Composting of municipal solid waste and sewage sludge: Potential for fuel gas production in a developing country

Abstract This paper reviews alternatives for composting of combined municipal solid waste (MSW) and sewage sludge in a developing country, Vietnam. Near-term Vietnamese plans are for aerobic composting. Anaerobic composting of the same waste stream using a landfill reactor, i.e., ‘controlled landfilling’, is also evaluated. Anaerobic composting should provide a major energy benefit in terms of fuel gas recovery to maximum potential from the waste.