Copper Adsorption with Pb and Cd in Sand-Bentonite Liners Under Various pHs. Part I. Effect on Total Adsorption

Abstract Municipal solid wastes could be segregated based on their specific heavy metal content and disposing of them in separate landfill cells. Therefore, the objective of the project was to investigate the interaction between copper (Cu) and either lead (Pb) or cadmium (Cd) using equilibrium batch adsorption experiments. A first test consisted of soaking three types of sand-bentonite liner samples (0, 5, and 10% bentonite) with a respective cation exchange capacities (CEC) of 2, 6.4, and 10.8 cmol(+)/kg in one of nine solutions consisting of a combination of three pH levels (3.7, 5.5, and 7.5) and three heavy metal solutions (Cu alone, Cu with Cd, Cu with Pb) each offering a respective heavy metal equivalence of 1, 2, and 2 cmol(+)/kg of liner. A second test set consisted in soaking 5% bentonite liner samples in three solutions at a pH of 3.7, with either Cu alone or with Pb or Cd, at 4.8 cmol(+)/kg of liner. For up to 14 days, duplicate samples were sacrificed to determine the supernatant Cu level and pH. The results indicated that under acidic conditions (pH< 6.5), the liner bentonite content, the solution pH and the presence of Pb or Cd significantly influenced Cu adsorption. Lead, and to a lesser extent Cd, competed with Cu for adsorption sites. Under alkaline conditions (pH> 6.5), carbonate and hydroxyl precipitation governed and masked the Pb and Cd competition. Thus, at low pH, limiting the presence of Pb in landfill leachate can improve Cu adsorption.