Applications of cold plasma technology in food packaging

Cold plasma technology is an emerging, green process offering many potential applications for food packaging. While it was originally developed to increase the surface energy of polymers, enhancing adhesion and printability, it has recently emerged as a powerful tool for surface decontamination of both foodstuffs and food packaging materials. New trends aim to develop in-package decontamination, offering non-thermal treatment of foods post-packaging. This paper provides an overview of cold plasma theory, equipment and summarises recent advances in the modification of polymeric food packaging materials along with potential applications in the food industry.

[1]  U. Stroth,et al.  Silicon Oxide Barrier Coatings Deposited on Polymer Materials for Applications in Food Packaging Industry , 2009 .

[2]  Q. Yu,et al.  Surface characterization of low‐temperature cascade arc plasma–treated low‐density polyethylene using contact angle measurements , 2006 .

[3]  Y. Akishev,et al.  Studies on cold plasma–polymer surface interaction by example of PP- and PET-films , 2008 .

[4]  P. Bertrand,et al.  Characterization of Polypropylene Surface Treated in a CO2 Plasma , 2003 .

[5]  D. Dowling,et al.  Influence of Gas Type on the Thermal Efficiency of Microwave Plasmas for the Sintering of Metal Powders , 2011 .

[6]  M. Kushner,et al.  A model for plasma modification of polypropylene using atmospheric pressure discharges , 2003 .

[7]  K. Gotoh,et al.  Water Contact Angles on Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Film Exposed to Atmospheric Pressure Plasma , 2011 .

[8]  F. Poncin‐Epaillard,et al.  Improvement of Water Barrier Properties of Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) Films by Hydrophobic Plasma Surface Treatments , 2012 .

[9]  A. Ellingboe,et al.  Spatial structure of plasma potential oscillation and ion saturation current in VHF multi-tile electrode plasma source , 2011 .

[10]  P. Dubruel,et al.  Plasma modification of PET foils with different crystallinity , 2011 .

[11]  N. Inagaki,et al.  Surface characterization of plasma‐modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) film surfaces , 2004 .

[12]  F. Poncin‐Epaillard,et al.  Characterization of CO2 plasma-treated polyethylene surface bearing carboxylic groups , 2002 .

[13]  K. Keener,et al.  Safety and quality assessment of packaged spinach treated with a novel ozone-generation system , 2009 .

[14]  M. Strobel,et al.  Aging of air-corona-treated polypropylene film , 1991 .

[15]  B. Meenan,et al.  Surface oxidation of a Melinex 800 PET polymer material modified by an atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and contact angle measurement , 2007 .

[16]  V. Guillard,et al.  Effect of Novel Food Processing Methods on Packaging: Structure, Composition, and Migration Properties , 2010, Critical reviews in food science and nutrition.

[17]  C. Riccardi,et al.  Plasma processing for surface optical modifications of PET films , 2007 .

[18]  M. D. Del Nobile,et al.  Controlled release of antimicrobial compounds from highly swellable polymers. , 2004, Journal of food protection.

[19]  D. Dowling,et al.  Activation of PET Using an RF Atmospheric Plasma System , 2013, Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing.

[20]  A. Ellingboe,et al.  Influence of plasma chemistry on oxygen triplets , 2011 .

[21]  O. Assis,et al.  Surface hydrophobic modification of chitosan thin films by hexamethyldisilazane plasma deposition: effects on water vapour, CO2 and O2 permeabilities , 2007 .

[22]  Keun-Taik Lee Quality and safety aspects of meat products as affected by various physical manipulations of packaging materials. , 2010, Meat science.

[23]  L. Sorrentino,et al.  Ageing time of wettability on polypropylene surfaces processed by cold plasma , 2004 .

[24]  F. Poncin‐Epaillard,et al.  Cold plasma surface modification of conventionally and nonconventionally plasticized poly(vinyl chloride)‐based flexible films: Global and specific migration of additives into isooctane , 2001 .

