Karl Leo

Frank Ellinger, Bahman Kheradmand Boroujeni, Karl Leo, 2016, 2016 13th International Conference on Synthesis, Modeling, Analysis and Simulation Methods and Applications to Circuit Design (SMACD).

N-type doping of organic electron transport materials for solar cells

Martin Pfeiffer, Karl Leo, Bert Maennig, 2004, SPIE Photonics Europe.

Ambipolar organic permeable base transistors

Karl Leo, Axel Fischer, Daniel Kasemann, 2015, SPIE Organic Photonics + Electronics.

Efficient and long-term stable organic vacuum deposited tandem solar cells

Gregor Schwartz, Karsten Walzer, Karl Leo, 2009, Photonics Europe.

Structural evolution and on-demand growth of artificial synapses via field-directed polymerization pdf

Hans Kleemann, Karl Leo, Matteo Cucchi, 2021, ArXiv.

Organic Zener diodes: tunneling across the gap in organic semiconductor materials.

Hans Kleemann, Karl Leo, Gianaurelio Cuniberti, 2010, Nano letters.

An inter-laboratory stability study of roll-to-roll coated flexible polymer solar modules

Suren A. Gevorgyan, Yulia Galagan, Christoph J. Brabec, 2011 .

White top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes with forward directed emission and high color quality

Karl Leo, Sebastian Reineke, Björn Lüssem, 2010 .

Top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes.

Karl Leo, Björn Lüssem, Michael Thomschke, 2011, Optics express.

Organic solar cells on indium tin oxide and aluminum doped zinc oxide anodes

Karl Leo, Bert Maennig, Jürgen Hüpkes, 2007 .

Chemical degradation mechanisms of highly efficient blue phosphorescent emitters used for organic light emitting diodes

Malte C. Gather, Karl Leo, Björn Lüssem, 2013 .

Organic p-i-n solar cells

Martin Pfeiffer, Karl Leo, Dieter Meissner, 2004 .

Doped organic transistors operating in the inversion and depletion regime

Hans Kleemann, Karl Leo, Björn Lüssem, 2013, Nature Communications.

Doped organic semiconductors: Physics and application in light emitting diodes

Xiang Zhou, Martin Pfeiffer, Karl Leo, 2003 .

Impact of mesoscale order on open-circuit voltage in organic solar cells.

Karl Leo, Klaus Meerholz, Dirk Hertel, 2015, Nature materials.

A Pulse-Biasing Small-Signal Measurement Technique Enabling 40 MHz Operation of Vertical Organic Transistors

Frank Ellinger, Hans Kleemann, Karl Leo, 2018, Scientific reports.

Efficient Organic Tandem Solar Cells based on Small Molecules

Gregor Schwartz, Martin Pfeiffer, Karl Leo, 2011 .

Highly efficient semitransparent tandem organic solar cells with complementary absorber materials

Karl Leo, Jan Meiss, Moritz Riede, 2011 .

50.1: OLED Devices Manufactured using a Vertical In‐Line Concept

Karl Leo, Uwe Hoffmann, M. Eritt, 2004 .

Low-voltage inverted transparent vacuum deposited organic light-emitting diodes using electrical doping

Xiang Zhou, Martin Pfeiffer, Karl Leo, 2002 .

Photovoltaic Devices: Highly Conductive PEDOT:PSS Electrode with Optimized Solvent and Thermal Post‐Treatment for ITO‐Free Organic Solar Cells (Adv. Funct. Mater. 6/2011)

Karl Leo, Lars Müller-Meskamp, Christian May, 2011 .

Optimizing organic photovoltaics using tailored heterojunctions: A photoinduced absorption study of oligothiophenes with low band gaps

Martin Pfeiffer, Karl Leo, Bert Maennig, 2008 .

White top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes employing a heterostructure of down-conversion layers

Karl Leo, Sebastian Reineke, Björn Lüssem, 2011 .

Molecular ordering and charge transport in a dicyanovinyl-substituted quaterthiophene thin film

Karl Leo, Moritz Riede, Denis Andrienko, 2013 .

Coherent mode coupling in highly efficient top-emitting OLEDs on periodically corrugated substrates.

Karl Leo, Tobias Schwab, Malte C Gather, 2014, Optics express.

Efficiency Enhancement of Organic Solar Cells by Fabricating Periodic Surface Textures using Direct Laser Interference Patterning

Karl Leo, Teja Roch, Andrés Fabián Lasagni, 2012, Advanced materials.

Perovskite photovoltaics: Signs of stability.

Karl Leo, K. Leo, 2015, Nature nanotechnology.

