐Led Limited Risk Factor Modification Program to Address Obesity and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Atrial Fibrillation Patients

A. Pack, D. Lin, F. Marchlinski, 2018, Journal of the American Heart Association.

Circadian patterns in the occurrence of malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias triggering defibrillator interventions in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

M. Link, J. Hodges, B. Maron, 2009, Heart rhythm.

Impact of Body Mass Index on Safety and Efficacy of the Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator.

D. Callans, M. Burke, A. Epstein, 2018, JACC. Clinical electrophysiology.

Successful catheter ablation of premature ventricular contractions originating from the tricuspid annulus using a Halo-type catheter.

G. Kay, A. Epstein, V. Plumb, 2008, Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology.

QRS Morphology in Lead V1 for the Rapid Localization of Idiopathic Ventricular Arrhythmias Originating from The Left Ventricular Papillary Muscles: A Novel Electrocardiographic Criterion.

D. Lin, F. Marchlinski, S. Dixit, 2020, Heart rhythm.

Long‐Term Structural Failure of Coaxial Polyurethane Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Leads

Victor Parsonnet, Jay Gross, David L Hayes, 2002, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

Analysis and predictors of pulmonary vascular resistance after cardiac transplantation.

J. Kirklin, D. Naftel, A. Epstein, 1991, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

Effect of warfarin on outcomes in septuagenarian patients with atrial fibrillation.

G. Fonarow, W. Aronow, M. White, 2012, The American journal of cardiology.

Left Cardiac Sympathetic Denervation in the Management of High-Risk Patients Affected by the Long-QT Syndrome

S. Priori, A. Moss, P. Schwartz, 2004, Circulation.

M. Link, W. Stevenson, C. Tracy, 2012, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

Prophylactic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction: a pooled analysis of 10 primary prevention trials.

G. Kay, Douglas S. Lee, K. Nanthakumar, 2004, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

Prospective evaluation of transesophageal pacing for the interruption of atrial flutter.

G. Kay, A. Epstein, V. Plumb, 1989, The American journal of medicine.

MADIT Does Not Provide the Basis for Developing Therapeutic Strategy for Patients With Severely Depressed Ventricular Ejection Fraction With Nonsustained Ventricular Tachycardia

A. Epstein, 1997 .

Relative effectiveness of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and antiarrhythmic drugs in patients with varying degrees of left ventricular dysfunction who have survived malignant ventricular arrhythmias. AVID Investigators. Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators.

M. Brodsky, M. Domanski, A. Hallstrom, 1999, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

Association between ease of suppression of ventricular arrhythmia and survival.

Y. Pawitan, H. Kennedy, S. Goldstein, 1995, Circulation.

Efficacy and Safety of Automatic Remote Monitoring for Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Follow-Up: The Lumos-T Safely Reduces Routine Office Device Follow-Up (TRUST) Trial

R. Schweikert, N. Varma, C. Love, 2010, Circulation.

Efficacy of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators for the prevention of sudden death in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

M. Link, G. Boriani, J. Daubert, 2000, The New England journal of medicine.

Randomized controlled trial of ventricular tachycardia treatment by cooled tip catheter ablation vs drug therapy

H. Calkins, W. Stevenson, K. Ellenbogen, 1998 .

Preferential conduction across the ventricular outflow septum in ventricular arrhythmias originating from the aortic sinus cusp.

G. Kay, M. Hirai, T. Murohara, 2007, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

Characterization of Structural Changes in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy With Recurrent Ventricular Tachycardia After Ablation

D. Lin, F. Marchlinski, S. Dixit, 2020, Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology.

Rates of Adoption and Outcomes After Firmware Updates for FDA Cybersecurity Safety Advisories.

L. Epstein, N. Varma, L. Saxon, 2020, Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology.

Ventricular arrhythmias originating from the epicardial ventricular outflow tract complicated with peripartum cardiomyopathy

G. Kay, A. Epstein, V. Plumb, 2009, Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology.

Focal ventricular arrhythmias originating from the left ventricle adjacent to the membranous septum.

