c-di-GMP is a major secondary-messenger molecule in regulation of bacterial pathogenesis. Therefore, the c-di-GMP-mediated signal transduction network is of considerable interest. The PilZ domain was ...
Xylella fastidiosa must coordinately regulate a variety of traits contributing to biofilm formation, host plant and vector colonization, and transmission between plants. Traits such as production of e...
Xanthomonas is a large genus of bacteria that collectively cause disease on more than 300 plant species. The broad host rangeofthegenuscontrastswithstringenthostandtissuespecificityforindividualspecies...
Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac) causes citrus canker disease, a major threat to citrus production worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests that the formation of biofilms on citrus leaves plays...
When Pseudomonas putida KT2440 cells encounter toluene in the growth medium, they perceive it simultaneously as a potential nutrient to be metabolized, as a membrane-damaging toxic drug to be extruded...
We report the transfer of cellulose synthesis genes (acsABΔC) from the heterotropic alpha proteobacterium, Gluconacetobacter xylinus strain ATCC 53582 to a photosynthetic microbe (Synechococcus leopol...
Two-component signal transduction based on phosphotransfer from a histidine protein kinase to a response regulator protein is a prevalent strategy for coupling environmental stimuli to adaptive respon...
Two chemical signaling systems, quorum sensing (QS) and 3 (cid:1) ,5 (cid:1) -cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP), reciprocally control biofilm formation in Vibrio cholerae . QS is the process by which b...
Two areas of research have recently converged to highlight important roles for Mn(2+) in pathogenesis: the recognition that both bacterial Nramp homologs and members of LraI family of proteins are Mn(...
The ubiquitous bacterial second messenger c‐di‐GMP regulates the expression of various virulence determinants in a wide range of bacterial pathogens. Several studies have suggested that proteins with ...
The red-pigmented prodiginines are bioactive secondary metabolites produced by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Recently, these tripyrrole molecules have received renewed attention owing...
The quorum-sensing bacterium Vibrio harveyi produces and responds to three autoinducers (AIs), and this sensory information converges to control the expression of bioluminescence, biofilm formation, t...
The promise of genome sequencing was that the vast undiscovered country would be mapped out by comparison of the multitude of sequences available and would aid researchers in deciphering the role of e...
The pollen tube is a cellular protuberance formed by the pollen grain, or male gametophyte, in flowering plants. Its principal metabolic activity is the synthesis and assembly of cell wall material, w...
The nucleotide second messenger 3'-5' cyclic diguanylate monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is a central regulator of the transition between motile and non-motile lifestyles in bacteria, favoring sessility. Mos...
The innate immune system functions as the first line of defense against invading bacteria and viruses. In this context, the cGAS/STING [cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP)-adenosine monophosphate (AM...
The gram-negative enteric bacterium Proteus mirabilis is a frequent cause of urinary tract infections in individuals with long-term indwelling catheters or with complicated urinary tracts (e.g., due t...
The first bacterial genome was sequenced in 1995, and the first archaeal genome in 1996. Soon after these breakthroughs, an exponential rate of genome sequencing was established, with a doubling time ...
The cell wall is a vital and multi-functional part of bacterial cells. For Staphylococcus aureus, an important human bacterial pathogen, surface proteins and cell wall polymers are essential for adhes...
The PIRSF protein classification system (http://pir.georgetown.edu/pirsf/) reflects evolutionary relationships of full-length proteins and domains. The primary PIRSF classification unit is the homeomo...