D. Volyniuk

A. Tomkeviciene, J. Gražulevičius, Z. Hotra, 2012, Proceedings of International Conference on Modern Problem of Radio Engineering, Telecommunications and Computer Science.

Polymers Containing Diphenylvinyl-Substituted Indole Rings as Charge-Transporting Materials for OLEDs

J. Gražulevičius, D. Volyniuk, S. Grigalevicius, 2016, Journal of Electronic Materials.

Application of the Suzuki-Miyaura Reaction for the Postfunctionalization of the Benzo[4,5]thiazolo[3,2- c][1,3,5,2]oxadiazaborinine Core: An Approach toward Fluorescent Dyes.

J. Gražulevičius, D. Volyniuk, R. Luboradzki, 2019, The Journal of organic chemistry.

Twin compounds of phenylethenyl substituted indole as efficient materials for electroluminescent devices

J. Gražulevičius, Z. Xie, Bao-wen Zhang, 2016 .

Polyethers with pendent phenylvinyl substituted carbazole rings as polymers for hole transporting layers of OLEDs

J. Gražulevičius, Z. Xie, Bao-wen Zhang, 2016 .

Synthesis of fused chalcogenophenocarbazoles: towards dual emission resulting from hybridized local and charge-transfer states

J. Gražulevičius, P. Arsenyan, S. Belyakov, 2020 .

Methoxycarbazolyl-disubstituted dibenzofuranes as holes- and electrons-transporting hosts for phosphorescent and TADF-based OLEDs

J. Gražulevičius, D. Gudeika, D. Volyniuk, 2020 .

Phenylvinyl-Substituted Carbazole Twin Compounds as Efficient Materials for the Charge-Transporting Layers of OLED Devices

J. Gražulevičius, D. Volyniuk, G. Kručaité, 2015, Journal of Electronic Materials.

Methoxy- and tert-butyl-substituted meta-bis(N-carbazolyl)phenylenes as hosts for organic light-emitting diodes

Jiu-Haw Lee, J. Gražulevičius, Chi-feng Lin, 2019, Organic Electronics.

BaZrO3 perovskite nanoparticles as emissive material for organic/inorganic hybrid light-emitting diodes

H. Ågren, J. Gražulevičius, O. Aksimentyeva, 2017 .

Influence of methoxy substitution on the properties of 9,9-fluorenylidene-linked triphenylamine derivatives

J. Gražulevičius, V. Jankauskas, D. Volyniuk, 2015 .

Reversibly Switchable Phase-Dependent Emission of Quinoline and Phenothiazine Derivatives Towards Applications in Optical Sensing and Information Multi-Coding.

J. Gražulevičius, A. Lazauskas, D. Volyniuk, 2020, Chemistry.

Contribution Of Fluorescence And Exciplex Emission Into Efficient White OLED

J. Gražulevičius, Z. Hotra, D. Volyniuk, 2020, 2020 IEEE 15th International Conference on Advanced Trends in Radioelectronics, Telecommunications and Computer Engineering (TCSET).

meta-Substituted benzophenones as multifunctional electroactive materials for OLEDs

Jiu-Haw Lee, J. Gražulevičius, D. Volyniuk, 2020 .

An experimental and theoretical study of exciplex-forming compounds containing trifluorobiphenyl and 3,6-di-tert-butylcarbazole units and their performance in OLEDs

J. Gražulevičius, P. Skabara, D. Volyniuk, 2020, Journal of Materials Chemistry C.

Molecular glasses based on 1,8-naphthalimide and triphenylamine moieties as bipolar red fluorescent OLED emitters with conventional versus TADF hosting.

J. Gražulevičius, D. Lyakhov, D. Volyniuk, 2022, Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.

Theoretical and experimental insights into the properties of donor–σ–acceptor type derivatives of quinoxaline and methanone containing different donor moieties

J. Gražulevičius, D. Lyakhov, D. Volyniuk, 2022, New Journal of Chemistry.

Derivatives of Imidazole and Carbazole as Bifunctional Materials for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

J. Gražulevičius, D. Volyniuk, R. Keruckiene, 2022, Materials.

Synthesis and properties of quinazoline-based versatile exciplex-forming compounds

J. Gražulevičius, D. Volyniuk, Eigirdas Skuodis, 2020, Beilstein journal of organic chemistry.

Human-eyes-friendly white electroluminescence from solution-processable hybrid OLEDs exploiting new iridium (III) complex containing benzoimidazophenanthridine ligand

J. Gražulevičius, D. Volyniuk, J. Simokaitienė, 2020 .

Organolithium-Mediated Postfunctionalization of Thiazolo[3,2-c][1,3,5,2]oxadiazaborinine Fluorescent Dyes

J. Gražulevičius, D. Volyniuk, R. Luboradzki, 2020, The Journal of organic chemistry.

Structure-properties relationship of the derivatives of carbazole and 1,8-naphthalimide: Effects of the substitution and the linking topology

S. Juršėnas, J. Gražulevičius, D. Gudeika, 2015 .

OLEDs based on the emission of interface and bulk exciplexes formed by cyano-substituted carbazole derivative

A. Tomkeviciene, J. Gražulevičius, Laura Pečiulytė, 2017 .

A rare example of a compact heteroleptic cyclometalated iridium(iii) complex demonstrating well-separated dual emission.

G. Starova, S. Tunik, Anastasia Gitlina, 2018, Dalton transactions.

An Ambipolar BODIPY Derivative for a White Exciplex OLED and Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Laser toward Multifunctional Devices.

Vladyslav Cherpak, Enrico Angioni, Pavlo Stakhira, 2017, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

Through-space charge transfer in luminophore based on phenyl-linked carbazole- and phthalimide moieties utilized in cyan-emitting OLEDs

A. Tomkeviciene, J. Gražulevičius, D. Volyniuk, 2020 .

Carbazole-modified thiazolo[3,2-c][1,3,5,2]oxadiazaborinines exhibiting aggregation-induced emission and mechanofluorochromism.

J. Gražulevičius, Volodymyr Sashuk, D. Volyniuk, 2020, Organic & biomolecular chemistry.

Thianthrene and acridan-substituted benzophenone or diphenylsulfone: Effect of triplet harvesting via TADF and phosphorescence on efficiency of all-organic OLEDS

A. Tomkeviciene, J. Gražulevičius, D. Volyniuk, 2019, Organic Electronics.

Differently substituted benzothiadiazoles as charge-transporting emitters for fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes

S. Juršėnas, J. Gražulevičius, D. Gudeika, 2019, Dyes and Pigments.

Stimuli-Responsive Phenothiazine-S,S-dioxide-Based Nondoped OLEDs with Color-Changeable Electroluminescence

J. Gražulevičius, R. Misra, F. Khan, 2022, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C.

Aggregation‐Induced Emission‐Active Carbazolyl‐Modified Benzo[4,5]thiazolo[3,2‐ c ]oxadiazaborinines as Mechanochromic Fluorescent Materials

J. Gražulevičius, A. Lazauskas, D. Volyniuk, 2021 .

Benzoselenophenylpyridine platinum complexes: green versus red phosphorescence towards hybrid OLEDs.

H. Ågren, J. Gražulevičius, G. Baryshnikov, 2020, Dalton transactions.

Adjustment of electronic and emissive properties of indolocarbazoles for non-doped OLEDs and cholesteric liquid crystal lasers

J. Gražulevičius, V. Fitio, Y. Nastishin, 2021 .

Mechanochromic Materials Based on Tetraphenylethylene-Substituted Phenothiazines: Substituent-Dependent Hypsochromic and Bathochromic Switching of Emission

J. Gražulevičius, R. Misra, F. Khan, 2023, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C.

Dual versus normal TADF of pyridines ornamented with multiple donor moieties and their performance in OLEDs

J. Gražulevičius, P. Arsenyan, S. Belyakov, 2021 .

BODIPY associates in organic matrices: Spectral properties, photostability and evaluation as OLED emitters

J. Gražulevičius, A. Pushkarev, E. Rumyantsev, 2017 .

Aggregation-induced emission enhancement in charge-transporting derivatives of carbazole and tetra(tri)phenylethylene

A. Tomkeviciene, J. Gražulevičius, D. Volyniuk, 2017 .

Structure-properties relationship of carbazole and fluorene hybrid trimers: experimental and theoretical approaches.

