I. L. Ward

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Maternal stress alters plasma testosterone in fetal males.

J. Weisz, I. L. Ward, 1980, Science.

Fetal female rats are masculinized by male littermates located caudally in the uterus.

R. Meisel, I. L. Ward, 1981, Science.

Sexual behavior: The product of perinatal hormonal and prepubertal social factors.

I. L. Ward, 1992 .

Differential effect of pre- and postnatal androgen on the sexual behavior of intact and spayed female rats

I. L. Ward, 1969 .

Prenatal stress feminizes and demasculinizes the behavior of males.

I. L. Ward, 1972, Science.

Differential effects of maternal stress on circulating levels of corticosterone, progesterone, and testosterone in male and female rat fetuses and their mothers.

J. Weisz, I. L. Ward, 1984, Endocrinology.

Prenatal alcohol and stress interact to attenuate ejaculatory behavior, but not serum testosterone or LH in adult male rats.

J. French, R. Winn, S. Hendricks, 1996, Behavioral neuroscience.

Male and female sexual behavior potential of male rats prenatally exposed to the influence of alcohol, stress, or both factors.

D. Bielawski, R. Winn, O. Ward, 1994, Behavioral neuroscience.

Prenatal beta-endorphin can modulate some aspects of sexual differentiation in rats.

M. Kashon, W. Grisham, O. Ward, 1992, Behavioral neuroscience.

Effects of prenatal stress on avoidance acquisition, open-field performance and lordotic behavior in male rats

G. Dohanich, R. Meisel, I. L. Ward, 1979, Physiology & Behavior.

Prenatal stress and prepuberal social rearing conditions interact to determine sexual behavior in male rats.

I. L. Ward, J. Reed, 1985, Behavioral neuroscience.

The prenatal stress syndrome: Current status

I. L. Ward, 1984, Psychoneuroendocrinology.

Sexual Differentiation

E. K. Shriver, Richard H. Held, P. Marler, 1992, Handbooks of Behavioral Neurobiology.

Postparturitional Testosterone Surge in Male Offspring of Rats Stressed and/or Fed Ethanol during Late Pregnancy

J. French, J. Denning, S. Hendricks, 2002, Hormones and Behavior.

Intralimbic progesterone and methysergide facilitate lordotic behavior in estrogen-primed female rats.

I. L. Ward, J. A. Franck, 1981, Neuroendocrinology.

Monoaminergic mediation of female sexual behavior.

W. R. Crowley, F. Zemlan, I. L. Ward, 1975, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

Prenatal Stress Feminizes and Demasculinizes the Behavior of Males

I. Ward, I. L. Ward, 1972, Science.

Developmental Psychobiology

P. Teitelbaum, E. Luschei, E. Blass, 2001, Handbook of Behavioral Neurobiology.

Plasma testosterone and progesterone titers of pregnant rats, their male and female fetuses, and neonatal offspring.

J. Weisz, I. L. Ward, 1980, Endocrinology.

Female sexual behavior in male rats treated prenatally with an anti-androgen.

I. L. Ward, 1972, Physiology & behavior.

Effects of prenatal exogenous androgen on the sexual behavior of the female albino rat.

A. Gerall, I. L. Ward, 1966 .

Prenatal and neonatal androgen exposure interact to affect sexual differentiation in female rats.

I. L. Ward, B. A. Hoepfner, B. Hoepfner, 1988, Behavioral neuroscience.

Plasma luteinizing hormone levels in normal and prenatally stressed male and female rat fetuses and their mothers.

J. Weisz, I. L. Ward, R. Salisbury, 1989, Biology of reproduction.

Fetal testosterone surge: specific modulations induced in male rats by maternal stress and/or alcohol consumption

J. French, John D Affuso, Ingeborg L Ward, 2003, Hormones and Behavior.

Hormonal Mechanisms Underlying Aberrant Sexual Differentiation in Male Rats Prenatally Exposed to Alcohol, Stress, or Both

J. French, J. Denning, S. Hendricks, 2002, Archives of sexual behavior.

Androgen Threshold to Activate Copulation Differs in Male Rats Prenatally Exposed to Alcohol, Stress, or Both Factors

A. L. Bennett, J. French, S. Hendricks, 1999, Hormones and Behavior.

Naltrexone Normalizes the Suppression but not the Surge of Δ5-3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Activity in Leydig Cells of Stressed Rat Fetuses

J. Weisz, J. Orth, O. Ward, 1990 .

Fetal Alcohol Exposure Blocks Full Masculinization of the Dorsolateral Nucleus in Rat Spinal Cord

J. Denning, O. Ward, I. L. Ward, 1999, Physiology & Behavior.

Reproductive functioning in the prenatally stressed female rat.

