A. Neyrinck

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Allogeneic Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Restore Epithelial Protein Permeability in Cultured Human Alveolar Type II Cells by Secretion of Angiopoietin-1*♦

Jae W. Lee, M. Matthay, Xiaohui Fang, 2010, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

The importance of lymphocytes in lung ischemia-reperfusion injury.

G. Verleden, E. Verbeken, D. V. Van Raemdonck, 2007, Transplantation proceedings.

Lung transplantation for acute respiratory distress syndrome: A multicenter experience

P. Jaksch, W. Klepetko, K. Hoetzenecker, 2021, American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons.

Double‐lung versus heart‐lung transplantation for precapillary pulmonary arterial hypertension: a 24‐year single‐center retrospective study

G. Verleden, G. Van den Berghe, S. Verleden, 2019, Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation.

Azithromycin and the Treatment of Lymphocytic Airway Inflammation After Lung Transplantation

G. Verleden, S. Verleden, P. Proost, 2014, American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons.

Cooling the chest while keeping the abdomen warm: the best of both worlds in multi-organ preservation from controlled donation after circulatory death donors?

D. V. Van Raemdonck, A. Neyrinck, L. Ceulemans, 2020, European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.

A systematic review and meta‐analyses of regional perfusion in donation after circulatory death solid organ transplantation

S. Knight, D. Paredes, F. Rega, 2021, Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation.

Consensus statement on normothermic regional perfusion in donation after circulatory death: Report from the European Society for Organ Transplantation’s Transplant Learning Journey

D. Paredes, C. Watson, L. Pengel, 2021, Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation.

Donor heart and lung procurement: A consensus statement.

J. Copeland, H. Copeland, P. Macdonald, 2020, The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation.

Pirfenidone in restrictive allograft syndrome after lung transplantation: A case series

G. Verleden, S. Verleden, K. Goffin, 2018, American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons.

Small airway loss in the physiologically ageing lung: a cross-sectional study in unused donor lungs.

G. Verleden, M. Decramer, J. Hogg, 2020, The Lancet. Respiratory medicine.

Argon and xenon ventilation during prolonged ex vivo lung perfusion.

J. Pype, I. Katz, D. V. Van Raemdonck, 2016, The Journal of surgical research.

Donor-specific and -nonspecific HLA antibodies and outcome post lung transplantation

G. Verleden, S. Verleden, B. Vanaudenaerde, 2017, European Respiratory Journal.

Donation after circulatory death: current status

D. Monbaliu, A. Neyrinck, D. Van raemdonck, 2013, Current opinion in anaesthesiology.

Restoring Blood Supply to the Heart While Replacing the Lungs: Is It Worth the Risk?

G. Verleden, F. Rega, S. Rex, 2019, Transplantation.

Anesthetic Management During Lung Transplantation - What's New in 2021?

A. Neyrinck, M. Brzezinski, D. Mladinov, 2022, Thoracic surgery clinics.

Protective mechanisms of activated protein C in severe inflammatory disorders

M. Matthay, Kathleen D. Liu, J. Howard, 2009, British journal of pharmacology.

N-acetyl cysteine pre-treatment attenuates inflammatory changes in the warm ischemic murine lung.

G. Verleden, E. Verbeken, T. Lerut, 2007, The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation.

Connective Tissue Growth Factor Is Overexpressed in Explant Lung Tissue and Broncho-Alveolar Lavage in Transplant-Related Pulmonary Fibrosis

G. Verleden, B. Weynand, S. Verleden, 2021, Frontiers in Immunology.

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and open chest surgery in esophageal cancer treatment: present and future.

T. Lerut, P. Nafteux, A. Neyrinck, 2017, Journal of visualized surgery.

Ex vivo reperfusion of human lungs declined for transplantation; a novel approach to alleviate donor organ shortage?

G. Verleden, T. Lerut, F. Rega, 2004 .

Impact of warm ischemia on different leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage from mouse lung: possible new targets to condition the pulmonary graft from the non-heart-beating donor.

G. Verleden, E. Verbeken, F. Rega, 2006, The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation.

FVIII production by human lung microvascular endothelial cells.