A. Tomkeviciene, J. Gražulevičius, V. Jankauskas, 2014, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

1,4-Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene as a New Acceptor for the Design and Synthesis of Emitters Exhibiting Efficient Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence and Electroluminescence: Experimental and Computational Guiding

J. Gražulevičius, K. Woon, A. Ariffin, 2022, Journal of Materials Chemistry C.

Covalently linked water-soluble fullerene–fluorescein dyads as highly efficient photosensitizers: Synthesis, photophysical properties and photochemical action

J. Gražulevičius, P. Troshin, A. Zhilenkov, 2019, Dyes and Pigments.

Non-covalent complexes of polycationic fullerene C60 derivative with xanthene dyes – Spectral and photochemical properties in water and in liposomes

J. Gražulevičius, P. Troshin, A. Belik, 2017 .

Multifunctional derivatives of dimethoxy-substituted triphenylamine containing different acceptor moieties

J. Gražulevičius, J. Bouclé, B. Schmaltz, 2020, SN Applied Sciences.

Multifunctional derivatives of dimethoxy-substituted triphenylamine containing different acceptor moieties

J. Gražulevičius, J. Bouclé, B. Schmaltz, 2020 .

Exciplex-Enhanced Singlet Emission Efficiency of Nondoped Organic Light Emitting Diodes Based on Derivatives of Tetrafluorophenylcarbazole and Tri/Tetraphenylethylene Exhibiting Aggregation-Induced Emission Enhancement

J. Gražulevičius, D. Gudeika, D. Volyniuk, 2018, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C.

Bipolar highly solid-state luminescent phenanthroimidazole derivatives as materials for blue and white organic light emitting diodes exploiting either monomer, exciplex or electroplex emission

J. Gražulevičius, R. Lygaitis, D. Gudeika, 2017 .

Can attachment of tert-butyl substituents to methoxycarbazole moiety induce efficient TADF in diphenylsulfone-based blue OLED emitters?

H. Ågren, J. Gražulevičius, G. Baryshnikov, 2020 .

Turn on of Room Temperature Phosphorescence of Donor-Acceptor-Donor type compounds via Transformation of Excited States by Rigid Hosts for Oxygen Sensing

J. Gražulevičius, M. Lapkowski, K. Woon, 2023, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical.

Multifunctional derivatives of donor-substituted perfluorobiphenyl for OLEDs and optical oxygen sensors

A. Tomkeviciene, J. Gražulevičius, D. Volyniuk, 2021 .

Multifunctional derivatives of pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile and differently substituted carbazoles for doping-free sky-blue OLEDs and luminescent sensors of oxygen

J. Gražulevičius, D. Volyniuk, J. Simokaitienė, 2021, Journal of advanced research.

Organic light-emitting diodes exploiting aggregation-induced exciton and exciplex emissions

A. Tomkeviciene, J. Gražulevičius, D. Volyniuk, 2017 .

Aggregation-Enhanced Emission and Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence of Derivatives of 9-Phenyl-9H-Carbazole: Effects of Methoxy and tert-Butyl Substituents.

J. Gražulevičius, D. Volyniuk, V. Mimaitė, 2018, Chemistry.

Synthesis and properties of twin derivatives of triphenylamine and carbazole

A. Tomkeviciene, J. Gražulevičius, D. Volyniuk, 2017 .

Interfacial and bulk properties of hole transporting materials in perovskite solar cells: spiro-MeTAD versus spiro-OMeTAD

S. Zakeeruddin, M. Grätzel, A. Hagfeldt, 2020 .

Arylfluorenyl-substituted metoxytriphenylamines as deep blue exciplex forming bipolar semiconductors for white and blue organic light emitting diodes

Jurate Simokaitiene, J. Gražulevičius, Juozas V. Grazulevicius, 2017 .