I. L. Ward, S. Beckhardt, 1983, Developmental psychobiology.

Exogenous androgen activates female behavior in noncopulating, prenatally stressed male rats.

I. L. Ward, 1977, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

Consequences of perinatal hormone manipulation on the adult sexual behavior of female rats.

I. L. Ward, F. Renz, Francis J. Renz, 1972, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

Handbook of behavioral neurobiology. Volume 11. Sexual differentiation.

A. Gerall, H. Moltz, I. L. Ward, 1992 .

Activation of Lordotic Responding in Female Rats by Suppression of Serotonergic Activity

W. R. Crowley, D. Margules, F. Zemlan, 1973, Science.

Effects of prolonged androgen on the sexual behavior of intact and spayed female rats

I. L. Ward, E. Sperr, 1969 .

Sexual Behavior Differentiation

O. Ward, I. L. Ward, 1985 .

Disruption of the male rat's sexual behaviour induced by social isolation.

A. Gerall, I. L. Ward, H. D. Gerall, 1967, Animal behaviour.

Prenatal stress feminizes juvenile play patterns in male rats

I. Ward, Kathleen E. Stehm, I. L. Ward, 1991, Physiology & Behavior.

Prenatal stress alters sexually dimorphic nuclei in the spinal cord of male rats

W. Grisham, I. L. Ward, M. Kerchner, 1991, Brain Research.

Maternal stress decreases steroid aromatase activity in brains of male and female rat fetuses.

B. Brown, J. Weisz, I. L. Ward, 1982, Neuroendocrinology.

Sexually dimorphic areas in the rat medial amygdala: resistance to the demasculinizing effect of prenatal stress

O. Ward, C. Malsbury, I. L. Ward, 1995, Brain Research.

SDN-MPOA volume in male rats is decreased by prenatal stress, but is not related to ejaculatory behavior

I. L. Ward, M. Kerchner, 1992, Brain Research.

Naltrexone blocks the effects of prenatal stress on sexual behavior differentiation in male rats

O. Ward, I. L. Ward, E. P. Monaghan, 1986, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

Offspring of Rats Stressed and / or Fed Ethanol during Late Pregnancy

J. French, J. Denning, S. Hendricks, 2002 .

Prepuberal social rearing conditions and sexual behavior in control and neonatally castrated male rats

I. L. Ward, Mickey D. Isaacson, 1986, Physiology & Behavior.

Environmental stress alters the developmental pattern of delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in Leydig cells of fetal rats: a quantitative cytochemical study.

J. Weisz, J. Orth, O. Ward, 1983, Biology of reproduction.

Effects of maternal stress on the sexual behavior of male offspring.

I. L. Ward, 1983, Monographs in neural sciences.

Nerve growth factor: intense polydipsia of long duration produced by ventral diencephalic application

D. Margules, I. L. Ward, M. Perkins, 1979, Brain Research.

Effects of perinatal androstenedione on sexual differentiation in female rats.

I. L. Ward, H. B. Popolow, 1978, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

Conceptual and technical contributions from a pioneer in behavioral endocrinology

O. Ward, I. L. Ward, 2009, Hormones and Behavior.

Female lordotic behavior mediated by monoamines in male rats.

W. R. Crowley, I. L. Ward, 1975, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

Sexual behavior differentiation: Prenatal hormonal and environmental control.

I. L. Ward, 1974 .

Patterns of ano-genital licking mother rats exhibit toward prenatally stressed neonates

J. Melniczek, I. L. Ward, 1994, Physiology & Behavior.

Prenatal flutamide alters sexually dimorphic nuclei in the spinal cord of male rats

M. Kashon, J. Casto, W. Grisham, 1992, Brain Research.

Central progesterone induces female sexual behavior in estrogen-primed intact males rats.

W. R. Crowley, J. Franck, I. L. Ward, 1977, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

Sexual behavior in male rats following intracerebral estrogen application.

G. Dohanich, I. L. Ward, 1980, Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology.