Paul E. Spector

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Puppet or Puppeteer? The Role of Resource Control in the Occupational Stress Process

Paul E. Spector, 2017 .

Cyberloafing as a coping mechanism: Dealing with workplace boredom

Paul E. Spector, Shani Pindek, Alexandra Krajcevska, 2018, Comput. Hum. Behav..

The Impact of Cross-Training on Team Functioning: An Empirical Investigation

Paul E. Spector, Eduardo Salas, Catherine E. Volpe, 1996, Hum. Factors.

What is Engagement and How Do We Measure It? Toward a Domain Independent Definition and Scale

Balaji Padmanabhan, Paul E. Spector, Gert-Jan de Vreede, 2019, HICSS.

A content engagement score for online learning platforms

Balaji Padmanabhan, Paul E. Spector, Gert-Jan de Vreede, 2018, L@S.

Designing the Scale

Paul E. Spector, 1992 .

Basic Logic of Design

Paul E. Spector, 1981 .

Is cyberloafing more complex than we originally thought? Cyberloafing as a coping response to workplace aggression exposure

Paul E. Spector, Gary Kleinman, Shani Pindek, 2019, Comput. Hum. Behav..

Do social features help in video-centric online learning platforms? A social presence perspective

Balaji Padmanabhan, Paul E. Spector, Gert-Jan de Vreede, 2020, Comput. Hum. Behav..

The Development of a Multidimensional Engagement Measure

Balaji Padmanabhan, Paul E. Spector, Gert-Jan de Vreede, 2018, AMCIS.

Summated Rating Scale Construction: An Introduction

Paul E. Spector, 1992 .

Defining the Construct

Paul E. Spector, 1992 .

Common Method Issues: An Introduction to the Feature Topic in Organizational Research Methods

Paul E. Spector, Michael T. Brannick, M. Brannick, 2010 .

SAS Programming for Researchers and Social Scientists

Paul E. Spector, P. Spector, 1993 .

Development of four self-report measures of job stressors and strain: Interpersonal Conflict at Work Scale, Organizational Constraints Scale, Quantitative Workload Inventory, and Physical Symptoms Inventory.

Paul E. Spector, S. Jex, 1998, Journal of occupational health psychology.

The Relation of Candidate Personality With Selection-Interview Outcomes

Paul E. Spector, Kevin Cook, Carol A. Vance, 2000 .

Method variance as an artifact in self-reported affect and perceptions at work: Myth or significant problem?

Paul E. Spector, 1987 .

Stress in the workplace: a comparison of gender and occupations

Paul E. Spector, L. Narayanan, Shanker Menon, 1999 .

Why negative affectivity should not be controlled in job stress research: don't throw out the baby with the bath water

Paul E. Spector, Peter Y. Chen, M. Frese, 2000, Journal of Organizational Behavior.

Method Variance in Organizational Research

Paul E. Spector, 2006 .

Behavior in organizations as a function of employee's locus of control.

Paul E. Spector, 1982 .

Causes of employee turnover: A test of the Mobley, Griffeth, Hand, and Meglino model.

Paul E. Spector, C. Michaels, Charles E. Michaels, 1982 .

Relation of job stressors to affective, health, and performance outcomes: a comparison of multiple data sources.

Paul E. Spector, P E Spector, S. Jex, 1988, The Journal of applied psychology.

Relations of job characteristics from multiple data sources with employee affect, absence, turnover intentions, and health.

Paul E. Spector, P E Spector, S. Jex, 1991, The Journal of applied psychology.

The role of negative affectivity in employee reactions to job characteristics: Bias effect or substantive effect?

Paul E. Spector, Suzy Fox, S. Fox, 1999 .

What to do with significant multivariate effects in multivariate analyses of variance

Paul E. Spector, 1977 .

Theorizing about the deviant citizen: An attributional explanation of the interplay of organizational citizenship and counterproductive work behavior ☆

Paul E. Spector, Suzy Fox, S. Fox, 2010 .

Building an integrative model of extra role work behaviors: A comparison of counterproductive work behavior with organizational citizenship behavior.

Paul E. Spector, Suzy Fox, D. Miles, 2002 .

An emotion-centered model of voluntary work behavior

Paul E. Spector, Suzy Fox, S. Fox, 2002 .

Proactive Customer Service Performance: Relationships With Individual, Task, and Leadership Variables

Paul E. Spector, Johannes Rank, Jeanne M. Carsten, 2007 .

How Do Coworkers “Make the Place”? Examining Coworker Conflict and the Value of Harmony in China and the United States

Paul E. Spector, Cong Liu, Liuqin Yang, 2018 .

The Role of Justice in Organizations: A Meta-Analysis

Paul E. Spector, Yochi Cohen-Charash, 2001 .

Flexible Work Arrangements Availability and their Relationship with Work‐to‐Family Conflict, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover Intentions: A Comparison of Three Country Clusters

Paul E. Spector, P. Brough, C. Cooper, 2012 .

Measurement of human service staff satisfaction: Development of the Job Satisfaction Survey

Paul E. Spector, 1985, American journal of community psychology.

Antecedents and outcomes of a fourfold taxonomy of work-family balance in Chinese employed parents.

Paul E. Spector, K. Shi, Jiafang Lu, 2009, Journal of occupational health psychology.

Relationship and task conflict at work: interactive short-term effects on angry mood and somatic complaints.

Paul E. Spector, Laurenz L. Meier, Paul E Spector, 2013, Journal of occupational health psychology.

Getting the Job Done: The Moderating Role of Initiative on the Relationship Between Intrinsic Motivation and Adaptive Selling

Paul E. Spector, William B. Locander, F. Jaramillo, 2007 .

Estimation Problems in the Block-Diagonal Model of the Multitrait-Multimethod Matrix

Paul E. Spector, Michael T. Brannick, M. Brannick, 1990 .