G. Kay, A. Epstein, V. Plumb, 2010, Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology.

Idiopathic Left Ventricular Arrhythmias Originating Adjacent to the Left Aortic Sinus of Valsalva: Electrophysiological Rationale for the Surface Electrocardiogram

G. Kay, T. Murohara, Y. Inden, 2010, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

Successful Transseptal Catheter Ablation of Premature Ventricular Contractions Arising from the Mitral Annulus: A Case with a Pure Annular Origin

G. Kay, A. Epstein, V. Plumb, 2009, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

Impact of a nurse‐led limited risk factor modification program on arrhythmia outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing catheter ablation

A. Pack, D. Lin, F. Marchlinski, 2020, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

Frequency of Symptomatic Atrial Fibrillation in Patients Enrolled in the Atrial Fibrillation Follow‐up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) Study

A. Curtis, K. Ellenbogen, H. Greene, 2002, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

Ablation of Ventricular Arrhythmias From the Left Ventricular Apex in Patients Without Ischemic Heart Disease.

D. Lin, F. Marchlinski, S. Dixit, 2020, JACC. Clinical electrophysiology.

Idiopathic Ventricular Arrhythmias Originating from the Papillary Muscles in the Left Ventricle: Prevalence, Electrocardiographic and Electrophysiological Characteristics, and Results of the Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation

G. Kay, T. Murohara, Y. Inden, 2010, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

Intracoronary ethanol ablation for the treatment of recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia.

G. Kay, R. Bubien, A. Epstein, 1992, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

Long‐term outcome and mode of recurrence following noninducibility during noninvasive programmed stimulation after ventricular tachycardia ablation

D. Lin, F. Marchlinski, S. Dixit, 2019, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

Effect of Transcutaneous Magnetic Stimulation in Patients With Ventricular Tachycardia Storm: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

D. Lin, F. Marchlinski, D. Callans, 2022, JAMA cardiology.

Simultaneous use of an implanted defibrillator and ventricular assist device.

R. Shepard, A. Epstein, R. Bourge, 1997, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

Failure of Elective Replacement Indicator to Predict End‐of‐Life of the Automatic Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillator

R. Shepard, D. McGiffin, J. Kirklin, 1988, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

R. Kerber, E. Antman, J. Alpert, 2002, Circulation.

Successful catheter ablation of epicardial ventricular tachycardia worsened by cardiac resynchronization therapy.

Performance of the St. Jude Medical Riata leads.

S. Greenberg, J. Baker, A. Epstein, 2009, Heart rhythm.

Reflections on the lowly PVC.

D. Callans, A. Epstein, 2015, Heart rhythm.

Evaluation of Radiofrequency Ablation Irrigation Type: In Vivo Comparison of Normal Versus Half-Normal Saline Lesion Characteristics.

F. Marchlinski, S. Dixit, D. Callans, 2020, JACC. Clinical electrophysiology.

Response to the Letter:

A. Epstein, 2005 .

PR/RR Interval Ratio During Rapid Atrial Pacing:

G. Kay, J. Baker, A. Epstein, 1996, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

Successful catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in a patient with dextrocardia.

CASE REPORT Successful catheter ablation of atrial ﬁbrillation in a patient with dextrocardia

G. Kay, A. Epstein, V. Plumb, 2008 .

Analysis of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Therapy in the Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) Trial

D. Wyse, B. Wilkoff, A. Hallstrom, 2003, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

Effect of catheter ablation of the atrioventricular junction on quality of life and exercise tolerance in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.

G. Kay, R. Bubien, A. Epstein, 1988, The American journal of cardiology.

Cardiovascular Advisory Panel Guidelines for the Medical Examination of Commercial Motor Vehicle Drivers

B. Gersh, R. Blumenthal, A. Epstein, 2002 .

A practical guide for clinicians who treat patients with amiodarone: 2007.

H. Collard, N. Goldschlager, B. Olshansky, 2007, Heart rhythm.

Practical guidelines for clinicians who treat patients with amiodarone. Practice Guidelines Subcommittee, North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology.

