Pharmacotherapy of multiple sclerosis: current status.

Pharmacotherapy plays an important part in the overall management of patients with multiple sclerosis. Most therapies directed at altering the natural history of the underlying disease process are only partially effective or are controversial or experimental. However, many effective symptomatic therapies are available to the clinician. The action and uses of corticosteroids in multiple sclerosis are discussed, and approaches to the treatment of spasticity, paroxysmal disorders, bladder dysfunction, cerebellar ataxia, neurobehavioral manifestations, fatigue, and acute and chronic pain in patients with multiple sclerosis are examined.

[1]  A. Compston,et al.  The effect of methylprednisolone on lymphocyte phenotype and function in patients with multiple sclerosis , 1990, Journal of Neuroimmunology.

[2]  M. Latash,et al.  Intrathecal Baclofen for Severe Spinal Spasticity , 1989, The New England journal of medicine.

[3]  K. Foley,et al.  Pain syndromes in multiple sclerosis , 1988, Neurology.

[4]  S. Cook,et al.  Steroid therapy in multiple sclerosis. Point of view. , 1987, Archives of neurology.

[5]  M. Kassirer,et al.  Pain in multiple sclerosis. , 1987, The American journal of nursing.

[6]  B. Morgan,et al.  A double-blind controlled trial of high dose methylprednisolone in patients with multiple sclerosis: 2. Laboratory results. , 1987, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[7]  R. Newcombe,et al.  A double-blind controlled trial of high dose methylprednisolone in patients with multiple sclerosis: 1. Clinical effects. , 1987, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[8]  M. Hallett,et al.  Controlled trial of isoniazid therapy for severe postural cerebellar tremor in multiple sclerosis , 1985, Neurology.

[9]  S. Cook,et al.  The effect of oral corticosteroid dosage on CT enhancing multiple sclerosis plaques , 1985, Journal of the Neurological Sciences.

[10]  R. Schiffer,et al.  Treatment of pathologic laughing and weeping with amitriptyline. , 1985, The New England journal of medicine.

[11]  L. Scheinberg,et al.  Clinical Features of Multiple Sclerosis , 1985 .

[12]  R. A. Davidoff.  Antispasticity drugs: Mechanisms of action , 1985, Annals of neurology.

[13]  D. Dick,et al.  Intravenous methylprednisolone for multiple sclerosis in relapse. , 1985, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[14]  G. Hanks.  Psychotropic drugs. , 1984, Postgraduate medical journal.

[15]  R. Schiffer,et al.  Behavioral disorders in multiple sclerosis, temporal lobe epilepsy, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. An epidemiologic study. , 1984, Archives of neurology.

[16]  E. Melamed,et al.  Paroxysmal dystonia as the initial manifestation of multiple sclerosis. , 1984, Archives of neurology.

[17]  D. Paty,et al.  A serial study of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis , 1984, Annals of neurology.

[18]  R. Schiffer,et al.  Depressive episodes in patients with multiple sclerosis. , 1983, The American journal of psychiatry.

[19]  E. Reske‐Nielsen,et al.  Association of trigeminal neuralgia with multiple sclerosis: Clinical and pathological features , 1982, Acta neurologica Scandinavica.

[20]  D. Lakatua,et al.  ACTH‐induced cortisol production in multiple sclerosis , 1981, Annals of neurology.

[21]  G. Fromm,et al.  Complications of baclofen withdrawal. , 1981, Archives of neurology.

[22]  A. Wein.  Classification of neurogenic voiding dysfunction. , 1981, The Journal of urology.

[23]  S. Cook,et al.  Possible beneficial effect of high‐dose intravenous steroid therapy in acute demyelinating disease and transverse myelitis , 1980, Neurology.

[24]  G. Snider,et al.  Pleuropericardial reaction to treatment with dantrolene. , 1979, JAMA.

[25]  M. Kelly-Hayes,et al.  Baclofen for spasticity in multiple sclerosis Double‐blind crossover and three‐year study , 1978, Neurology.

[26]  J. Boitnott,et al.  Dantrolene-associated hepatic injury. Incidence and character. , 1977, Gastroenterology.

[27]  R. Byyny.  Withdrawal from glucocorticoid therapy. , 1976, The New England journal of medicine.

[28]  J. Desmedt,et al.  Effect of dantrolene sodium on calcium movements in single muscle fibres , 1974, Nature.

[29]  P. Trouillas,et al.  Epilepsy with Multiple Sclerosis , 1971, Epilepsia.

[30]  L. Liversedge,et al.  Long-term treatment of multiple sclerosis with corticotrophin. , 1967, Lancet.

[31]  J. Prineas.  Management of bladder dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. , 1966, Nursing mirror and midwives journal.

[32]  T. Fog.  THE LONG‐TERM TREATMENT OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS WITH CORTICOIDS , 1965, Acta neurologica Scandinavica. Supplementum.

[33]  R. Joynt,et al.  Tonic seizures as a manifestation of multiple sclerosis. , 1962, Archives of neurology.

[34]  H. Miller,et al.  Multiple sclerosis. Treatment of acute exacerbations with corticotrophin (A.C.T.H.). , 1961, Lancet.

[35]  R. Salassa,et al.  Postoperative adrenal cortical insufficiency; occurrence in patients previously treated with cortisone. , 1953, Journal of the American Medical Association.

[36]  I. Zeeberg,et al.  Evoked potentials in multiple sclerosis before and after high-dose methylprednisolone infusion. , 1986, European neurology.

[37]  H. Shibasaki,et al.  Painful tonic seizure in multiple sclerosis. , 1974, Archives of neurology.