R. Matthew Todd

Empathy and the collective good: Caring for one of the others in a social dilemma.

L. L. Shaw, C. Daniel Batson, C. Batson, 1995 .

Empathy avoidance: Forestalling feeling for another in order to escape the motivational consequences.

L. L. Shaw, C. Daniel Batson, C. Batson, 1994 .