Weak and Strong Triggers

The idea that presupposition triggers have different intrinsic properties has gradually made its way into the literature on presuppositions and become a current assumption in most approaches. The distinctions mentioned in the different works have been based on introspective data, which seem, indeed, very suggestive. In this paper, we take a different look at some of these distinctions by using a simple experimental approach based on judgment of naturalness about sentences in various contexts. We show that the alleged difference between weak (or soft) and strong (or hard) triggers is not as clear as one may wish and that the claim that they belong to different lexical classes of triggers is probably much too strong.

[1]  Illtyd Trethowan Causality , 1938 .

[2]  Lauri Karttunen,et al.  Some observations on factivity , 1971 .

[3]  Gennaro Chierchia,et al.  Meaning and Grammar: An Introduction to Semantics , 1990 .

[4]  Henk Zeevat,et al.  Presupposition and Accommodation in Update Semantics , 1992, J. Semant..

[5]  B. Geurts Presuppositions and Pronouns , 1999 .

[6]  J. Pearl Causality: Models, Reasoning and Inference , 2000 .

[7]  David Beaver,et al.  3: Have You Noticed that Your Belly Button Lint Color is Related to the Color of Your Clothing? , 2002 .

[8]  C. Kauschke,et al.  Early lexical development in German: a study on vocabulary growth and vocabulary composition during the second and third year of life , 2002, Journal of Child Language.

[9]  Dorit Abusch,et al.  Lexical Alternatives as a Source of Pragmatic Presuppositions , 2002 .

[10]  Bart Geurts,et al.  Interpreting focus , 2004 .

[11]  Christopher Potts The logic of conventional implicatures , 2004 .

[12]  Regine Eckardt,et al.  Comments to interpreting focus by Bart Geurts and Rob Van der Sandt , 2004 .

[13]  Brad Abbott,et al.  Where have some of the presuppositions gone , 2006 .

[14]  P. Kleingeld,et al.  The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy , 2013 .

[15]  Mandy Simons,et al.  Observations on embedding verbs, evidentiality, and presupposition , 2007 .

[16]  Irene Heim,et al.  On the Projection Problem for Presuppositions , 2008 .

[17]  Jacques Jayez Projective Meaning and Attachment , 2009, Amsterdam Colloquium on Logic, Language and Meaning.

[18]  David I. Beaver,et al.  What projects and why , 2010 .

[19]  Dorit Abusch,et al.  Presupposition Triggering from Alternatives , 2010, J. Semant..

[20]  V. Mongelli,et al.  How hard are hard triggers , 2012 .

[21]  Daniel Lassiter,et al.  Presuppositions, provisos, and probability , 2012 .

[22]  Christopher C. Cummins,et al.  Backgrounding and accommodation of presuppositions: an experimental approach , 2013 .

[23]  F. Petit Dire et ne pas dire , 2013 .

[24]  Daniel Gutzmann,et al.  Expressives and beyond: An introduction to varieties of use-conditional meaning , 2013 .

[25]  Patrícia Amaral,et al.  A Cross-Linguistic Study on Information Backgrounding and Presupposition Projection , 2015 .

[26]  Ludwig A. Hothorn,et al.  nparcomp: An R Software Package for Nonparametric Multiple Comparisons and Simultaneous Confidence Intervals , 2015 .

[27]  Jacques Jayez,et al.  Orthogonality and Presuppositions: A Bayesian Perspective , 2015 .