Highly Efficient Blue Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Intermolecular Triplet–Singlet Energy Transfer

A. Tomkeviciene, J. Gražulevičius, G. Baryshnikov, 2013 .

Easy accessible blue luminescent carbazole-based materials for organic light-emitting diodes

J. Gražulevičius, D. Volyniuk, D. Velasco, 2017 .

Transient absorption spectroscopy as a promising optical tool for the quality evaluation of graphene layers deposited by microwave plasma

S. Tamulevičius, D. Volyniuk, D. Peckus, 2020 .

(Tetrafluorovinylphenyl)carbazole as a Multifunctional Material for OLED Applications

J. Gražulevičius, I. Yaremchuk, D. Volyniuk, 2023, ACS Applied Electronic Materials.

TADF versus TTA emission mechanisms in acridan and carbazole-substituted dibenzo[a,c]phenazines: Towards triplet harvesting emitters and hosts

J. Gražulevičius, D. Volyniuk, V. Getautis, 2020 .

Does Through‐Space Charge Transfer in Bipolar Hosts Affect the Efficiency of Blue OLEDs?

Jiu-Haw Lee, J. Gražulevičius, Tien‐Lung Chiu, 2021, Advanced Optical Materials.

Bistriazoles with a Biphenyl Core Derivative as an Electron-Favorable Bipolar Host of Efficient Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

Jiu-Haw Lee, J. Gražulevičius, Tien‐Lung Chiu, 2020, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

Symmetry versus asymmetry: Synthesis and studies of benzotriindole-derived carbazoles displaying different electrochemical and optical properties

J. Gražulevičius, D. Volyniuk, R. R. Reghu, 2016 .

Effect of methoxy-substitutions on the hole transport properties of carbazole-based compounds: pros and cons

J. Gražulevičius, Seyhan Salman, D. Volyniuk, 2021, Journal of Materials Chemistry C.

Facile structure-modification of xanthenone based OLED emitters exhibiting both aggregation induced emission enhancement and thermally activated delayed fluorescence

J. Gražulevičius, D. Gudeika, D. Volyniuk, 2020 .

STUDY OF LIQUID CRYSTAL CELL DOPED WITH BODIPY FOR LASING APPLICATION

D. Volyniuk, H. Petrovska, P. Stakhira, 2022, Information and communication technologies, electronic engineering.

Synthesis and properties of tetrahidrocarbazolyl- and 2-phenylindolyl-substituted benzophenone derivatives

J. Gražulevičius, D. Volyniuk, J. Simokaitienė, 2018 .

Triphenylethylene-based emitters exhibiting aggregation induced emission enhancement and balanced bipolar charge transport for blue non-doped organic light-emitting diodes

J. Gražulevičius, A. Ariffin, D. Gudeika, 2021 .

Polymorphism of derivatives of tert-butyl substituted acridan and perfluorobiphenyl as sky-blue OLED emitters exhibiting aggregation induced thermally activated delayed fluorescence

J. Gražulevičius, A. Lazauskas, D. Volyniuk, 2018 .

Tuning of spin-flip efficiency of blue emitting multicarbazolyl-substituted benzonitriles by exploitation of the different additional electron accepting moieties

J. Gražulevičius, D. Gudeika, D. Volyniuk, 2021 .

Efficient synthesis and structural effects of ambipolar carbazole derivatives

J. Gražulevičius, P. Ledwon, M. Lapkowski, 2017 .

Polymorph acceptor-based triads with photoinduced TADF for UV sensing

H. Ågren, J. Gražulevičius, B. Minaev, 2021 .

Electro-Acoustic Effect in Organic Structure Based on Star-Shaped Carbazole Derivatives

A. Tomkeviciene, J. Gražulevičius, A. Michalevičiūtė, 2014 .

Exciplex energy transfer through spacer: White electroluminescence with enhanced stability based on cyan intermolecular and orange intramolecular thermally activated delayed fluorescence

J. Gražulevičius, D. Volyniuk, J. Simokaitienė, 2020, Journal of advanced research.

Through-Space Charge-Transfer Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Alternating Donor–Acceptor Copolymers for Nondoped Solution-Processable OLEDs

J. Gražulevičius, Hern Kim, D. Volyniuk, 2023, Macromolecules.

Role of the Alkylation Patterning in the Performance of OTFTs: The Case of Thiophene-Functionalized Triindoles

J. Gražulevičius, J. Puigdollers, D. Volyniuk, 2023, Coatings.

Dual Interface Exciplex Emission of Quinoline and Carbazole Derivatives for Simplified Nondoped White OLEDs

J. Gražulevičius, D. Volyniuk, R. Lytvyn, 2019, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C.

Sensitivity of Redox and Optical Properties of Electroactive Carbazole Derivatives to the Molecular Architecture and Methoxy Substitutions

J. Gražulevičius, Seyhan Salman, D. Volyniuk, 2018 .

Sensitivity of the hidden TADF to the linking topology of di-tert-butyl-carbazolyl and benzonitrile moieties in the molecules of emitters or hosts intended for efficient blue OLEDs

Jiu-Haw Lee, J. Gražulevičius, Chi-feng Lin, 2023, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry.

Derivatives of triphenyltriazine and di-tert-butylcarbazole as TADF emitters for sky-blue OLEDs

J. Gražulevičius, D. Gudeika, D. Volyniuk, 2021, Materials Science and Engineering: B.

1,3,5-Triazine and carbazole derivatives for OLED applications

J. Gražulevičius, P. Ledwon, M. Lapkowski, 2018 .

Mixing of phosphorescent and exciplex emission in efficient organic electroluminescent devices.

Vladyslav Cherpak, Zenon Hotra, Pavlo Stakhira, 2015, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

Exciplex-forming derivatives of 2,7-di-tert-butyl-9,9-dimethylacridan and benzotrifluoride for efficient OLEDs

Jiu-Haw Lee, J. Gražulevičius, Chi-feng Lin, 2020 .

All-organic fast intersystem crossing assisted exciplexes exhibiting sub-microsecond thermally activated delayed fluorescence

J. Gražulevičius, R. Grzibovskis, M. Turks, 2021 .

Aggregation, thermal annealing, and hosting effects on performances of an acridan-based TADF emitter

A. Tomkeviciene, J. Gražulevičius, A. Lazauskas, 2018, Organic Electronics.

New cyclopentadithiophene-based (X-DAD′AD)n conjugated polymers for organic solar cells

P. Troshin, S. Luchkin, A. Akkuratov, 2019, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells.

TADF quenching properties of phenothiazine or phenoxazine-substituted benzanthrones emitting in deep-red/near-infrared region towards oxygen sensing

J. Gražulevičius, B. Minaev, D. Volyniuk, 2021, Dyes and Pigments.

Very Sensitive Probes for Quantitative and Organoleptic Detection of Oxygen Based on Conformer-induced Room-temperature Phosphorescence Enhancement of the Derivative of Triazatruxene and Phenothiazine

J. Gražulevičius, A. Panchenko, B. Minaev, 2022, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical.

Exciplex-Forming Systems of Physically Mixed and Covalently Bonded Benzoyl-1H-1,2,3-Triazole and Carbazole Moieties for Solution-Processed White OLEDs

A. Tomkeviciene, J. Gražulevičius, N. Pokhodylo, 2022, The Journal of organic chemistry.

2-Phenyl-1,2,3-benzotriazole Ir(III) complexes with additional donor fragment for single-layer PhOLED devices

G. Luka, J. Gražulevičius, J. Sidaravičius, 2013 .

Synthesis and characterisation of a carbazole-based bipolar exciplex-forming compound for efficient and color-tunable OLEDs

J. Gražulevičius, G. Baryshnikov, B. Minaev, 2017 .

Effect of Substituents with the Different Electron-Donating Abilities on Optoelectronic Properties of Bipolar Thioxanthone Derivatives

J. Gražulevičius, Rita Sadzevičienė, D. Gudeika, 2023, ACS Applied Electronic Materials.

Tetraphenyl ornamented carbazolyl disubstituted diphenyl sulfone as bipolar TADF host for highly efficient OLEDs with low efficiency roll-offs

Jiu-Haw Lee, J. Gražulevičius, Tien‐Lung Chiu, 2021 .

Deep-Blue High-Efficiency TTA OLED Using Para- and Meta-Conjugated Cyanotriphenylbenzene and Carbazole Derivatives as Emitter and Host.

J. Gražulevičius, A. Monkman, N. Kukhta, 2017, The journal of physical chemistry letters.

A thermally cross-linkable hole-transporting small-molecule for efficient solution-processed organic light emitting diodes

D. Volyniuk, S. Grigalevicius, J. Jou, 2019, Organic Electronics.

White hyperelectrofluorescence from solution-processable OLEDs based on phenothiazine substituted tetraphenylethylene derivatives

J. Gražulevičius, R. Misra, S. Mobin, 2020 .

High-triplet-level phthalimide based acceptors for exciplexes with multicolor emission

J. Ulański, J. Gražulevičius, D. Volyniuk, 2019, Dyes and Pigments.

N,O π-Conjugated 4-Substituted 1,3-Thiazole BF2 Complexes: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties.

J. Gražulevičius, D. Volyniuk, R. Lytvyn, 2018, The Journal of organic chemistry.

Tuning the ambipolar charge transport properties of tricyanovinyl-substituted carbazole-based materials.

J. Gražulevičius, D. Volyniuk, D. Velasco, 2017, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

A rare example of a compact heteroleptic cyclometalated iridium(iii) complex demonstrating well-separated dual emission.

G. Starova, S. Tunik, A. Pushkarev, 2018, Dalton transactions.

Benzo[b]carbazole and indole derivatives as emitters for non-doped deep-blue organic light emitting diodes

J. Gražulevičius, D. Volyniuk, P. Stakhira, 2018 .

Effect of donor substituents on thermally activated delayed fluorescence of diphenylsulfone derivatives

J. Gražulevičius, D. Gudeika, D. Volyniuk, 2019, Journal of Luminescence.

Effects of the change of isomers on room-temperature phosphorescence, thermally activated delayed fluorescence, and long persistent luminescence of organic hole-transporting materials with the selective potential for the application in electronic devices and optical sensors of oxygen

A. Panchenko, B. Minaev, D. Gudeika, 2023, Chemical Engineering Journal.

Aromatic systems with two and three pyridine-2,6-dicarbazolyl-3,5-dicarbonitrile fragments as electron-transporting organic semiconductors exhibiting long-lived emissions

J. Gražulevičius, P. Arsenyan, D. Volyniuk, 2023, Beilstein journal of organic chemistry.

Laser Ablation of Silicon Nanoparticles and Their Use in Charge-Coupled Devices for UV Light Sensing via Wavelength-Shifting Properties

A. Lazauskas, B. Abakevičienė, L. Marcinauskas, 2023, Nanomaterials.

Enhancement of Blue Doping-Free and Hyperfluorescent Organic Light Emitting Diode Performance through Triplet–Triplet Annihilation in the Derivatives of Anthracene and Carbazole

J. Gražulevičius, Tien‐Lung Chiu, P. Arsenyan, 2024, ACS Applied Electronic Materials.

Indolocarbazoles with Sterically Unrestricted Electron-Accepting Anchors Showcasing Aggregation-Induced Thermally Activated Delayed Mechanoluminescence for Host-Free Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

J. Gražulevičius, D. Gudeika, D. Volyniuk, 2023, Molecules.

Differently substituted benzonitriles for non-doped OLEDs

J. Gražulevičius, D. Gudeika, D. Volyniuk, 2020 .

Derivatives of carbazole and Chloropyridine exhibiting aggregation induced emission enhancement and deep-blue delayed fluorescence

J. Gražulevičius, D. Volyniuk, R. Lytvyn, 2018 .

Effects of donor substituents on the conformational heterogeneity, photophysical, mechanochromic and electroluminescent properties of the donor-substituted fluorine-containing triphenylpyrimidines.

A. Lazauskas, D. Volyniuk, O. Bezvikonnyi, 2024, Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.

Organic light-emitting diodes with a single emissive layer of 3,6-di-tert-butyl-carbazolyl-disubstituted trifluoromethyl benzene showing an ultra-broad white electroluminescence spectrum

Jiu-Haw Lee, J. Gražulevičius, Chi-feng Lin, 2023, Dyes and Pigments.