OBSERVATION OF BLOCH OSCILLATIONS IN A SEMICONDUCTOR SUPERLATTICE

Patrick Leisching, Karl Leo, Jagdeep Shah, 1993 .

Inhomogeneous luminance in organic light emitting diodes related to electrode resistivity

Karsten Walzer, Karl Leo, Kristiaan Neyts, 2006 .

Doping of organic semiconductors

Martin Pfeiffer, Karl Leo, Ansgar Werner, 2013 .

Continuously tunable laser emission from a wedge-shaped organic microcavity

Karl Leo, Hartmut Fröb, Markas Sudzius, 2008 .

Near-infrared absorbing semitransparent organic solar cells

Karl Leo, Jan Meiss, Moritz Riede, 2011 .

Interface electronic structure of organic semiconductors with controlled doping levels

Martin Pfeiffer, Karl Leo, Jan Blochwitz, 2001 .

White organic light-emitting diodes with fluorescent tube efficiency

Gregor Schwartz, Karsten Walzer, Karl Leo, 2009, Nature.

Using Interlayer Step-Wise Triplet Transfer to Achieve an Efficient White Organic Light-Emitting Diode with High Color-Stability

Bruce E. Gnade, Karl Leo, Qiquan Qiao, 2014 .

Impact of temperature on the efficiency of organic light emitting diodes

Malte C. Gather, Karl Leo, Martin Hermenau, 2015 .

Optical investigation of Bloch oscillations in a semiconductor superlattice.

David A. B. Miller, Karl Leo, John E. Cunningham, 1992 .

We Want Our Photons Back: Simple Nanostructures for White Organic Light-Emitting Diode Outcoupling

Malte C. Gather, Karl Leo, Hong-Wei Chang, 2014 .

Efficient organic solar cells based on a double p-i-n architecture using doped wide-gap transport layers

Martin Pfeiffer, Karl Leo, F. Kozlowski, 2005 .

Reduced efficiency roll-off in phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes by suppression of triplet-triplet annihilation

Gregor Schwartz, Karsten Walzer, Karl Leo, 2007 .

Influence of organic capping layers on the performance of transparent organic light-emitting diodes.

Karl Leo, Björn Lüssem, Michael Thomschke, 2011, Optics letters.

Performance improvement of top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes by an organic capping layer: An experimental study

Karsten Walzer, Karl Leo, Qiang Huang, 2006 .

Adjustable white-light emission from a photo-structured micro-OLED array

Karl Leo, Sebastian Reineke, Simone Lenk, 2016, Light: Science & Applications.

Efficiency and rate of spontaneous emission in organic electroluminescent devices

Karl Leo, Björn Lüssem, Rico Meerheim, 2012 .

LOW VOLTAGE ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODES FEATURING DOPED PHTHALOCYANINE AS HOLE TRANSPORT MATERIAL

Martin Pfeiffer, Karl Leo, Jan Blochwitz, 1998 .

4.4L: Late‐News Paper: Novel OLEDs for Full Color Displays with Highest Power Efficiencies and Long Lifetime

Jan Birnstock, Martin Pfeiffer, Karl Leo, 2005 .

Doped Organic Transistors.

Zhenan Bao, Karl Leo, Björn Lüssem, 2016, Chemical reviews.

Top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes: Influence of cavity design

Karl Leo, Björn Lüssem, Michael Thomschke, 2010 .

Band structure engineering in organic semiconductors

Feng Gao, Karl Leo, Denis Andrienko, 2016, Science.

Organic pin-diodes approaching ultra-high-frequencies

Frank Ellinger, Hans Kleemann, Karl Leo, 2012 .

Light trapping in organic solar cells

Karl Leo, Andreas Gombert, Michael Niggemann, 2008 .

Correlation between morphology and performance of low bandgap oligothiophene:C60 mixed heterojunctions in organic solar cells

Karl Leo, Moritz Riede, David Wynands, 2010 .

Triplet Harvesting in Hybrid White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes

Gregor Schwartz, Karsten Walzer, Karl Leo, 2009 .

The influence of laterally inhomogeneous corrosion on electrical and optical calcium moisture barrier characterization.

Karl Leo, Tobias Mönch, Lars Müller-Meskamp, 2013, The Review of scientific instruments.

Electrophosphorescent p–i–n Organic Light‐Emitting Devices for Very‐High‐Efficiency Flat‐Panel Displays

Stephen R. Forrest, Martin Pfeiffer, Karl Leo, 2002 .