[25]  J. Tascón,et al.  Surface characterisation of plasma-modified poly(ethylene terephthalate). , 2006, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[26]  M. Mutlu,et al.  Modification of Food-Contacting Surfaces by Plasma Polymerization Technique: Reducing the Biofouling of Microorganisms on Stainless Steel Surface , 2009, Food and Bioprocess Technology.

[27]  L. Sorrentino,et al.  Oxygen cold plasma treatment on polypropylene: influence of process parameters on surface wettability , 2007 .

[28]  M. Rättö,et al.  Antimicrobial activity of glucose oxidase‐immobilized plasma‐activated polypropylene films , 2005 .

[29]  M. Bousmina,et al.  The effect of glow discharge plasma on the surface properties of Poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) film , 2008 .

[30]  R. Balart,et al.  Durability of the wettability properties of a polypropylene film with a low‐pressure CH4–O2 plasma treatment , 2008 .

[31]  B D Ratner,et al.  Surface modification of polymers: chemical, biological and surface analytical challenges. , 1995, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[32]  G. Moroni,et al.  Cold plasma treatment of polypropylene surface: a study on wettability and adhesion , 2002 .

[33]  Sophie Lerouge,et al.  Plasma Sterilization: A Review of Parameters, Mechanisms, and Limitations , 2001 .

[34]  P. Murányi,et al.  Influence of relative gas humidity on the inactivation efficiency of a low temperature gas plasma , 2008, Journal of applied microbiology.

[35]  P. Awakowicz,et al.  Pulsed microwave plasma polymerization of silicon oxide films: Application of efficient permeation barriers on polyethylene terephthalate , 2008 .

[36]  P. Murányi,et al.  Sterilization efficiency of a cascaded dielectric barrier discharge , 2007, Journal of applied microbiology.

[37]  A. Ellingboe,et al.  Characterization of the pulse plasma source , 2007 .

[38]  A. Gutsol,et al.  Nonthermal Plasma as a Novel Food Processing Technology , 2011 .

[39]  Yihe Zhang,et al.  Surface antibacterial characteristics of plasma‐modified polyethylene , 2006, Biopolymers.

[40]  J. Park,et al.  Engineering biocompatible implant surfaces , 2013 .

[41]  P. Pedrow,et al.  Cold Atmospheric-Pressure Plasmas Applied to Active Packaging of Apples , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science.

[42]  Junling Gao,et al.  Plasma sterilization using the RF glow discharge , 2009 .

[43]  A. Salem,et al.  Effect of low-pressure O2 and Ar plasma treatments on the wettability and morphology of biaxial-oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film , 2007 .

[44]  J. Tascón,et al.  Effects of oxygen and carbon dioxide plasmas on the surface of poly(ethylene terephthalate). , 2005, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[45]  U. Stroth,et al.  Investigations of plasma polymerized SiOx barrier films for polymer food packaging , 2011 .

[46]  Paw Dalgaard,et al.  Atmospheric pressure plasma produced inside a closed package by a dielectric barrier discharge in Ar/CO2 for bacterial inactivation of biological samples , 2011 .

[47]  J. Watts,et al.  Surface physico‐chemistry of corona‐discharge‐treated poly(ethylene terephthalate) film , 2002 .

[48]  M. Gasson,et al.  Mode of antimicrobial action of vanillin against Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus plantarum and Listeria innocua , 2004, Journal of applied microbiology.

[49]  N. Gomathi,et al.  Surface modification of polypropylene using argon plasma: Statistical optimization of the process variables , 2009 .

[50]  Ladislav Bardos,et al.  Cold atmospheric plasma: Sources, processes, and applications , 2010 .

[51]  H. Kaczmarek,et al.  The influence of side groups and polarity of polymers on the kind and effectiveness of their surface modification by air plasma action , 2002 .

[52]  M. Sedliačiková,et al.  Anti-bacterial Treatment of Polyethylene by Cold Plasma for Medical Purposes , 2012, Molecules.