Summated rating scale construction

Paul E. Spector, 1991 .

Unemployment, job satisfaction, and employee turnover: A meta-analytic test of the Muchinsky model.

Paul E. Spector, Jeanne M. Carsten, 1987 .

Counterproductive work behavior (CWB) in response to job stressors and organizational justice: Some mediator and moderator tests for autonomy and emotions

Paul E. Spector, D. Miles, S. Fox, 2001 .

Sabbatical leave: who gains and how much?

Leslie B. Hammer, Paul E. Spector, Christina Maslach, 2010, The Journal of applied psychology.

The Effect of Action Orientation on the Academic Performance of Undergraduate Marketing Majors

Paul E. Spector, F. Jaramillo, Fernando Jaramillo, 2004 .

Using self‐report questionnaires in OB research: A comment on the use of a controversial method

Paul E. Spector, 1994 .

Personality Research in the Organizational Sciences

Paul E. Spector, P. Perrewé, 2002 .

Organizational constraints: a meta-analysis of a major stressor

Paul E. Spector, Shani Pindek, 2016 .

Methodological Urban Legends: The Misuse of Statistical Control Variables

Paul E. Spector, Michael T. Brannick, M. Brannick, 2011 .

Replicating and Extending Past Personality/Job Satisfaction Meta-Analyses

Paul E. Spector, Valentina Bruk-Lee, Ashley E. Nixon, 2009 .

A longitudinal study of relations between job stressors and job strains while controlling for prior negative affectivity and strains.

Paul E. Spector, P E Spector, P. Y. Chen, 2000, The Journal of applied psychology.

Relations of incumbent affect-related personality traits with incumbent and objective measures of characteristics of jobs

Paul E. Spector, Steve M. Jex, Peter Y. Chen, 1995 .

When Two Factors Don’t Reflect Two Constructs: How Item Characteristics Can Produce Artifactual Factors

Paul E. Spector, Michael T. Brannick, Peter Y. Chen, 1997 .

Interactive effects of perceived control and job stressors on affective reactions and health outcomes for clerical workers

Paul E. Spector, 1987 .

Relationships of work stress measures for employees with the same job.

Paul E. Spector, J. Hall, Joan K. Hall, 1991 .

What Is Method Variance and How Can We Cope With It? A Panel Discussion

David Chan, Paul E. Spector, Michael T. Brannick, 2010 .

A Consideration of the Validity and Meaning of Self-Report Measures of Job Conditions

Paul E. Spector, 1992 .

The Stressor-Emotion Model of Counterproductive Work Behavior.

Paul E. Spector, Suzy Fox, S. Fox, 2005 .

The Role of Frustration in Antisocial Behavior at Work

Paul E. Spector, 1997 .

The Future of Research Methods in Work and Occupational Health Psychology

Paul E. Spector, Shani Pindek, 2016 .

An international study of the psychometric properties of the Hofstede Values Survey Module 1994 : a comparison of individual and country/province level results

Paul E. Spector, C. Cooper, K. Sparks, 2001 .

The Role of Job Control in Employee Health and Well‐Being

Paul E. Spector, 2009 .

Can work make you sick? A meta-analysis of the relationships between job stressors and physical symptoms

Paul E. Spector, J. Bauer, A. Nixon, 2011 .

Locus of Control and Well-Being at Work: How Generalizable are Western Findings?

Paul E. Spector, Juan I. Sanchez, P. Wong, 2002 .

Job satisfaction: application, assessment, cause, and consequences

Paul E. Spector, 1997 .

Job stress, incivility, and counterproductive work behavior (CWB): the moderating role of negative affectivity

Paul E. Spector, Lisa M. Penney, 2005 .

The dimensionality of counterproductivity: Are all counterproductive behaviors created equal?

Paul E. Spector, Lisa M. Penney, S. Fox, 2006 .

The Relation between Work–Family Conflict and Job Satisfaction: A Finer-Grained Analysis

Paul E. Spector, T. Allen, C. S. Bruck, 2002 .

Relationships of organizational frustration with reported behavioral reactions of employees

Paul E. Spector, 1975 .

The contribution of personality traits, negative affectivity, locus of control and Type A to the subsequent reports of job stressors and job strains

Paul E. Spector, B. O'connell, 1994 .

A model of work frustration–aggression

Paul E. Spector, S. Fox, 1999 .

Perceived Control by Employees: A Meta-Analysis of Studies Concerning Autonomy and Participation at Work

Paul E. Spector, 1986 .

Industrial and Organizational Psychology: Research and Practice

Paul E. Spector, 1995 .

ORGANIZATIONAL FRUSTRATION: A MODEL AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Paul E. Spector, 1978 .

Relationships of organizational frustration with reported behavioural reactions: The moderating effect of locus of control

Paul E. Spector, Philip L. Storms, P. Storms, 1987 .

Development of the Work Locus of Control Scale

Paul E. Spector, 1988 .

A CROSS‐NATIONAL COMPARATIVE STUDY OF WORK‐FAMILY STRESSORS, WORKING HOURS, AND WELL‐BEING: CHINA AND LATIN AMERICA VERSUS THE ANGLO WORLD

Paul E. Spector, Juan I. Sanchez, P. Wong, 2004 .

Cross-National Differences in Relationships of Work Demands with Work-Family Conflict

Paul E. Spector, Juan I. Sanchez, P. Brough, 2006 .

Using the Job-Related Affective Well-Being Scale (JAWS) to investigate affective responses to work stressors.

Paul E. Spector, E. Kelloway, S. Fox, 2000, Journal of occupational health psychology.

Methodologies for the study of organizational behavior processes: How to find your keys in the dark

Paul E. Spector, Laurenz L. Meier, L. Meier, 2014, Journal of Organizational Behavior.