N. Goldschlager, B. Olshansky, A. Epstein, 2000, Archives of internal medicine.

Dual-chamber pacing or ventricular backup pacing in patients with an implantable defibrillator: the Dual Chamber and VVI Implantable Defibrillator (DAVID) Trial.

David O. Martin, M. Chung, Arjun D. Sharma, 2002, JAMA.

Torsade de Pointes and T‐U Wave Alternans Associated with Arsenic Poisoning

G. Kay, A. Epstein, R. Little, 1990, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

Posterior Left Thoracic Cardiac Sympathectomy by Surgical Division of the Sympathetic Chain: An Alternative Approach to Treatment of the Long QT Syndrome

M. Rosner, G. Kay, J. Baker, 1996, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

Relationships Between Sinus Rhythm, Treatment, and Survival in the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-Up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) Study

M. Domanski, N. Geller, Y. Rosenberg, 2004, Circulation.

Resumption of Electrical Conduction in Previously Isolated Pulmonary Veins: Rationale for a Different Strategy?

Kumaraswamy Nanthakumar, G. Neal Kay, Andrew E. Epstein, 2004, Circulation.

Hemodynamic effects of an irregular sequence of ventricular cycle lengths during atrial fibrillation.

G. Kay, A. Epstein, V. Plumb, 1997, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

Harlan M Krumholz, Joseph P Ornato, Mark A Hlatky, 2008, Circulation.

ACC/AHA GUIDELINES FOR IMPLANTATION OF CARDIAC PACEMAKERS AND ANTI ARRHYTHMIA DEVICES : EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Mark A. Hlatky, Roger A. Freedman, Michael J. Silka, 1998 .

ACC/AHA Guidelines for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices: Executive Summary--a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Pacemaker Implantation).

M A Hlatky, G. Gregoratos, T. Ferguson, 1998, Circulation.

ACC/AHA guidelines for implantation of cardiac pacemakers and antiarrhythmia devices: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Pacemaker Implantation).

R. Gibbons, K. Eagle, T. Ryan, 1998, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

Persistent Opioid Use After Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Procedures

F. Marchlinski, S. Dixit, D. Callans, 2021, Circulation.

The Changing Academic Environment Due to Reimbursement Issues: Effect on Teaching, Clinical Research, and Patient Care

A. Epstein, 2000 .

767-4 Elevated Defibrillation Threshold When Right-Sided Venous Access is Used for Nonthoracotomy ICD Lead Implantation

G. Kay, A. Epstein, V. Plumb, 1995 .

Proarrhythmic Aspects of Atrial Fibrillation Surgery: Mechanisms of Postoperative Macroreentrant Tachycardias

G. Kay, D. McGiffin, K. Nanthakumar, 2008, Circulation.

Electrophysiologic and electrocardiographic characteristics and radiofrequency catheter ablation of focal atrial tachycardia originating from the left atrial appendage.

G. Kay, M. Hirai, T. Murohara, 2007, Heart rhythm.

Catheter ablation of focal triggers and drivers of atrial fibrillation.

G. Kay, A. Epstein, V. Plumb, 2008, Journal of electrocardiology.

Radiofrequency ablation for treatment of primary atrial tachycardias.

G. Kay, A. Epstein, S. M. Dailey, 1993, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

Further observations on transient entrainment: importance of pacing site and properties of the components of the reentry circuit.

A L Waldo, A. Waldo, K. Okumura, 1985, Circulation.

A prospective evaluation of intracoronary ethanol ablation of the atrioventricular conduction system.

G. Kay, R. Bubien, A. Epstein, 1991, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

Marked reduction in internal atrial defibrillation thresholds with dual-current pathways and sequential shocks in humans.

R. Ideker, G. Kay, A. Epstein, 1998, Circulation.

From the American Heart Association American Heart Association Atrial Fibrillation Research Summit: A Conference Report

Randall G. Brockman, E. Benjamin, P. Ellinor, 2013 .