Improvement of Transparent Metal Top Electrodes for Organic Solar Cells by Introducing a High Surface Energy Seed Layer

Karl Leo, Jan Meiss, Lars Müller-Meskamp, 2013 .

A low drive voltage, transparent, metal-free n-i-p electrophosphorescent light emitting diode

Stephen R. Forrest, Xiang Zhou, Karl Leo, 2003 .

Efficiency Roll‐Off in Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes

Caroline Murawski, Karl Leo, Malte C Gather, 2013, Advanced materials.

Organic Power Electronics: Transistor Operation in the kA/cm2 Regime

Frank Ellinger, Karl Leo, Axel Fischer, 2017, Scientific Reports.

High-efficiency electrophosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes with double light-emitting layers

Xiang Zhou, Karl Leo, Dashan Qin, 2002 .

Storage of charge carriers on emitter molecules in organic light-emitting diodes

Karl Leo, Sebastian Reineke, Caroline Weichsel, 2012 .

Detection of Bloch oscillations in a semiconductor superlattice by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy and degenerate four-wave mixing

Karl Leo, Hartmut G. Roskos, Heinrich Kurz, 1994 .

Observation of Bloch oscillations in a semiconductor superlattice

Karl Leo, Klaus Köhler, K. Köhler, 1992 .

Singlet exciton diffusion length in organic light-emitting diodes

Malte C. Gather, Karl Leo, Björn Lüssem, 2012 .

High‐efficiency p‐i‐n organic light‐emitting diodes with long lifetime

Jan Birnstock, Martin Pfeiffer, Karsten Walzer, 2005 .

Dynamics of a high-Q vertical-cavity organic laser

Karl Leo, Robert Gehlhaar, Marko Swoboda, 2005 .

Color in the Corners: ITO‐Free White OLEDs with Angular Color Stability

Alberto Salleo, Karl Leo, Björn Lüssem, 2013, Advanced materials.

Systematic investigation of transparent organic light-emitting diodes depending on top metal electrode thickness

Karl Leo, Björn Lüssem, Michael Thomschke, 2011 .

High efficiency organic solar cells based on single or multiple PIN structures

Martin Pfeiffer, Karl Leo, F. Kozlowski, 2004 .

Very-low-operating-voltage organic light-emitting diodes using a p-doped amorphous hole injection layer

Xiang Zhou, Karl Leo, Ansgar Werner, 2001 .

Organic Mip-diodes by p-doping of amorphous wide-gap semiconductors: CV and impedance spectroscopy

Xiang Zhou, Martin Pfeiffer, Karl Leo, 2002 .

Investigation of Driving Forces for Charge Extraction in Organic Solar Cells: Transient Photocurrent Measurements on Solar Cells Showing S‐Shaped Current–Voltage Characteristics

Karl Leo, Moritz Riede, Wolfgang Tress, 2013 .

Near-infrared organic light emitting diodes based on heavy metal phthalocyanines

Karsten Walzer, Karl Leo, Thomas Rosenow, 2008 .

Ultrastable and efficient red organic light emitting diodes with doped transport layers

Karsten Walzer, Karl Leo, Rico Meerheim, 2006 .

White organic light-emitting diodes: Status and perspective

Karl Leo, Sebastian Reineke, Michael Thomschke, 2013, 1302.3435.

Balanced ambipolar charge carrier mobility in mixed layers for application in hybrid white organic light-emitting diodes

Tung Huei Ke, Gregor Schwartz, Karsten Walzer, 2008 .

Pyronin B as a donor for n-type doping of organic thin films

Karl Leo, Kentaro Harada, Fenghong Li, 2003 .

Room‐temperature, short‐wavelength (400–500 nm) photoluminescence from silicon‐implanted silicon dioxide films

Karl Leo, Wolfgang Skorupa, Rossen A. Yankov, 1996 .

Impedance model of trap states for characterization of organic semiconductor devices

Karl Leo, Moritz Riede, K. Leo, 2012 .

Integration of molecular-layer-deposited aluminum alkoxide interlayers into inorganic nanolaminate barriers for encapsulation of organic electronics with improved stress resistance

Karl Leo, Thomas Mikolajick, Uwe Schroeder, 2015 .

Correlating the transition dipole moment orientation of phosphorescent emitter molecules in OLEDs with basic material properties

Caroline Murawski, Malte C. Gather, Karl Leo, 2014 .

Origin of open circuit voltage in planar and bulk heterojunction organic thin-film photovoltaics depending on doped transport layers

Martin Pfeiffer, Karl Leo, Moritz Riede, 2008 .

Influence of Hole‐Transport Layers and Donor Materials on Open‐Circuit Voltage and Shape of I–V Curves of Organic Solar Cells

Karl Leo, Moritz Riede, Wolfgang Tress, 2011 .

Enhancing the efficiency of alternating current driven organic light-emitting devices by optimizing the operation frequency

Malte C. Gather, Karl Leo, Björn Lüssem, 2013 .

White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Fluorescent Tube Efficiency

Gregor Schwartz, Karsten Walzer, Karl Leo, 2009 .

Coupled plasmonic modes in organic planar microcavities

Malte C. Gather, Karl Leo, Björn Lüssem, 2012 .

Role of oxygen-bonds in the degradation process of phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes

Karl Leo, Björn Lüssem, K. Leo, 2011 .

Highly Efficient Color Stable Inverted White Top‐Emitting OLEDs with Ultra‐Thin Wetting Layer Top Electrodes

Malte C. Gather, Karl Leo, Michael Thomschke, 2013 .

Interrelation between Crystal Packing and Small‐Molecule Organic Solar Cell Performance

Matthias Weil, Martin Pfeiffer, Karl Leo, 2012, Advanced materials.

Towards efficient tin-doped indium oxide (ITO)-free inverted organic solar cells using metal cathodes

Karl Leo, Jan Meiss, Moritz Riede, 2009 .

Combined alternative electrodes for semi-transparent and ITO-free small molecule organic solar cells

Karl Leo, Jan Meiss, Anvar Zakhidov, 2012 .

Advanced Organic Permeable‐Base Transistor with Superior Performance

Frank Ellinger, Karl Leo, Björn Lüssem, 2015, Advanced materials.

Bulk-heterojunction photovoltaic devices based on donor-acceptor organic small molecule blends

Martin Pfeiffer, Karl Leo, Bert Maennig, 2003 .

Organic narrowband near-infrared photodetectors based on intermolecular charge-transfer absorption

Karl Leo, Andreas Mischok, Hartmut Fröb, 2017, Nature Communications.

CONDENSED MATTER: STRUCTURAL, MECHANICAL, AND THERMAL PROPERTIES 3202 Controlled doping of phthalocyanine layers by cosublimation with acceptor molecules: A systematic Seebeck and conductivity study

Robert A Norwood, Stephen M. Emo, Karl Leo, 1998 .

Tetrabutyl-tetraphenyl-diindenoperylene derivatives as alternative green donor in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells

Karl Leo, Jan Meiss, Moritz Riede, 2011 .

Transient absorption spectroscopy and quantum-chemical studies of matrix-isolated perylene derivatives

David Beljonne, Karl Leo, Michael J. Hoffmann, 2006 .

High-efficiency and low-voltage p‐i‐n electrophosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes with double-emission layers

Jan Birnstock, Martin Pfeiffer, Karl Leo, 2004 .

Combination of a polyaniline anode and doped charge transport layers for high-efficiency organic light emitting diodes

Gregor Schwartz, Karsten Walzer, Karl Leo, 2007 .

The lowest energy Frenkel and charge-transfer excitons in quasi-one-dimensional structures: application to MePTCDI and PTCDA crystals

Karl Leo, M. Hoffmann, Torsten Fritz, 2000 .

Operation mechanism of high performance organic permeable base transistors with an insulated and perforated base electrode

Karl Leo, Thomas Koprucki, Annegret Glitzky, 2016 .

Highly efficient top emitting organic light-emitting diodes with organic outcoupling enhancement layers

Martin Pfeiffer, Karsten Walzer, Karl Leo, 2006 .

Three-terminal RGB full-color OLED pixels for ultrahigh density displays

Karl Leo, Sebastian Reineke, Simone Lenk, 2018, Scientific Reports.

Achieving High Efficiency and Improved Stability in ITO‐Free Transparent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Conductive Polymer Electrodes

Malte C. Gather, Karl Leo, Lars Müller-Meskamp, 2013 .

Efficient Vacuum‐Deposited Organic Solar Cells Based on a New Low‐Bandgap Oligothiophene and Fullerene C60

Martin Pfeiffer, Karl Leo, Peter Bäuerle, 2006 .

OLED manufacturing for large area lighting applications

M. Toerker, Karl Leo, Christian May, 2010 .

Origin of damages in OLED from Al top electrode deposition by DC magnetron sputtering

M. Toerker, Karl Leo, Hubert Lakner, 2010 .

Bi‐directional organic light‐emitting diodes with nanoparticle‐enhanced light outcoupling

Malte C. Gather, Karl Leo, Chung-Chih Wu, 2013 .