The Impact of Technology on Employee Stress, Health, and Well-Being

Paul E. Spector, Ashley E. Nixon, A. Nixon, 2013 .

Bored employees misbehaving: The relationship between boredom and counterproductive work behaviour

Paul E. Spector, Stacey R. Kessler, Kari Bruursema, 2011 .

Emotions, violence and counterproductive work behavior

Paul E. Spector, Suzy Fox, S. Fox, 2006 .

Perceived violence climate: A new construct and its relationship to workplace physical violence and verbal aggression, and their potential consequences

Paul E. Spector, M. Coulter, M. Matz, 2007 .

Coping strategies among Swedish female and male managers in an international context

Paul E. Spector, C. Cooper, K. Sparks, 2003 .

Age differences in work adjustment : a study of male and female managerial stress, coping strategies and locus of control in Hong Kong

Cary L. Cooper, Paul E. Spector, Ian Donald, 1999 .

A longitudinal investigation of the role of violence prevention climate in exposure to workplace physical violence and verbal abuse

Paul E. Spector, Zhiqing E. Zhou, Liuqin Yang, 2015 .

Health Consequences of Work–Family Conflict: The Dark Side of the Work–Family Interface

Paul E. Spector, Tammy D. Allen, Jeffrey H. Greenhaus, 2006 .

Research Methods In Industrial and Organizational Psychology: Data Collection and Data Analysis With Special Consideration To International Issues

Paul E. Spector, 2001 .

Employee Control and Occupational Stress

Paul E. Spector, 2002 .

The nature and effects of method variance in organizational research

Paul E. Spector, Michael T. Brannick, M. Brannick, 1995 .

Relationships of Work Stressors with Aggression, Withdrawal, Theft and Substance Use: An Exploratory Study

Paul E. Spector, Peter Y. Chen, 1992 .

Stress, Personality and Counterproductive Work Behaviour

Paul E. Spector, Lisa M. Penney, Suzy Fox, 2003 .

If Thurstone Was Right, What Happens When We Factor Analyze Likert Scales?

Paul E. Spector, Michael T. Brannick, 2010, Industrial and Organizational Psychology.

Objective versus subjective approaches to the study of job stress

Paul E. Spector, 1999 .

The relationship of personality to counterproductive work behavior (CWB): An integration of perspectives

Paul E. Spector, 2010 .

Narcissism and Counterproductive Work Behavior: Do Bigger Egos Mean Bigger Problems?

Paul E. Spector, Lisa J. Penney, 2003 .

"Causes of employee turnover: A test of the Mobley, Griffeth, Hand, and Meglino Model": Correction to Michaels and Spector.

Paul E. Spector, C. Michaels, Charles E. Michaels, 1983 .

A Cross-National Comparative Study of Work/Family Demands and Resources

Cary L. Cooper, Paul E. Spector, Steven Poelmans, 2003 .

Relations of emotional intelligence, practical intelligence, general intelligence, and trait affectivity with interview outcomes: it's not all just ‘G’

Paul E. Spector, Suzy Fox, S. Fox, 2000 .

Adapting to a boundaryless world: A developmental expatriate model

Cary L. Cooper, Paul E. Spector, Juan I. Sanchez, 2000 .

Ratings of Equal and Unequal Response Choice Intervals

Paul E. Spector, 1980 .

Meta-analysis for integrating study outcomes: A Monte Carlo study of its susceptibility to Type I and Type II errors.

Paul E. Spector, Edward L. Levine, E. Levine, 1987 .

The Role of Workplace Control in Positive Health and Wellbeing

Paul E. Spector, Erin M Eatough, 2014 .

Statistical control in correlational studies: 10 essential recommendations for organizational researchers.

Jeffrey R. Edwards, Paul E. Spector, Guclu Atinc, 2016 .

Does your coworker know what you're doing? Convergence of self- and peer-reports of counterproductive work behavior.

Paul E. Spector, Suzy Fox, S. Fox, 2007 .

Direct and indirect conflicts at work in China and the US: A cross-cultural comparison

Paul E. Spector, Chaoping Li, Cong Liu, 2008 .

Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS)

Paul E. Spector, J. Lani, 2010 .

The weekend matters: Relationships between stress recovery and affective experiences

Paul E. Spector, Sabine Sonnentag, Charlotte Fritz, 2010 .

Common method variance or measurement bias? The problem and possible solutions

Paul E. Spector, Michael T. Brannick, M. Brannick, 2009 .

Best practices in developing, conducting, and evaluating inductive research

Paul E. Spector, Sang Eun Woo, Ernest H. O'Boyle, 2017 .

Counterproductive Work Behavior and Organisational Citizenship Behavior: Are They Opposite Forms of Active Behavior?

Paul E. Spector, Suzy Fox, S. Fox, 2010 .

A Control Theory of the Job Stress Process

Paul E. Spector, 1999 .

Choosing Response Categories for Summated Rating Scales

Paul E. Spector, 1976 .

The deviant citizen: Measuring potential positive relations between counterproductive work behaviour and organizational citizenship behaviour

Paul E. Spector, Suzy Fox, S. Fox, 2012 .

Family-Responsive Interventions, Perceived Organizational and Supervisor Support, Work-Family Conflict, and Psychological Strain

Cary L. Cooper, Paul E. Spector, Steven Poelmans, 2003 .

Adjusting to a boundaryless world: Stress and the expatriate executive

Cary L. Cooper, Paul E. Spector, Juan I. Sanchez, 2000 .

Re‐Examining Machiavelli: A Three‐Dimensional Model of Machiavellianism in the Workplace

Carnot E. Nelson, Paul E. Spector, Walter C. Borman, 2010 .

Industrial/Organizational Psychology: Research and Practice, 4th ed

Paul E. Spector, 2006 .

Moving the Pendulum Back to the Middle: Reflections on and Introduction to the Inductive Research Special Issue of Journal of Business and Psychology

Paul E. Spector, Neal Schmitt, Ann Marie Ryan, 2014 .