Alternative endpoints for mortality in studies of patients with atrial fibrillation: the AFFIRM study experience.

B. Gersh, D. Wyse, H. Greene, 2004, Heart rhythm.

Reviewers ’ Disclosures

C. Morillo, J. Goldberger, K. Ellenbogen, 2006 .

Scientific Statement on the Evaluation of Syncope From the American Heart Association Councils on Clinical Cardiology , Cardiovascular Nursing , Cardiovascular Disease in the Young , and Stroke , and the Quality of Care and Outcomes

C. Morillo, J. Goldberger, K. Ellenbogen, 2006 .

Class IC antiarrhythmic drugs for suspected premature ventricular contraction-induced cardiomyopathy.

D. Lin, F. Marchlinski, S. Dixit, 2018, Heart rhythm.

Lack of evidence of increased mortality among patients with atrial fibrillation taking digoxin: findings from post hoc propensity-matched analysis of the AFFIRM trial.

J. Cleland, M. Gheorghiade, S. Anker, 2013, European heart journal.

Rate-control versus rhythm-control strategies and outcomes in septuagenarians with atrial fibrillation.

M. Rich, M. Banach, W. Aronow, 2013, The American journal of medicine.

Highlights of Heart Rhythm 2005, the Annual Scientific Sessions of the Heart Rhythm Society, May 4-7, 2005, New Orleans, Louisiana.

S. Hohnloser, W. Stevenson, B. Lindsay, 2005, Heart Rhythm.

Recurrent Stroke With Rivaroxaban Compared With Aspirin According to Predictors of Atrial Fibrillation: Secondary Analysis of the NAVIGATE ESUS Randomized Clinical Trial.

J. Healey, S. Connolly, D. Gladstone, 2019, JAMA neurology.

Pharmacologic prophylaxis: American College of Chest Physicians guidelines for the prevention and management of postoperative atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery.

E. Prystowsky, L. Creswell, E. Daoud, 2005, Chest.

Prophylactic Value of Beta Blockers

Javier E. Sanchez, A. Epstein, 2000 .

Diagnosis and treatment of arrhythmias during and following open heart surgery.

A. Waldo, R. Henthorn, A. Epstein, 1984, The Medical clinics of North America.

Decrease in fluoroscopic cardiac silhouette excursion precedes hemodynamic compromise in intraprocedural tamponade.

R. Ideker, G. Kay, William M. Smith, 2005, Heart rhythm.

Non‐Pulmonary Vein Epicardial Foci of Atrial Fibrillation Identified in the Left Atrium after Pulmonary Vein Isolation

M. Hirai, T. Murohara, Y. Inden, 2007, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

Electrophysiological Findings in Adolescents With Atrial Fibrillation Who Have Structurally Normal Hearts

G. Kay, K. Nanthakumar, A. Epstein, 2004, Circulation.

M. Link, W. Stevenson, C. Tracy, 2012, Circulation.

American College of Chest Physicians Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery

W. Maisel, D. Gutterman, J. Wharton, 2015 .

Implantable loop recorder for augmenting detection of new-onset atrial fibrillation after typical atrial flutter ablation

S. Dixit, R. Deo, A. Epstein, 2021, Heart rhythm O2.

Risk of stroke and atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency catheter ablation of typical atrial flutter.

D. Lin, S. Dixit, R. Deo, 2012, Heart rhythm.

Cardiovascular preparticipation screening of competitive athletes. A statement for health professionals from the Sudden Death Committee (clinical cardiology) and Congenital Cardiac Defects Committee (cardiovascular disease in the young), American Heart Association.

D. Atkins, W. Strong, B. Maron, 1996, Circulation.

Electroanatomic mapping in the catheter ablation of premature atrial contractions with a non-pulmonary vein origin.

G. Kay, T. Murohara, A. Epstein, 2008, Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology.

The ablation of recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia by intracoronary ethanol infusion

G. Kay, A. Epstein, V. Plumb, 1990 .

Rate-modulated cardiac pacing based on transthoracic impedance measurements of minute ventilation: correlation with exercise gas exchange.