C. Kirkpatrick, M. Hermanns, F. Rega, 2006, Blood.

A porcine ex vivo lung perfusion model with maximal argon exposure to attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury

G. Verleden, S. Verleden, D. Schols, 2017, Medical gas research.

Impact of anastomosis time during lung transplantation on primary graft dysfunction

G. Verleden, S. Verleden, P. D. De Leyn, 2022, American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons.

Comparison of chest radiograph scoring to lung weight as a quantitative index of pulmonary edema in organ donors

M. Matthay, L. Ware, C. Calfee, 2012, Clinical transplantation.

High-dose vitamin D after lung transplantation: A randomized trial.

G. Verleden, S. Verleden, L. Dupont, 2017, The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation.

Donor Selection and Management

A. Neyrinck, L. Ceulemans, D. Raemdonck, 2021, Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences.

Radiological Analysis of Unused Donor Lungs: A Tool to Improve Donor Acceptance for Transplantation?

G. Verleden, B. Weynand, S. Verleden, 2017, American Journal of Transplantation.

Retrograde flush following warm ischemia in the non-heart-beating donor results in superior graft performance at reperfusion.

G. Verleden, E. Verbeken, F. Rega, 2009, The Journal of surgical research.

Oxygenated machine perfusion at room temperature as an alternative for static cold storage in porcine donor hearts

P. Vermeersch, E. Verbeken, B. Meyns, 2021, Artificial organs.

Transcriptional regulatory model of fibrosis progression in the human lung.

Ziv Bar-Joseph, Naftali Kaminski, Xiting Yan, 2019, JCI insight.

Machine perfusion in organ transplantation: a tool for ex-vivo graft conditioning with mesenchymal stem cells?

F. Rega, J. Pirenne, T. Devos, 2013, Current opinion in organ transplantation.

The mode of death in the non-heart-beating donor has an impact on lung graft quality.

G. Verleden, F. Rega, T. Lerut, 2009, European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.

Retrograde flush is more protective than heparin in the uncontrolled donation after circulatory death lung donor.

E. Verbeken, F. Rega, A. Neyrinck, 2014, The Journal of surgical research.

Retrograde flush following topical cooling is superior to preserve the non-heart-beating donor lung.

G. Verleden, E. Verbeken, F. Rega, 2007, European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.

Non-heart-beating donors.

G. Verleden, F. Rega, T. Lerut, 2004, Seminars in thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

Prone Positioning During Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion Influences Regional Edema Accumulation.

S. Verleden, D. Schols, S. Claes, 2019, The Journal of surgical research.

Ex vivo lung perfusion prior to transplantation: an overview of current clinical practice worldwide.

A. Neyrinck, J. Possoz, D. Van raemdonck, 2019, Journal of thoracic disease.

Ex vivo perfusion techniques: state of the art and potential applications

M. Cypel, T. Machuca, A. Neyrinck, 2019, Intensive Care Medicine.

Increasing pre‐transplant confidence and safety for use of questionable donor lungs with ex‐situ assessment and reconditioning

A. Neyrinck, D. Van raemdonck, 2019, Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation.

A retrospective database analysis to evaluate the potential of ex vivo lung perfusion to recruit declined lung donors

G. Verleden, S. Verleden, J. Smits, 2017, Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation.

Ex‐vivo lung perfusion

S. Keshavjee, M. Cypel, A. Neyrinck, 2015, Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation.

Do we need to cool the lung graft after ex vivo lung perfusion? A preliminary study.

L. Santambrogio, E. Verbeken, A. Neyrinck, 2014, The Journal of surgical research.

Successful double-lung transplantation from a donor previously infected with SARS-CoV-2

G. Verleden, P. Carmeliet, P. Maes, 2020, The Lancet Respiratory Medicine.

Donation After Circulatory Death in lung transplantation.

G. Snell, A. Neyrinck, B. Levvey, 2022, Thoracic surgery clinics.

Donor organ management

P. Ferdinande, M. Velde, A. Neyrinck, 2021, The ESC Textbook of Intensive and Acute Cardiovascular Care.

Histopathologic and radiologic assessment of nontransplanted donor lungs

G. Verleden, B. Weynand, S. Verleden, 2020, American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons.

Short- and Long-term Outcomes After Lung Transplantation From Circulatory-Dead Donors: A Single-Center Experience

G. Verleden, S. Verleden, B. Vanaudenaerde, 2017, Transplantation.

Accepting donor lungs for transplant: let Lisa and Bob finish the job!