The Lost Art of Discovery: The Case for Inductive Methods in Occupational Health Science and the Broader Organizational Sciences

Paul E. Spector, 2017, Occupational Health Science.

A Critical Look at Ourselves: Do Male and Female Professors Respond the Same to Environment Characteristics?

Paul E. Spector, M. Gavin, Stacey R. Kessler, 2014 .

Violence-prevention climate, exposure to violence and aggression, and prevention behavior: A mediation model

Paul E. Spector, C. Chang, Erin M Eatough, 2012 .

Time Urgency and Its Relation to Occupational Stressors and Health Outcomes for Health Care Professionals

Paul E. Spector, L. Narayanan, Shanker Menon, 1991 .

Being Called to Safety: Occupational Callings and Safety Climate in the Emergency Medical Services

Paul E. Spector, Stephanie A. Andel, Shani Pindek, 2016, Journal of occupational and environmental medicine.

The Dark Side of Workplace Technology

Paul E. Spector, David J. Howard, 2020 .

Relations Between Exercise and Employee Responses to Work Stressors: A Summary of Two Studies

Paul E. Spector, S. Jex, D. M. Gudanowski, 1991 .

Explaining the surprisingly weak relationship between organizational constraints and job performance

Paul E. Spector, Shani Pindek, 2016 .

Measuring program effectiveness: Self-report versus objective indicators of recidivism

Paul E. Spector, J. Bedell, 1982, American journal of community psychology.

Industrial and Organizational Psychology: Research and Practice (6 th Ed.)

Paul E. Spector, 2011 .

Conflict, Health, and Well-Being

Paul E. Spector, Valentina Bruk-Lee, 2008 .

Quantitative self-report methods in occupational health psychology research

Paul E. Spector, Erin M Eatough, 2013 .

Customer Service Stress: A Meta-Analysis of Customer Mistreatment

Paul E. Spector, R. C. Dreibelbis, Maryana L Arvan, 2019, Examining the Role of Well-being in the Marketing Discipline.

Are Biasing Factors Idiosyncratic to Measures? A Comparison of Interpersonal Conflict, Organizational Constraints, and Workload

Paul E. Spector, Christopher C. Rosen, Cheryl E. Gray, 2022, Journal of Business and Psychology.

The impact of negative affectivity on stressor-strain relations: A replication and extension

Paul E. Spector, S. Jex, 1996 .

Negative affectivity as the underlying cause of correlations between stressors and strains.

Paul E. Spector, P. Y. Chen, 1991, The Journal of applied psychology.

An investigation of age-related factors in the age-job-satisfaction relationship.

Paul E. Spector, P E Spector, A T White, 1987, Psychology and aging.

Interpersonal conflict and stress at work: Implications for employee health and well-being.

Paul E. Spector, Valentina Bruk-Lee, 2011 .

Point/Counterpoint introduction: The future of theory in organizational behavior research

Paul E. Spector, Jessica M. Nicklin, 2016 .

Instrumental Counter Productive Work Behavior and the Theory of Planned Behavior: A “Cold Cognitive” Approach to Complement “Hot Affective” Theories of CWB

Paul E. Spector, S. Fox, 2010 .

Assessing employee job satisfaction with the job satisfaction survey

Paul E. Spector, 1986 .

Administrative practice and employee job satisfaction in a psycho-social rehabilitation agency

Paul E. Spector, H. Marlowe, 1983 .

Administrative, measurement, and sampling issues in large-scale cross-national research: UN or NATO approach

Paul E. Spector, Juan I. Sanchez, 2012 .

Individual differences in health and well-being in organizations

Paul E. Spector, 2003 .

Negative affectivity as the underlying cause of correlations between stressors and strains.

Paul E. Spector, P. Y. Chen, 1991, The Journal of applied psychology.

Erratum to "The role of justice in organizations: A meta-analysis" [Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 86 (2001) 278-321]

Paul E. Spector, Yochi Cohen-Charash, 2002 .

Emotions and counterproductive work behavior.

Paul E. Spector, Lisa M. Penney, 2008 .

Joint moderating effects of self-efficacy and coping on social stressor-psychological strain relationships in Greater China : evidence from three subregions

Paul E. Spector, O. Siu, Luo Lu, 2016 .

Clarifying the inconsistently observed curvilinear relationship between workload and employee attitudes and mental well-being

Paul E. Spector, W. Shen, Shani Pindek, 2022, Work & Stress.

Introduction: emotional intelligence

Paul E. Spector, 2005 .

Managerial Stress, Locus of Control, and Job Strain in Taiwan and UK: A Comparative Study

Paul E. Spector, C. Cooper, S. Kao, 2000 .

Do national levels of individualism and internal locus of control relate to well-being : an ecological level international study

Paul E. Spector, Juan I. Sanchez, P. Wong, 2001 .

Faculty Stressors, Job Satisfaction, and Psychological Distress Among University Teachers in Hong Kong: The Role of Locus of Control

Paul E. Spector, O. Siu, T. Leung, 2000 .

The role of frustration in anti-social behavior at work

Paul E. Spector, 1997 .

An international comparative study of work-family stress and occupational strain

Paul E. Spector, Juan I. Sanchez, C. Cooper, 2005 .

Occupational stress and gender: a cross‐cultural study

Paul E. Spector, C. Cooper, Mike Greyling, 2000 .

Personality and Employee Withdrawal: Effects of Locus of Control on Turnover

Paul E. Spector, C. Michaels, 1986 .

Relations of Interpersonal Unfairness with Counterproductive Work Behavior: The Moderating Role of Employee Self-Identity

Paul E. Spector, Russell E. Johnson, Liuqin Yang, 2012, Journal of Business and Psychology.

Survey Design and Measure Development

Paul E. Spector, 2013 .

A Critical Look at Ourselves: Do Male and Female Professors Respond the Same to Environment Characteristics?

Paul E. Spector, M. Gavin, Stacey R. Kessler, 2013, Research in Higher Education.

Magnitude Scaling: Quantitative Measurement of Opinions@@@Unidimensional Scaling@@@Research Designs

Paul E. Spector, E. Carmines, M. Lodge, 1982, American Political Science Review.

The Effects of Real vs. Hypothetical Risk on Group Choice-Shifts

Paul E. Spector, L. Penner, S. L. Cohen, 1976 .

Seeking Clarity in a Linguistic Fog: Moderators of the Workplace Aggression-Strain Relationship

Paul E. Spector, A. Nixon, 2015 .

The social stressors-counterproductive work behaviors link: are conflicts with supervisors and coworkers the same?

Paul E. Spector, Valentina Bruk-Lee, 2006, Journal of occupational health psychology.

The stressor–strain relationship in diary studies: A meta-analysis of the within and between levels

Paul E. Spector, Shani Pindek, Maryana L Arvan, 2019 .

Nurse exposure to physical and nonphysical violence, bullying, and sexual harassment: a quantitative review.

Paul E. Spector, Zhiqing E. Zhou, X. Che, 2014, International journal of nursing studies.

Psychosocial precursors and physical consequences of workplace violence towards nurses: a longitudinal examination with naturally occurring groups in hospital settings.

Paul E. Spector, C. Chang, Liuqin Yang, 2012, International journal of nursing studies.

Contextual Factors in Employee Mistreatment

Paul E. Spector, Shani Pindek, 2015 .

Workplace mistreatment climate and potential employee and organizational outcomes: a meta-analytic review from the target's perspective.

Paul E. Spector, D. Truxillo, D. Caughlin, 2014, Journal of occupational health psychology.

What qualitative research has taught us about occupational stress.

Paul E. Spector, Joseph J. Mazzola, I. Schonfeld, 2011, Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress.

An expanded typology of conflict at work: Task, relationship and non-task organizational conflict as social stressors

Paul E. Spector, Valentina Bruk-Lee, A. Nixon, 2013 .

The Human Engineer as an Agent of Change in Industrializing Nations1

Paul E. Spector, Harold P. Van Cott, Paul Spector, 1968 .

Measurement Invariance of the Satisfaction With Life Scale Across 26 Countries

Paul E. Spector, Juan I. Sanchez, P. Brough, 2017 .

Methodological and Substantive Issues in Conducting Multinational and Cross-Cultural Research

Paul E. Spector, Juan I. Sanchez, Cong Liu, 2015 .

Do Not Cross Me: Optimizing the Use of Cross-Sectional Designs

Paul E. Spector, 2019, Journal of Business and Psychology.

Individualism–collectivism as a moderator of the work demands–strains relationship: A cross-level and cross-national examination

Paul E. Spector, Juan I. Sanchez, P. Brough, 2012 .

Unethical Work Behavior as a Stressor

Paul E. Spector, Laurenz L. Meier, N. Semmer, 2013 .

Illegitimate tasks are not created equal: Examining the effects of attributions on unreasonable and unnecessary tasks

Paul E. Spector, David J. Howard, Erin M Eatough, 2018, Work & Stress.

You want me to do what? Two daily diary studies of illegitimate tasks and employee well‐being

Paul E. Spector, Laurenz L. Meier, N. Semmer, 2016 .

Rehabilitation Case Management: An Empirical Investigation of Selected Rehabilitation Counselor Job Skills

Paul E. Spector, W. G. Emener, 1985, Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling.

A control model of the job stress process

Paul E. Spector, 1998 .

Service with a smile: do emotional intelligence, gender, and autonomy moderate the emotional labor process?

Paul E. Spector, Hazel-Anne M. Johnson, 2007, Journal of occupational health psychology.

Individualism–collectivism as a moderator of the work demands–strains relationship: A cross-level and cross-national examination

Paul E. Spector, Juan I. Sanchez, P. Brough, 2012, Journal of International Business Studies.

Cross-National Job Stress: A Quantitative and Qualitative Study

Paul E. Spector, Cong Liu, Lin Shi, 2007 .

Stressors beget stressors: The effect of passive leadership on employee health through workload and work–family conflict

Paul E. Spector, Zhiqing E. Zhou, Stacey R. Kessler, 2017 .

How Can Organizational Leaders Help? Examining the Effectiveness of Leaders’ Support During a Crisis

Paul E. Spector, Janelle E. Wells, Cheryl E. Gray, 2022, Journal of Business and Psychology.

Information security climate and the assessment of information security risk among healthcare employees

Paul E. Spector, Gary Kleinman, Shani Pindek, 2019, Health Informatics J..

A New Perspective on Method Variance: A Measure-Centric Approach

Paul E. Spector, Hettie A. Richardson, L. J. Williams, 2019 .

Validity Generalization for Cognitive, Psychomotor, and Perceptual Tests for Craft Jobs in the Utility Industry

Paul E. Spector, J. Cannon-Bowers, E. Levine, 1996 .

Use of both qualitative and quantitative approaches to study job stress in different gender and occupational groups.

Paul E. Spector, Cong Liu, Lin Shi, 2008, Journal of occupational health psychology.

Sunk Cost Effect, Escalation of Commitment and the Principle of Fungibility: Consumers’ Reactions to Membership Cards

Paul E. Spector, Fernando Jaramillo, 2015 .

Obedience as a function of experimenter competence

Paul E. Spector, H. Hawkins, L. Penner, 1973, Memory & cognition.

Too good for your job? Disentangling the relationships between objective overqualification, perceived overqualification, and job dissatisfaction

Paul E. Spector, Stephanie A. Andel, Shani Pindek, 2019 .

The spillover effects of coworker, supervisor, and outsider workplace incivility on work‐to‐family conflict: A weekly diary design

Paul E. Spector, Laurenz L. Meier, Zhiqing E. Zhou, 2019, Journal of Organizational Behavior.

Work stress, self-efficacy, Chinese work values, and work well-being in Hong Kong and Beijing

Paul E. Spector, C. Cooper, O. Siu, 2005 .

Emotional labor in china: do perceived organizational support and gender moderate the process?

Paul E. Spector, Liuqin Yang, A. Nixon, 2011 .

Grin and Bear It?: Employees' Use of Surface Acting During Co‐worker Conflict

Paul E. Spector, Valentina Bruk-Lee, A. Nixon, 2017, Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress.

The Relation of Cognitive Ability and Personality Traits to Assessment Center Performance

Paul E. Spector, Sarah A. Hezlett, Carol A. Vance, 2000 .

The generalizability of social information processing to organizational settings: A summary of two field experiments

Paul E. Spector, S. Jex, 1989 .

A Multilevel Study of Abusive Supervision, Norms, and Personal Control on Counterproductive Work Behavior: A Theory of Planned Behavior Approach

Paul E. Spector, Xin Qin, Dong-Beom Ju, 2018, Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies.

When antecedent becomes consequent: An examination of the temporal order of job dissatisfaction and verbal aggression exposure in a longitudinal study

Paul E. Spector, Stephanie A. Andel, Shani Pindek, 2018, Work & Stress.

Do National Levels of Individualism and Internal Locus of Control Relate to Well-Being

Paul E. Spector, Juan I. Sanchez, C. Cooper, 2013 .

The interaction of job autonomy and conflict with supervisor in China and the United States: A qualitative and quantitative comparison.

Paul E. Spector, Ying Liu, Cong Liu, 2011 .

Work Resources, Work-to-Family Conflict, and its Consequences: A Taiwanese-British Cross-Cultural Comparison

Paul E. Spector, Juan I. Sanchez, C. Cooper, 2009 .

The Role of Workplace Factors on Health

Paul E. Spector, 2009 .

The Many Roles of Control in a Stressor-Emotion Theory of Counterproductive Work Behavior

Paul E. Spector, S. Fox, 2006 .

The Relation of Job Control with Job Strains: A Comparison of Multiple Data Sources

Paul E. Spector, S. Jex, Cong Liu, 2005 .

Eastern versus Western Control Beliefs at Work: An Investigation of Secondary Control, Socioinstrumental Control, and Work Locus of Control in China and the US

Paul E. Spector, Juan I. Sanchez, J. Salgado, 2004 .

Reducing subjectivity in the assessment of the job environment: development of the Factual Autonomy Scale (FAS)

Paul E. Spector, S. Fox, 2003 .

The role of emotions in the occupational stress process

Paul E. Spector, Angeline Goh, 2001 .

A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Job Stressors and Reactions Among Employees Holding Comparable Jobs in Two Countries

Paul E. Spector, L. Narayanan, Shanker Menon, 1999 .

Measurement artifacts in the assessment of counterproductive work behavior and organizational citizenship behavior: do we know what we think we know?

Paul E. Spector, Paul E Spector, Suzy Fox, 2010, The Journal of applied psychology.

CROSS-NATIONAL DIFFERENCES IN RELATIONSHIPS OF WORK DEMANDS, JOB SATISFACTION, AND TURNOVER INTENTIONS WITH WORK-FAMILY CONFLICT

Paul E. Spector, Juan I. Sanchez, P. Brough, 2007 .

Be Mindful of What You Impose on Your Colleagues: Implications of Social Burden for Burdenees' Well-being, Attitudes and Counterproductive Work Behaviour.

Paul E. Spector, D. Caughlin, Cong Liu, 2016, Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress.

A comparative study of managerial stress in greater China : the direct and indirect effects of coping strategies and work locus of control

Paul E. Spector, C. Cooper, O. Siu, 1999 .

Effects of manipulated job stressors and job attitude on perceived job conditions: A simulation

Paul E. Spector, Peter Y. Chen, 1995 .

The Authors Speak: Six I-O Psychology Textbook Authors Discuss How They Decide What to Cite

Paul E. Spector, Michael G. Aamodt, R. Riggio, 2017, Industrial and Organizational Psychology.

Emotions in the workplace

Paul E. Spector, S. Fox, 2002, Human Resource Management Review.

A quantitative and qualitative review of what meta-analyses have contributed to our understanding of human resource management

Paul E. Spector, Stacey R. Kessler, Shani Pindek, 2017 .

Measurement equivalence of the German Job Satisfaction Survey used in a multinational organization: implications of Schwartz's culture model.

Paul E. Spector, Ingwer Borg, Paul E Spector, 2004, The Journal of applied psychology.

A note on item order as an artifact in organizational surveys

Paul E. Spector, C. Michaels, 1983 .

Family-supportive organization perceptions, multiple dimensions of work-family conflict and employee satisfaction

Paul E. Spector, Juan I. Sanchez, P. Brough, 2008 .

Organizational constraints and performance: an indirect effects model

Paul E. Spector, David J. Howard, Shani Pindek, 2019, Journal of Managerial Psychology.

Workdays are not created equal: Job satisfaction and job stressors across the workweek

Paul E. Spector, Zhiqing E. Zhou, Stacey R. Kessler, 2020 .

The Pitfalls of Poor Psychometric Properties: A Rejoinder to Hofstede's Reply to Us

Paul E. Spector, C. Cooper, 2002, Applied Psychology.

Helping may be Harming: unintended negative consequences of providing social support

Paul E. Spector, Morgan Taylor, Briana Young, 2019, Work & Stress.

A comparison of individuals with unanswered callings to those with no calling at all

Paul E. Spector, Michele W. Gazica, 2015 .

Frequently ignored methodological issues in cross-cultural stress research

Paul E. Spector, Juan I. Sanchez, C. Cooper, 2005 .

Will the real mistreatment please stand up? Examining the assumptions and measurement of bullying and incivility

Paul E. Spector, A. Nixon, Maryana L. Arvan, 2021, Work & Stress.

How Often Do I Agree: an Experimental Test of Item Format Method Variance in Stress Measures

Paul E. Spector, A. Nixon, 2019, Occupational Health Science.

Digging deeper into the shared variance among safety-related climates: the need for a general safety climate measure

Paul E. Spector, Stephanie A. Andel, Derek M Hutchinson, 2018, International journal of occupational and environmental health.

Political skill: A proactive inhibitor of workplace aggression exposure and an active buffer of the aggression-strain relationship.

Paul E. Spector, Zhiqing E. Zhou, Liuqin Yang, 2015, Journal of occupational health psychology.

Re-examining Citizenship: How the Control of Measurement Artifacts Affects Observed Relationships of Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Organizational Variables

Paul E. Spector, X. Che, 2014 .

Reciprocal effects of work stressors and counterproductive work behavior: a five-wave longitudinal study.

Paul E. Spector, Laurenz L. Meier, 2013, The Journal of applied psychology.

Age differences in coping and locus of control: a study of managerial stress in Hong Kong.

Paul E. Spector, I. Donald, C. L. Cooper, 2001, Psychology and aging.

Multivariate data analysis for outcome studies

Paul E. Spector, P E Spector, 1981, American journal of community psychology.

Handling Nonorthogonal Analysis of Variance

Paul E. Spector, 1980 .

Relation Between Negative Affectivity and Positive Affectivity: Effects of Judged Desirability of Scale Items and Respondents' Social Desirability

Paul E. Spector, Peter Y. Chen, S. Jex, 1997 .

Job stress and well‐being: An examination from the view of person‐environment fit

Paul E. Spector, Hongsheng Che, Liuquin Yang, 2008 .

The effects of industry risk level on safety training outcomes: A meta-analysis of intervention studies

Paul E. Spector, G. Luria, Shani Pindek, 2021, Safety Science.

The link between national paid leave policy and work-family conflict among married working parents

Paul E. Spector, Ashley A. G. Walvoord, Juan I. Sanchez, 2014 .

Introduction: General versus specific measures and the special case of core self‐evaluations

Paul E. Spector, 2012 .

Discrete Negative Emotions and Counterproductive Work Behavior

Paul E. Spector, J. Bauer, 2015 .

Higher order need strength as a moderator of the job scope employee outcome relationship: A meta-analysis

Paul E. Spector, 1985 .

The dual nature of cyberloafing

Paul E. Spector, 2023, Applied Psychology.

Emotion and Various Forms of Job Performance

Paul E. Spector, 2020 .

The Relationships Between Organizational Citizenship Behavior Demands and Extra-Task Behaviors

Paul E. Spector, Natalie A. Wright, Kevin Askew, 2018, The Psychologist-Manager Journal.

The Moderating Role of Gender in Relationships of Stressors and Personality with Counterproductive Work Behavior

Paul E. Spector, Zhiqing E. Zhou, 2014 .

The Role of Personality and Job Stressors in Predicting Counterproductive Work Behavior: A Three‐Way Interaction

Paul E. Spector, Laurenz L. Meier, Zhiqing E. Zhou, 2014 .

It's all about me: The role of narcissism in exacerbating the relationship between stressors and counterproductive work behaviour

Paul E. Spector, S. Fox, Stacey R. Kessler, 2013 .

Leadership, Interpersonal Conflict, and Counterproductive Work Behavior: An Examination of the Stressor–Strain Process

Paul E. Spector, Stacey R. Kessler, Kari Bruursema, 2013 .

Relations of Interpersonal Unfairness with Counterproductive Work Behavior: The Moderating Role of Employee Self-Identity

Paul E. Spector, Russell E. Johnson, Liuqin Yang, 2013 .

The Moderating Role of Gender in Relationships of Stressors and Personality with Counterproductive Work Behavior

Paul E. Spector, Zhiqing E. Zhou, Paul E. Spector, 2013, Journal of Business and Psychology.

Organizational violence and aggression: Development of the three-factor Violence Climate Survey

Paul E. Spector, C. Chang, Stacey R. Kessler, 2008 .

The Role of Personality and Job Stressors in Predicting Counterproductive Work Behavior: A threeway interaction

Paul E. Spector, Laurenz L. Meier, Zhiqing E. Zhou, 2014 .

Counterproductive work behavior: Investigations of actors and targets.

Paul E. Spector, S. Fox, 2005 .

Concluding thoughts: Where do we go from here?

Paul E. Spector, S. Fox, 2005 .

Examining temporal precedence between customer mistreatment and customer-directed counterproductive work behavior.

Paul E. Spector, Stacey R. Kessler, Shani Pindek, 2020 .

Introduction: Should distinctions be made among different forms of mistreatment at work?

Paul E. Spector, 2011 .

Journal of Applied Psychology Sabbatical Leave : Who Gains and How Much ?

Leslie B. Hammer, Paul E. Spector, A. Kluger, 2010 .

Adding fuel to the fire: The exacerbating effects of calling intensity on the relationship between emotionally disturbing work and employee health.

Paul E. Spector, Stephanie A. Andel, Shani Pindek, 2022, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology.

Safety at Work: Individual and Organizational Factors in Workplace Accidents and Mistreatment

Paul E. Spector, Stephanie A. Andel, Derek M Hutchinson, 2015 .

The Generalizability of Social Information Processing to Organizational Settings: A Summary of two Field Experiments 1

Paul E. Spector, S. Jex, 1989 .

A cross‐cultural comparison of job satisfaction dimensions in the United States and Singapore

Paul E. Spector, J. Wimalasiri, 1986 .

Sexual versus nonsexual workplace aggression and victims' overall job satisfaction: a meta-analysis.

Paul E. Spector, Laurent Lapierre, Joanne Leck, 2005, Journal of occupational health psychology.

Job satisfaction and firm performance: Can employees’ job satisfaction change the trajectory of a firm’s performance?

Paul E. Spector, Stacey R. Kessler, L. Lucianetti, 2020 .

Mastering the Use of Control Variables: the Hierarchical Iterative Control (HIC) Approach

Paul E. Spector, 2020, Journal of Business and Psychology.

Employees’ Well‐being in Greater China: The Direct and Moderating Effects of General Self‐efficacy

Paul E. Spector, O. Siu, Chang‐qin Lu, 2007 .

Managerial Stress in Greater China: The Direct and Moderator Effects of Coping Strategies and Work Locus of Control

Paul E. Spector, C. Cooper, O. Siu, 2002 .

Managerial stress in private and state organisations in Poland

Paul E. Spector, C. Cooper, K. Sparks, 2000 .

The lingering curvilinear effect of workload on employee rumination and negative emotions: A diary study

Paul E. Spector, Stacey R. Kessler, Shani Pindek, 2021, Work & Stress.

Confirmatory Test of a Turnover Model Utilizing Multiple Data Sources

Paul E. Spector, 1991 .

Population Density and Unemployment: The Effects on the Incidence of Violent Crime in the American City

Paul E. Spector, 1975 .

Moving the Pendulum Back to the Middle: Reflections on and Introduction to the Inductive Research Special Issue of Journal of Business and Psychology

Paul E. Spector, S. Zedeck, N. Schmitt, 2014, Journal of Business and Psychology.

A three-phase study to develop and validate a Chinese coping strategies scales in Greater China ☆

Paul E. Spector, C. Cooper, O. Siu, 2006 .

Cross-cultural occupational health psychology

Paul E. Spector, C. Chang, 2010 .

Employee to leader crossover of workload and physical strain.

Paul E. Spector, Stacey R. Kessler, L. Lucianetti, 2020 .

The Effects of Attribution Style and Stakeholder Role on Blame for the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

Paul E. Spector, Mark J. Martinko, Kevin T. Mahoney, 2019 .

The Effects of Thwarting of Aggression on Subsequent Aggression.

Paul E. Spector, H. Hawkins, L. Penner, 1975 .

AN EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THREE PATTERNS OF LEADERSHIP BEHAVIOR

Paul E. Spector, B. Suttell, 1957 .

Redundancy and Dimensionality as Determinants of Data Analytic Strategies in Multivariate Analysis of Variance

Paul E. Spector, 1980 .

A Comparative Study of Perceived Job Stressor Sources and Job Strain in American and Iranian Managers

Paul E. Spector, C. Cooper, M. E. Aguilar-Vafaie, 2002 .

Locus of Control

Paul E. Spector, Kristin N. Saboe, 2015 .

Locus of Control and Social Influence Susceptibility: Are Externals Normative or Informational Conformers?

Paul E. Spector, 1983 .

Introduction: the dispositional approach to job satisfaction

Paul E. Spector, 2005 .

Direct and indirect relationship between social stressors and job performance in Greater China: The role of strain and social support

Paul E. Spector, O. Siu, Chang‐qin Lu, 2013 .

Examining Stress in Graduate Assistants

Paul E. Spector, Kristen M Shockley, E. Walker, 2011 .

Conducting the Item Analysis

Paul E. Spector, 1992 .

“Walking the talk”: the role of frontline supervisors in preventing workplace accidents

Paul E. Spector, Stacey R. Kessler, L. Lucianetti, 2020 .

Why Should We Care about Workplace Stress

Paul E. Spector, 2015 .

Introduction: The challenge–hindrance stressor model

Paul E. Spector, 2019, Journal of Organizational Behavior.

Comparing victim attributions and outcomes for workplace aggression and sexual harassment.

Paul E. Spector, Jana L. Raver, L. Cortina, 2010, The Journal of applied psychology.

Individualism–collectivism as a moderator of the work demands–strains relationship: A cross-level and cross-national examination

Paul E. Spector, Juan I. Sanchez, P. Brough, 2012, Journal of International Business Studies.

Individual differences in the job stress process of health care professionals

Paul E. Spector, 1999 .

How Often Do I Agree: an Experimental Test of Item Format Method Variance in Stress Measures

Paul E. Spector, A. Nixon, 2019, Occupational Health Science.

Research Methods for Studying Workplace Ostracism

Paul E. Spector, David J. Howard, 2021 .

Job satisfaction : application, assessment, cause, and consequences

Paul E. Spector, 1997 .

Occupat ional stress and gender : a cross-cul tural study

Paul E. Spector, C. Cooper, Mike Greyling, 2022 .

Reciprocal effects of work stressors and counterproductive work behavior: a five-wave longitudinal study.

Paul E. Spector, Laurenz L. Meier, 2013, The Journal of applied psychology.

Best Practices for Environmental Education: Guidelines for Success.

Paul E. Spector, M. Conner, D. Hunn, 2000 .

Industrial and Organizational Psychology: Research and Practice

Paul E. Spector, 1995 .

A Monte Carlo study of three approaches to nonorthogonal analysis of variance.

Paul E. Spector, Norman H. Voissem, Walter L. Cone, 1981 .

Methodological Issues in Studying Insidious Workplace Behavior

Paul E. Spector, O. B. Rodopman, 2010 .

Use of both qualitative and quantitative approaches to study job stress in different gender and occupational groups.

Paul E. Spector, Cong Liu, Lin Shi, 2008, Journal of occupational health psychology.

Teaching for retention: I-O students should not be the shoemaker’s children

Paul E. Spector, 2020, Industrial and Organizational Psychology.