G. Kay, R. Bubien, A. Epstein, 1989, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 guidelines for Device-Based Therapy of Cardiac Rhythm Abnormalities: executive summary.

Mark A Hlatky, David L Hayes, Gabriel Gregoratos, 2008, Heart rhythm.

ACC / AHA / NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices

David L. Hayes, Michael J. Silka, Valentin Fuster, 2002 .

Endocardial wave front organization during ventricular fibrillation in humans.

R. Ideker, G. Kay, J. Rogers, 2002, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

Adjudication of mortality events in a heart failure–arrhythmia trial by a multiparameter descriptive method: Comparison with methods used in heart failure trials and methods used in arrhythmia trials

Mark D. Carlson, Andrew E. Epstein, J. Boehmer, 2008, Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology.

The risk of atrial fibrillation following radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial flutter.

G. Kay, A. Epstein, V. Plumb, 1995, Circulation.

Anticoagulation: American College of Chest Physicians guidelines for the prevention and management of postoperative atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery.

W. Maisel, D. Gutterman, J. Wharton, 2005, Chest.

The role of cardiac pacing: American College of Chest Physicians guidelines for the prevention and management of postoperative atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery.

W. Maisel, A. Epstein, 2005, Chest.

Highlights of Heart Rhythm 2006, the Annual Scientific Sessions of the Heart Rhythm Society: May 17 to 20, 2006, in Boston, Massachusetts

S. Hohnloser, W. Stevenson, B. Lindsay, 2006 .

Aha Conference Proceedings American Heart Association Atrial Fibrillation Research Summit a Conference Report from the American Heart Association Mechanisms of Af: Basic and Translational Science and Genetics

Randall G. Brockman, M. Ezekowitz, E. Benjamin, 2011 .

Selective Radiofrequency Ablation of the Slow Pathway for the Treatment of Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia: Evidence for Involvement of Perinodal Myocardium Within the Reentrant Circuit

G. Kay, A. Epstein, S. M. Dailey, 1992, Circulation.

Gross and microscopic pathological changes associated with nonthoracotomy implantable defibrillator leads.

P G Anderson, G. Kay, A. Epstein, 1998, Circulation.

New insights into the definition and meaning of proarrhythmia during initiation of antiarrhythmic drug therapy from the cardiac arrhythmia suppression trial and its pilot study

P. Denes, D. Wyse, A. Hallstrom, 1994 .

Impact of laboratory molecular diagnosis on contemporary diagnostic criteria for genetically transmitted cardiovascular diseases:hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, long-QT syndrome, and Marfan syndrome. A statement for healthcare professionals from the Councils on Clinical Cardiology, Cardiovascular Disea

A. Moss, J. Towbin, B. Maron, 1998, Circulation.

M. Link, W. Stevenson, C. Tracy, 2013, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

Intermediate-term results of the endocardial surgical approach for anomalous atrioventricular bypass tracts.

G. Kay, D. McGiffin, J. Kirklin, 1988, American heart journal.

American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever , Endocarditis , and Kawasaki Disease

A. Bolger, J. Newburger, B. Knight, 2010 .

Influence of patient characteristics in the selection of patients for defibrillator implantation (the AVID Registry). Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators.

D. Cannom, A. Curtis, A. Hallstrom, 1997, The American journal of cardiology.

38 – Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Programming and Troubleshooting

A. Epstein, M. Riley, Michael P. Riley, 2017 .

Events in the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST): mortality in the entire population enrolled.

J. Bigger, D. Wyse, R. Reynolds-Haertle, 1991, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and prevention of sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

M. Link, G. Boriani, J. Daubert, 2007, JAMA.

Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID)--rationale, design, and methods.

M. Domanski, D. Wyse, A. Hallstrom, 1995, The American journal of cardiology.

Automatic Remote Monitoring of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Lead and Generator Performance: The Lumos-T Safely RedUceS RouTine Office Device Follow-Up (TRUST) Trial

R. Schweikert, N. Varma, A. Epstein, 2010, Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology.

Follow-Up ( TRUST ) Trial Cardioverter-Defibrillator Follow-Up : The Lumos-T Safely Reduces Routine Efficacy and Safety of Automatic Remote Monitoring for Implantable

Niraj Varma, Andrew E. Epstein, R. Schweikert, 2010 .

Update on primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy

A. Epstein, 2009, Current cardiology reports.

Prospective long-term evaluation of Optim-insulated (Riata ST Optim and Durata) implantable cardioverter-defibrillator leads.

J. Pogue, J. Healey, S. Connolly, 2014, Heart rhythm.

Design and results of the antiarrhythmics vs implantable defibrillators (AVID) registry. The AVID Investigators.

Y. Rosenberg, D. Cannom, A. Hallstrom, 1999, Circulation.

Flecainide for pediatric arrhythmias: Do children behave like little adults?

A. Epstein, 1989 .

Reversal of Pacing-Induced Cardiomyopathy Following Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy.

D. Lin, F. Marchlinski, S. Dixit, 2018, JACC. Clinical electrophysiology.

Paradoxical effects of exercise on the QT interval in patients with polymorphic ventricular tachycardia receiving type Ia antiarrhythmic agents.

A. Kadish, H. Weisman, M. Slepian, 1990, Circulation.

A C OMPARISON OF B IPHASIC AND M ONOPHASIC S HOCKS FOR E XTERNAL D EFIBRILLATION

H. Greene, S. Higgins, J. Herre, 2000 .

Preferential effect of procainamide on the reentrant circuit of ventricular tachycardia.

G. Kay, A. Epstein, V. Plumb, 1989, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

Classification of death in antiarrhythmia trials.

F. Venditti, S. Higgins, A. Epstein, 1996, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

Chapter 76 – Ventricular Fibrillation

A. Epstein, Andrew E. Epstein, 2004 .

Relation of 12-lead electrocardiogram patterns to implanted defibrillator-terminated ventricular tachyarrhythmias in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

M. Link, J. Daubert, B. Maron, 2009, The American journal of cardiology.

Comparison of arrhythmia recurrence in patients presenting with ventricular fibrillation versus ventricular tachycardia in the Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) trial.

James Coromilas, Karen Beckman, D. Wyse, 2003, The American journal of cardiology.

Mortality following ventricular arrhythmia suppression by encainide, flecainide, and moricizine after myocardial infarction. The original design concept of the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST).

W. Rogers, D. Wyse, A. Hallstrom, 1993, JAMA.

Sudden Cardiac Death: Lessons Learned from Cardiac Implantable Rhythm Devices.

P. Santangeli, A. Epstein, 2017, Cardiac electrophysiology clinics.

Subject of the year: Who are we missing, who are we overtreating, and who is best served? Refining the prescription of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy

A. Epstein, 2009, Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology.

Longitudinal electrocardiographic assessment in Brugada syndrome

D. Lin, F. Marchlinski, S. Dixit, 2022, Heart rhythm O2.

A summary of the update on cardiovascular implantable electronic device infections and their management: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association.

A. Bolger, J. Newburger, B. Knight, 2011, Journal of the American Dental Association.

From the American Heart Association Their Management : A Scientific Statement Implantable Electronic Device Infections and A Summary of the Update on Cardiovascular

A. Bolger, B. Knight, L. Baddour, 2011 .

Management: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Update on Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device Infections and Their

A. Bolger, J. Newburger, B. Knight, 2010 .

Personal and public safety issues related to arrhythmias that may affect consciousness: implications for regulation and physician recommendations. A medical/scientific statement from the American Heart Association and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology.

B L Wilkoff, F. Marchlinski, E. Prystowsky, 1996, Circulation.

Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator prescription in the elderly.

S. Shkurovich, G. Kay, A. Epstein, 2009, Heart rhythm.

A Shocking Case of Pseudoephedrine Use

A. Epstein, D. Goldstein, 1999, Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology.

"Please implant a defibrillator in my patient": it's déjà vu all over again.