Self-heating effects in organic semiconductor crossbar structures with small active area

Karl Leo, Klaus Gärtner, Björn Lüssem, 2012 .

Very high-efficiency and low voltage phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes based on a p-i-n junction

Xiang Zhou, Martin Pfeiffer, Karl Leo, 2004 .

Water and oxygen induced degradation of small molecule organic solar cells

Suren A. Gevorgyan, Karl Leo, Kion Norrman, 2011 .

Influence of Meso and Nanoscale Structure on the Properties of Highly Efficient Small Molecule Solar Cells

Pascal Friederich, Karl Leo, Wolfgang Wenzel, 2016 .

An all C60 vertical transistor for high frequency and high current density applications

Karl Leo, Björn Lüssem, Axel Fischer, 2012 .

Organic light-emitting diodes under high currents explored by transient electroluminescence on the nanosecond scale

Karl Leo, R. Brückner, H. Fröb, 2011 .

Comparative study of microscopic charge dynamics in crystalline acceptor-substituted oligothiophenes.

Karl Leo, Moritz Riede, Denis Andrienko, 2012, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

Strong blue and violet photoluminescence and electroluminescence from germanium-implanted and silicon-implanted silicon-dioxide layers

Karl Leo, Lars Rebohle, Wolfgang Skorupa, 1997 .

Improved organic p-i-n type solar cells with n-doped fluorinated hexaazatrinaphthylene derivatives HATNA-F-6 and HATNA-F-12 as transparent electron transport material

Karl Leo, Christiane Falkenberg, Martin Baumgarten, 2014 .

High-field transport in semiconductor superlattices

Karl Leo, K. Leo, 2003 .

Lifetime of organic light emitting diodes on polymer anodes

Karsten Walzer, Karl Leo, Rico Meerheim, 2008 .

Impact of molecular quadrupole moments on the energy levels at organic heterojunctions

Karl Leo, Gianaurelio Cuniberti, Dieter Neher, 2019, Nature Communications.

Total charge amount as indicator for the degradation of small molecule organic solar cells

Karl Leo, Moritz Riede, Martin Hermenau, 2011 .

Triplet-exciton quenching in organic phosphorescent light-emitting diodes with Ir-based emitters

Karsten Walzer, Karl Leo, Sebastian Reineke, 2007 .

Nano-particle based scattering layers for optical efficiency enhancement of organic light-emitting diodes and organic solar cells

Malte C. Gather, Karl Leo, Chung-Chih Wu, 2013 .

29.1: Full Color Active Matrix OLED Displays with High Aperture Ratio

Jan Birnstock, Martin Pfeiffer, Karl Leo, 2004 .

Dissipative dynamics of an electronic wavepacket in a semiconductor double well potential

Karl Leo, Shun Lien Chuang, Jagdeep Shah, 1992 .

Reduced efficiency roll-off in high-efficiency hybrid white organic light-emitting diodes

Gregor Schwartz, Karsten Walzer, Karl Leo, 2008 .

Harvesting Triplet Excitons from Fluorescent Blue Emitters in White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes

Gregor Schwartz, Martin Pfeiffer, Karsten Walzer, 2007 .

Molecular-scale simulation of electroluminescence in a multilayer white organic light-emitting diode.

Karl Leo, Björn Lüssem, Jeroen J. M. van der Holst, 2013, Nature materials.

Characterization of tandem organic solar cells

Karl Leo, Wilhelm Warta, Moritz Riede, 2015 .

Optimizing the morphology of metal multilayer films for indium tin oxide (ITO)-free inverted organic solar cells

Karl Leo, Jan Meiss, Moritz Riede, 2009 .

Low-voltage organic electroluminescent devices using pin structures

Martin Pfeiffer, Karl Leo, Jingsong Huang, 2002 .

Feel the Heat: Nonlinear Electrothermal Feedback in Organic LEDs

Karl Leo, Klaus Gärtner, Björn Lüssem, 2013 .

In-line deposition of organic light-emitting devices for large area applications

M. Toerker, Karl Leo, Michael Eritt, 2008 .

Comparing the emissive dipole orientation of two similar phosphorescent green emitter molecules in highly efficient organic light-emitting diodes

Caroline Murawski, Malte C. Gather, Karl Leo, 2012 .

Correlation of π-conjugated oligomer structure with film morphology and organic solar cell performance.

Matthias Weil, Karl Leo, Moritz Riede, 2012, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

Highly efficient white organic light emitting diodes comprising an interlayer to separate fluorescent and phosphorescent regions

Gregor Schwartz, Karsten Walzer, Karl Leo, 2006 .