Secondary electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (SESI-MS) breathprinting of multiple bacterial lung pathogens, a mouse model study.

Bacterial pneumonia is one of the leading causes of disease-related morbidity and mortality in the world, in part because the diagnostic tools for pneumonia are slow and ineffective. To improve the diagnosis success rates and treatment outcomes for bacterial lung infections, we are exploring the use of secondary electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (SESI-MS) breath analysis as a rapid, noninvasive method for determining the etiology of lung infections in situ. Using a murine lung infection model, we demonstrate that SESI-MS breathprints can be used to distinguish mice that are infected with one of seven lung pathogens: Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, Moraxella catarrhalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, representing the primary causes of bacterial pneumonia worldwide. After applying principal components analysis, we observed that with the first three principal components (primarily comprised of data from 14 peaks), all infections were separable via SESI-MS breathprinting (P < 0.0001). Therefore, we have shown the potential of this SESI-MS approach for rapidly detecting and identifying acute bacterial lung infections in situ via breath analysis.

[1]  Jiangjiang Zhu,et al.  Detecting bacterial lung infections: in vivo evaluation of in vitro volatile fingerprints , 2013, Journal of breath research.

[2]  Claude Guillou,et al.  Mass spectrometry fingerprinting coupled to National Institute of Standards and Technology Mass Spectral search algorithm for pattern recognition. , 2012, Analytica chimica acta.

[3]  Mayli Lung,et al.  Molecular diagnosis in HAP/VAP , 2012, Current opinion in critical care.

[4]  David Smith,et al.  An investigation of suitable bag materials for the collection and storage of breath samples containing hydrogen cyanide , 2012, Journal of breath research.

[5]  F. Herrero,et al.  Microbiology and Risk Factors for Community-Acquired Pneumonia , 2012, Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine.

[6]  S. Esposito,et al.  Unsolved problems in the approach to pediatric community-acquired pneumonia , 2012, Current opinion in infectious diseases.

[7]  Jian-Dong Jiang,et al.  In vivo antibacterial activity of chinfloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone antibiotic. , 2012, The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy.

[8]  A. Ciapponi,et al.  Epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia in children of Latin America and the Caribbean: a systematic review and meta-analysis. , 2012, International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases.

[9]  W. Vautz,et al.  Comparison of metabolites in exhaled breath and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples in a mouse model of asthma. , 2011, Journal of applied physiology.

[10]  P. Foster,et al.  Haemophilus influenzae Infection Drives IL-17-Mediated Neutrophilic Allergic Airways Disease , 2011, PLoS pathogens.

[11]  Deborah A Hogan,et al.  Hemolytic phospholipase C inhibition protects lung function during Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. , 2011, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[12]  M. Peppelenbosch,et al.  Kinase Activity Profiling of Gram-Negative Pneumonia , 2011, Molecular medicine.

[13]  H. Bean,et al.  Characterizing Bacterial Volatiles using Secondary Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (SESI-MS) , 2011, Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE.

[14]  A. Smyth,et al.  Pneumonia in the developed world. , 2011, Paediatric respiratory reviews.

[15]  S. Cristoni,et al.  Secondary electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry: breath study on a control group , 2011, Journal of breath research.

[16]  R. Vance,et al.  Secreted Bacterial Effectors That Inhibit Host Protein Synthesis Are Critical for Induction of the Innate Immune Response to Virulent Legionella pneumophila , 2011, PLoS pathogens.

[17]  R. Laing,et al.  2-Aminoacetophenone as a potential breath biomarker for Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the cystic fibrosis lung , 2010, BMC pulmonary medicine.

[18]  Jiangjiang Zhu,et al.  Fast Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds from Bacterial Cultures by Secondary Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry , 2010, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[19]  R. Flavell,et al.  The pattern recognition receptors Nod1 and Nod2 account for neutrophil recruitment to the lungs of mice infected with Legionella pneumophila. , 2010, Microbes and infection.

[20]  J. Cavaillon,et al.  Contribution of NOD2 to lung inflammation during Staphylococcus aureus-induced pneumonia. , 2010, Microbes and infection.

[21]  T. Welte,et al.  Clinical and economic burden of community-acquired pneumonia among adults in Europe , 2010, Thorax.

[22]  Q. Jöbsis,et al.  Metabolomics of Volatile Organic Compounds in Cystic Fibrosis Patients and Controls , 2010, Pediatric Research.

[23]  W. Vautz,et al.  Analyses of mouse breath with ion mobility spectrometry: a feasibility study. , 2010, Journal of applied physiology.

[24]  Graham Bothamley,et al.  Breath biomarkers of active pulmonary tuberculosis. , 2010, Tuberculosis.

[25]  Demosthenes Bouros,et al.  Community acquired bacterial pneumonia , 2010, Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy.

[26]  S. Cristoni,et al.  MALDI-MS-NIST library approach for colorectal cancer diagnosis. , 2009, Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM.

[27]  D. Murdoch,et al.  Detection of 2-pentylfuran in the breath of patients with Aspergillus fumigatus. , 2009, Medical mycology.

[28]  Lauren E. Manning,et al.  The scent of Mycobacterium tuberculosis--part II breath. , 2009, Tuberculosis.

[29]  P. Martínez-Lozano,et al.  On-line detection of human skin vapors , 2009, Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry.

[30]  R. Scott,et al.  The Direct medical costs of healthcare-associated infections in U.S. hospitals and the benefits of prevention , 2009 .

[31]  S. Akira,et al.  Th2 allergic immune response to inhaled fungal antigens is modulated by TLR‐4‐independent bacterial products , 2009, European journal of immunology.

[32]  Mauricio Valencia,et al.  Ventilator-associated pneumonia , 2009, Current opinion in critical care.

[33]  Tomas Mikoviny,et al.  On-Line Monitoring of Microbial Volatile Metabolites by Proton Transfer Reaction-Mass Spectrometry , 2008, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[34]  C. Mathers Global Burden of Disease , 2008 .

[35]  P. Martínez-Lozano,et al.  Electrospray ionization of volatiles in breath , 2007 .

[36]  H. Mollenkopf,et al.  Comparative transcriptional profiling of the lung reveals shared and distinct features of Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza A virus infection , 2007, Immunology.

[37]  D. Cardo,et al.  Estimating Health Care-Associated Infections and Deaths in U.S. Hospitals, 2002 , 2007, Public health reports.

[38]  Olaf Tietje,et al.  Volatile biomarkers of pulmonary tuberculosis in the breath. , 2007, Tuberculosis.

[39]  T. Ebensen,et al.  Intranasal Vaccination with Recombinant Outer Membrane Protein CD and Adamantylamide Dipeptide as the Mucosal Adjuvant Enhances Pulmonary Clearance of Moraxella catarrhalis in an Experimental Murine Model , 2006, Infection and Immunity.

[40]  Erica R Thaler,et al.  Correlation of Pneumonia Score with Electronic Nose Signature: A Prospective Study , 2005, The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology.

[41]  David Smith,et al.  Detection of volatile compounds emitted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry , 2005, Pediatric pulmonology.

[42]  J. Rello Bench-to-bedside review: Therapeutic options and issues in the management of ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia , 2004, Critical care.

[43]  Erica R Thaler,et al.  Diagnosis of Pneumonia With an Electronic Nose: Correlation of Vapor Signature With Chest Computed Tomography Scan Findings , 2004, The Laryngoscope.

[44]  H. Razavi,et al.  Pulmonary neutrophil infiltration in murine sepsis: role of inducible nitric oxide synthase. , 2004, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[45]  A. Forsgren,et al.  Immunization with the truncated adhesin moraxella catarrhalis immunoglobulin D-binding protein (MID764-913) is protective against M. catarrhalis in a mouse model of pulmonary clearance. , 2004, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[46]  David Smith,et al.  Selected ion flow tube, SIFT, studies of the reactions of H3O+, NO+ and O2+ with compounds released by Pseudomonas and related bacteria , 2004 .

[47]  James M. Wilson,et al.  Toll-Like Receptor 4 Mediates Innate Immune Responses to Haemophilus influenzae Infection in Mouse Lung1 , 2002, The Journal of Immunology.

[48]  M. Phillips,et al.  Variation in volatile organic compounds in the breath of normal humans. , 1999, Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications.

[49]  R. Butler The breath. , 1999, Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987).

[50]  T. Murphy,et al.  Outer-membrane antigen expression by Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis influences pulmonary clearance. , 1998, Journal of medical microbiology.

[51]  T. Standiford,et al.  Alveolar macrophages are required for protective pulmonary defenses in murine Klebsiella pneumonia: elimination of alveolar macrophages increases neutrophil recruitment but decreases bacterial clearance and survival , 1997, Infection and immunity.

[52]  B. Corrin,et al.  Pulmonary histiocytosis simulating desquamative interstitial pneumonia in rats receiving oral iprindole , 1972, The Journal of pathology.