A. Epstein, 2012, Heart rhythm.

Clinical Controversies in Device Therapy for Cardiac Arrhythmias

A. Epstein, J. Steinberg, 2019 .

The influence of ventricular fibrillation duration on defibrillation efficacy using biphasic waveforms in humans.

R. Ideker, G. Kay, S. Windecker, 1999, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

Ventricular arrhythmias: device therapy and ablation.

A. Epstein, J. Man, 2012, Clinics in geriatric medicine.

Efficacy of pulmonary vein isolation in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation patients with a Brugada electrocardiogram.

G. Kay, T. Murohara, Y. Inden, 2008, Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society.

30 – Troubleshooting of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators

A. Epstein, M. Riley, Michael P. Riley, 2011 .

Electrical Noise Artifact: From Without or Within?

A. Epstein, V. Plumb, J. S. Allison, 2007, Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology.

Chapter 25 – Troubleshooting of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators

Andrew E. Epstein, A. Epstein, 2007 .

Failure of One Conductor in a Nonthoracotomy Implantable Defibrillator Lead Causing Inappropriate Sensing and Potentially Ineffective Shock Delivery

R. Shepard, A. Epstein, 1993, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

Pacing Threshold Spikes Months and Years After Implant

R. Shepard, A. Epstein, L. Bargeron, 1991, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

Energy levels for defibrillation: what is of real clinical importance?

R. Ideker, P. Fotuhi, A. Epstein, 1999, The American journal of cardiology.

Ventricular fibrillation and defibrillation--what are the major unresolved issues?

R. Ideker, G. Walcott, A. Epstein, 2005, Heart rhythm.

Incidence and predictors of right ventricular pacing-induced cardiomyopathy.

D. Lin, F. Marchlinski, S. Khurshid, 2014, Heart rhythm.

Clinical assessment and management of patients with implanted cardioverter-defibrillators presenting to nonelectrophysiologists.

David L Hayes, Kenneth A Ellenbogen, W. Stevenson, 2004, Circulation.

Arrhythmias in advanced heart failure are a bad sign-but of what?

D. Callans, A. Epstein, 2016, Heart rhythm.

Comparison of endocardial and epicardial programmed stimulation for the induction of ventricular tachycardia.

G. Kay, D. McGiffin, J. Kirklin, 1989, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

Prospective long-term follow-up of silicone-polyurethane–insulated implantable cardioverter-defibrillator leads

J. Healey, S. Connolly, E. Themeles, 2021, Heart rhythm O2.

A comparison of the AVID and DAVID trials of implantable defibrillators.

Arjun D. Sharma, B. Wilkoff, A. Hallstrom, 2005, The American journal of cardiology.

Symptomatic spinal epidural lipomatosis as a complication of steroid immunosuppression in cardiac transplant patients. Report of two cases.

J. Kirklin, R. Morawetz, A. Epstein, 1987, Journal of neurosurgery.

Demonstration of the presence of slow conduction during sustained ventricular tachycardia in man: use of transient entrainment of the tachycardia.

A. Waldo, K. Okumura, B. Olshansky, 1987, Circulation.

Wearable cardioverter-defibrillator use in patients perceived to be at high risk early post-myocardial infarction.

S. Solomon, S. Szymkiewicz, K. Kern, 2013, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

Catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia in patients with structural heart disease using cooled radiofrequency energy: results of a prospective multicenter study. Cooled RF Multi Center Investigators Group.

H. Calkins, W. Stevenson, D. Packer, 2000, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

Nonvalvular cardiovascular device-related infections.

Walter R Wilson, Larry M Baddour, A. Jacobs, 2004, Clinical Infectious Diseases.

Cardiovascular preparticipation screening of competitive athletes: addendum: an addendum to a statement for health professionals from the Sudden Death Committee (Council on Clinical Cardiology) and the Congenital Cardiac Defects Committee (Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young), American He

D. Atkins, W. Strong, B. Maron, 1998, Circulation.

Duplicated coronary sinus with a connecting branch.

