Modeling Techniques for Dynamic and Steady-State Analysis of Modular Multilevel DC/DC Converters

A new class of modular multilevel dc/dc converters has recently emerged that eliminates the traditional full-rated intermediate ac stage inherent to two-stage dc/dc converter structures, that is, two cascaded dc/ac modular multilevel converters (MMCs). This paper introduces the first averaged dynamic state-space model for this new class of single-stage dc/dc converter, called the DC-MMC, which captures all input and output terminal dynamics as well as internal capacitor dynamics. Based on the developed analytical model, a dynamic phasor model is derived to accommodate the multifrequency components that exist at steady state. The phasor model enables: 1) solving for the full steady-state solution of the DC-MMC under arbitrary loading and 2) evaluation of DC-MMC open-loop stability via eigenvalue analysis. These analyses are not possible with existing DC-MMC models. Simulations of a comprehensive switched model verify the accuracy of the presented analytical models, which represent valuable study tools for the analysis of emerging modular multilevel dc/dc converters containing multiple frequency components.