A. Neyrinck, A. Martens, D. Van raemdonck, 2016, European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.

Beyond Bronchiolitis Obliterans: In-Depth Histopathologic Characterization of Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome after Lung Transplantation

G. Verleden, B. Weynand, S. Verleden, 2021, Journal of clinical medicine.

Validation of a post-transplant chronic lung allograft dysfunction classification system.

G. Verleden, S. Verleden, L. Dupont, 2019, The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation.

Successful Pseudomonas aeruginosa eradication improves outcomes after lung transplantation: a retrospective cohort analysis

G. Verleden, S. Verleden, J. Kaes, 2020, European Respiratory Journal.

DCD lung donation: donor criteria, procedural criteria, pulmonary graft function validation, and preservation

M. Erasmus, A. Neyrinck, J. Dark, 2016, Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation.

Lung transplantation for acute respiratory distress syndrome: A multicenter experience

P. Jaksch, W. Klepetko, K. Hoetzenecker, 2021, American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons.

Impact of CLAD Phenotype on Survival After Lung Retransplantation: A Multicenter Study

S. Verleden, M. Sato, S. Keshavjee, 2015, American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons.

Prophylactic Azithromycin Therapy After Lung Transplantation: Post hoc Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial

G. Verleden, S. Verleden, L. Dupont, 2016, American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons.

Living by numbers.

G. Verleden, A. Neyrinck, R. Vos, 2018, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

Steroids can reduce warm ischemic reperfusion injury in a porcine donation after circulatory death model with ex vivo lung perfusion evaluation

G. Verleden, S. Verleden, D. Schols, 2016, Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation.

Nebulized N-acetyl cysteine protects the pulmonary graft inside the non-heart-beating donor.

G. Verleden, W. Wuyts, F. Rega, 2005, The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation.

Perioperative fluid management in esophagectomy for cancer and its relation to postoperative respiratory complications.

T. Lerut, P. Nafteux, A. Neyrinck, 2020, Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus.

Early protein expression profile in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and clinical outcomes in primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation.

G. Verleden, S. Verleden, D. Schols, 2020, European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.

Multiple Solid Organ Transplantation in Telomeropathy: Case Series and Literature Review

G. Verleden, T. Roskams, F. Nevens, 2018, Transplantation.

Flow-controlled ventilation during EVLP improves oxygenation and preserves alveolar recruitment

G. Verleden, B. Saez, S. Verleden, 2020, Intensive Care Medicine Experimental.

Peripheral Blood Eosinophilia Is Associated with Poor Outcome Post-Lung Transplantation

G. Verleden, S. Verleden, J. Kaes, 2020, Cells.

Quantification of Pulmonary Edema on Chest Radiograph Compared with Direct Measurements of Extravascular Lung Water in Humans.

M. Matthay, L. Ware, C. Calfee, 2009, Asian Test Symposium.

Comparative study of donor lung injury in heart-beating versus non-heart-beating donors.

G. Verleden, P. Wouters, F. Rega, 2006, European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.

A Focused Review on Primary Graft Dysfunction after Clinical Lung Transplantation: A Multilevel Syndrome

G. Verleden, J. Kaes, B. Vanaudenaerde, 2022, Cells.

Intensive care unit acquired muscle weakness in COVID-19 patients

G. Van den Berghe, G. Meyfroidt, R. Gosselink, 2020, Intensive Care Medicine.

Normothermic ex-vivo preservation with the portable Organ Care System Lung device for bilateral lung transplantation (INSPIRE): a randomised, open-label, non-inferiority, phase 3 study.

Marco Schiavon, Igor Tudorache, Axel Haverich, 2018, The Lancet. Respiratory medicine.

Visualizing in deceased COVID-19 patients how SARS-CoV-2 attacks the respiratory and olfactory mucosae but spares the olfactory bulb

H. Zhou, P. Mombaerts, Mona Khan, 2021, Cell.

Practice and challenges for organ donation after medical assistance in dying: A scoping review including the results of the first international roundtable in 2021

J. Downar, A. Healey, A. Neyrinck, 2022, American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons.

Immunoregulatory effects of multipotent adult progenitor cells in a porcine ex vivo lung perfusion model

G. Verleden, S. Verleden, C. Verfaillie, 2017, Stem Cell Research & Therapy.

Machine perfusion of thoracic organs.

Filip Rega, Steffen Rex, Dirk Van Raemdonck, 2018, Journal of thoracic disease.

Supra-inguinal injection for fascia iliaca compartment block results in more consistent spread towards the lumbar plexus than an infra-inguinal injection: a volunteer study

A. Hadžić, M. Van de Velde, A. Neyrinck, 2019, Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine.

The effect of the volume of supra-inguinal injected solution on the spread of the injectate under the fascia iliaca: a preliminary study

A. Hadžić, A. Prats-Galino, X. Sala-Blanch, 2018, Journal of Anesthesia.

Clinical evaluation of a cutaneous zero-heat-flux thermometer during cardiac surgery

A. Laenen, S. Rex, A. Neyrinck, 2021, Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing.

Management of the anticipated and unanticipated difficult airway in anesthesia outside the operating room

A. Neyrinck, 2013, Current opinion in anaesthesiology.

A double-blind randomized controlled trial comparing dexamethasone and clonidine as adjuvants to a ropivacaine sciatic popliteal block for foot surgery

E. Roofthooft, M. Van de Velde, A. Neyrinck, 2016, Local and regional anesthesia.

In search of the Holy Grail: Poisons and extended release local anesthetics.

S. Rex, A. Neyrinck, S. Coppens, 2019, Best practice & research. Clinical anaesthesiology.

Transmuscular quadratus lumborum (TQL) block for laparoscopic colorectal surgery: study protocol for a double-blind, prospective randomized placebo-controlled trial

S. Fieuws, A. D'Hoore, S. Rex, 2020, Trials.

Approach to one lung ventilation during the surgical resection of an intrathoracic ganglioneuroblastoma in a three-year-old child: a case report and review of the literature.

M. Van de Velde, A. Neyrinck, K. Vermeylen, 2014, Acta anaesthesiologica Belgica.

Total lymphoid irradiation in progressive bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation: a single‐center experience and review of literature

G. Verleden, S. Verleden, J. Kaes, 2019, Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation.

Montelukast in chronic lung allograft dysfunction after lung transplantation.

G. Verleden, S. Verleden, L. Dupont, 2019, The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation.

Immediate post‐operative broncho‐alveolar lavage IL‐6 and IL‐8 are associated with early outcomes after lung transplantation

G. Verleden, S. Verleden, B. Vanaudenaerde, 2018, Clinical transplantation.

Initial experience with transplantation of lungs recovered from donors after euthanasia

G. Verleden, L. Dupont, H. Decaluwé, 2011 .

Lung Transplantation From Donation After Brain Death Donors on Extracorporeal Support

G. Citerio, A. Palleschi, D. Tosi, 2022, Transplantation.

Memsorb™, a novel CO2 removal device part II: in vivo performance with the Zeus IE®

J. Hendrickx, A. D. de Wolf, M. Van de Velde, 2022, Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing.

Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury associates with acute kidney injury in liver transplantation: Prospective cohort study

N. Meurisse, D. Monbaliu, J. Pirenne, 2017, Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society.

Once daily tacrolimus conversion in lung transplantation: A prospective study on safety and medication adherence.

G. Verleden, F. Dobbels, S. Verleden, 2021, The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation.

A novel translational model for fetoscopic intratracheal delivery of nanoparticles in piglets

J. Deprest, D. Vidovic, M. Carlon, 2016, Prenatal diagnosis.

The international experience of in-situ recovery of the DCD heart: a multicentre retrospective observational study

M. Farrero, F. Rega, N. Moazami, 2023, EClinicalMedicine.

Combined liver–thoracic transplantation: single‐center experience with introduction of the ‘Liver‐first’ principle

G. Verleden, F. Nevens, S. Verleden, 2016, Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation.

Combined or Serial Liver and Lung Transplantation for Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma: A Case Series

T. Roskams, F. Nevens, C. Verslype, 2015, American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons.

Combined Liver and Lung Transplantation With Extended Normothermic Lung Preservation in a Patient With End‐Stage Emphysema Complicated by Drug‐Induced Acute Liver Failure

G. Verleden, F. Nevens, C. Verslype, 2014, American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons.

Modification of the Arterial Anastomotic Technique Improves Survival in a Porcine Single Lung Transplant Model

G. Verleden, T. Lerut, F. Rega, 2006, Acta chirurgica Belgica.

International consensus recommendations for anesthetic and intensive care management of lung transplantation. An EACTAIC, SCA, ISHLT, ESOT, ESTS, and AST approved document.