One-puncture, double-transseptal catheterization manoeuvre in the catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation.

G. Kay, A. Epstein, V. Plumb, 2007, Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology.

Incidence of reentry with an excitable gap in ventricular tachycardia: a prospective evaluation utilizing transient entrainment.

G. Kay, A. Epstein, V. Plumb, 1988, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

Region of slow conduction in sustained ventricular tachycardia: direct endocardial recordings and functional characterization in humans.

G. Kay, A. Epstein, V. Plumb, 1988, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

Antiarrhythmic Agents

A. Kadish, H. Weisman, M. Slepian, 2005 .

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. A quantitative morphometric analysis of surgical anatomy.

G. Kay, J. Kirklin, A. Epstein, 1992, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

Environmental and drug effects on patients with pacemakers and implantable cardioverter/defibrillators: a practical guide to patient treatment.

E. Gang, P. Friedman, N. Goldschlager, 2001, Archives of internal medicine.

Race and stroke in an atrial fibrillation inception cohort: Findings from the Penn Atrial Fibrillation Free study.

F. Marchlinski, J. Levine, R. Katz, 2018, Heart rhythm.

Feasibility of complex transfemoral electrophysiology procedures in patients with inferior vena cava filters.

D. Lin, F. Marchlinski, S. Trerotola, 2019, Heart rhythm.

Pharmacologic control of ventricular rate: American College of Chest Physicians guidelines for the prevention and management of postoperative atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery.

E. Bass, E. Martinez, A. Epstein, 2005, Chest.

Debulking Infection: Do What's Right, Save What's Left.

A. Epstein, R. Schaller, 2020, JACC. Clinical electrophysiology.

Periprocedural Acute Kidney Injury in Patients With Structural Heart Disease Undergoing Catheter Ablation of VT.

D. Lin, F. Marchlinski, S. Dixit, 2020, JACC. Clinical electrophysiology.

The management of atrial fibrillation.

K. Ellenbogen, A. Epstein, D. Gilligan, 1996, The American journal of medicine.

Impact of Left Ventricular Papillary Muscle Ventricular Arrhythmia Ablation on Mitral Valve Function.

D. Lin, F. Marchlinski, S. Dixit, 2021, JACC. Clinical electrophysiology.

Evidence for Longitudinal and Transverse Fiber Conduction in Human Pulmonary Veins: Relevance for Catheter Ablation

G. Kay, Javier E. Sanchez, A. Epstein, 2003, Circulation.

Radiofrequency catheter ablation of the slow pathway for atrioventricular nodal reentry in a patient with an obstructed inferior vena cava

G. Kay, A. Epstein, V. Plumb, 2008, Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology.

Evidence for a central site of action to explain the negative chronotropic effect of atropine: studies on the human transplanted heart.

G. Kay, B. Hirschowitz, J. Kirklin, 1990, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

Optimal QT interval correction formula in sinus tachycardia for identifying cardiovascular and mortality risk: Findings from the Penn Atrial Fibrillation Free study.

F. Marchlinski, D. Callans, R. Deo, 2016, Heart rhythm.

The wearable cardioverter-defibrillator: current technology and evolving indications

Haran Burri, Marc A. Vos, Bulent Gorenek, 2017, Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology.

Radiofrequency ablation of accessory pathways

G. Kay, G. Crossley, A. Epstein, 1991 .

Multicenter experience with failed and recalled implantable cardioverter-defibrillator pulse generators.

D. Cannom, D. Hayes, A. Epstein, 2006, Heart rhythm.

Leadless Pacemakers and the Tricuspid Valve.

A. Epstein, Jeffrey S. Arkles, 2019, Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology.

Abstract 12521: Assessing Arrhythmia Burden After Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation by a Subcutaneous Implantable Loop Recorder: ABACUS Study

D. Lin, F. Marchlinski, S. Dixit, 2011 .

Hybrid Ablation in the Arms Race for the Treatment of AF

D. Callans, A. Epstein, 2015, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

Reply to the Editor

A. Epstein, 1994 .