P. Hopkins, A. D. Shaw, V. von Dossow, 2021, The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation.

Recipient selection process and listing for lung transplantation.

G. Verleden, L. Dupont, A. Neyrinck, 2017, Journal of thoracic disease.

Measuring physiological shunt fraction during normothermic ex‐vivo lung perfusion to assess transplantability of questionable donor lungs

A. Neyrinck, D. Van raemdonck, 2019, Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation.

Can we make recovered donor lungs look brand-new again?

A. Neyrinck, S. Ordies, D. Van raemdonck, 2017, European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.

Effect of Surgical Exposure on Outcomes in Lung Transplantation: Insight from the International Multicenter Extracorporeal Life Support (ECLS) in Lung Transplantation Registry

Y. Toyoda, G. Loor, A. Osho, 2021 .

Aspergillus-Specific IgG Antibodies are Associated With Fungal-Related Complications and Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction After Lung Transplantation

G. Verleden, L. Dupont, J. Kaes, 2023, Transplant International.

Free Airway C4d after Lung Transplantation - A Quantitative Analysis of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid

G. Verleden, S. Verleden, E. Verbeken, 2021, Transplant Immunology.

Sheddindemg light on the problematic nature of C4d in lung transplantation -a quantitative analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.

G. Verleden, S. Verleden, E. Verbeken, 2020, Transplant immunology.

The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in endotoxin-induced lung injury in rats.

M. Matthay, A. Neyrinck, 2009, Critical care medicine.

Lung transplant outcome following donation after euthanasia.

G. Verleden, L. Dupont, S. Fieuws, 2022, The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation.

Mortality after lung transplantation: a single‐centre cohort analysis

G. Verleden, S. Verleden, E. Verbeken, 2019, Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation.

Azithromycin and early allograft function after lung transplantation: A randomized, controlled trial.

G. Verleden, S. Verleden, L. Dupont, 2019, The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation.

Lung donor selection and management.

Dirk Van Raemdonck, G. Verleden, L. Dupont, 2009, Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society.

Euthanasia Patients Should Be Accepted as Organ Donors in States With Existing Legislation.

A. Neyrinck, D. Van raemdonck, 2016, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

Lung transplantation following donation after thoraco-abdominal normothermic regional perfusion (TA-NRP): A feasibility case study.

G. Verleden, F. Rega, D. Monbaliu, 2022, The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation.

Lung Donation and Transplantation Following Thoraco-Abdominal Normothermic Regional Perfusion: A Case Series

G. Verleden, L. Godinas, F. Rega, 2022, The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation.

Transplantation of donor hearts after circulatory death using normothermic regional perfusion and cold storage preservation.

D. Ledoux, B. Meyns, F. Rega, 2021, European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery.

Donation after Euthanasia (DCD-V) Results in Excellent Long-Term Outcome after Lung Transplantation, Equal to Donation after Brain Death (DBD) and Circulatory Death (DCD-III).

G. Verleden, S. Verleden, H. Decaluwé, 2020, The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation.

Transplantation of Lungs Recovered from Donors After Euthanasia Results in Excellent Long-Term Outcome

G. Verleden, S. Verleden, L. Dupont, 2016 .

O-099LUNG TRANSPLANTATION WITH GRAFTS RECOVERED FROM EUTHANASIA DONORS

G. Verleden, H. Decaluwé, P. Nafteux, 2013 .

Innovative Invasive Loco-Regional Techniques for the Treatment of Lung Cancer

S. Verleden, J. Hendriks, A. Snoeckx, 2023, Cancers.

Intraoperative Red Blood Cell Transfusion and Primary Graft Dysfunction After Lung Transplantation

E. Chan, Y. Toyoda, G. Loor, 2023, Transplantation.

N-acetyl cysteine attenuates the inflammatory response in warm ischemic pig lungs.

G. Verleden, W. Wuyts, F. Rega, 2008, The Journal of surgical research.

CT-based Machine Learning for Donor Lung Screening Prior to Transplantation

Sundaresh Ram, S. Verleden, C. Galbán, 2023, medRxiv.