[53]  V. Prysiazhnyi,et al.  Influence of humidity on atmospheric pressure air plasma treatment of aluminium surfaces , 2012 .

[54]  F. Debeaufort,et al.  Modified arabinoxylan-based films. Part B. Grafting of omega-3 fatty acids by oxygen plasma and electron beam irradiation. , 2003, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[55]  A. Ghaly,et al.  Immobilization of glucose oxidase in chitosan gel beads , 2004 .

[56]  John Ringwood,et al.  Real-time plasma control in a dual-frequency, confined plasma etcher , 2008 .

[57]  C. M. Ryu,et al.  Inhibition of aging in plasma-treated high-density polyethylene , 2002 .

[58]  R. Balart,et al.  Study of the aging process of corona discharge plasma effects on low density polyethylene film surface , 2008 .

[59]  Milena Sinigaglia,et al.  Effect of Ag‐containing Nano‐composite Active Packaging System on Survival of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris , 2004 .

[60]  I. Radu,et al.  Biaxially Oriented Polypropylene (BOPP) Surface Modification by Nitrogen Atmospheric Pressure Glow Discharge (APGD) and by Air Corona , 2002 .

[61]  F. Poncin‐Epaillard,et al.  Reactivity of surface groups formed onto a plasma treated poly(propylene) film , 1999 .

[62]  Xiang-ning He,et al.  Polypropylene surface modification model in atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge , 2006 .

[63]  S. Moradian,et al.  Investigating the effect of power/time in the wettability of Ar and O2 gas plasma-treated low-density polyethylene , 2009 .

[64]  M. Ozdemir,et al.  Physical polymer surface modification methods and applications in food packaging polymers. , 1999, Critical reviews in food science and nutrition.

[65]  C. Cepek,et al.  The Effects of Cold Plasma Treatments on LDPE Wettability and Curing Kinetic of a Polyurethane Adhesive , 2001 .

[66]  Peter Awakowicz,et al.  Permeation mechanisms of pulsed microwave plasma deposited silicon oxide films for food packaging applications , 2008 .

[67]  C. Anderson,et al.  Surface oxygenation of polypropylene using an air dielectric barrier discharge: the effect of different electrode-platen combinations , 2004 .

[68]  M. A. Nobile,et al.  Plasma deposition processes from acrylic/methane on natural fibres to control the kinetic release of lysozyme from PVOH monolayer film , 2011 .

[69]  Y. Uemura,et al.  The effect of coatings formed by low temperature tetramethoxysilane plasma treatment on water-vapor permeability of poly(L-lactic acid) film , 2006 .

[70]  Changyou Gao,et al.  Adhesive properties of polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film surfaces treated by DC glow discharge plasma , 2008 .

[71]  Cem Gunesoglu,et al.  Improving the Antibacterial Property of Polyethylene Terephthalate by Cold Plasma Treatment , 2012, Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing.

[72]  R. Mota,et al.  Surface energy increase of oxygen-plasma-treated PET , 2003 .

[73]  Hasan Sadikoglu,et al.  A new and emerging technology: Laser-induced surface modification of polymers , 1998 .

[74]  J. Connolly,et al.  Decontamination of Bacillus subtilis Spores in a Sealed Package Using a Non-thermal Plasma System , 2012 .

[75]  H. Bindslev,et al.  Decontamination of objects in a sealed container by means of atmospheric pressure plasmas , 2011 .

[76]  H. Kaczmarek,et al.  Air plasma or UV-irradiation applied to surface modification of pectin/poly(vinyl alcohol) blends , 2010 .

[77]  Paola Appendini,et al.  Review of antimicrobial food packaging , 2002 .

[78]  P. Murányi,et al.  Modification of bacterial structures by a low‐temperature gas plasma and influence on packaging material , 2010, Journal of applied microbiology.

[79]  F. Poncin‐Epaillard,et al.  CO2, H2O, and CO2/H2O Plasma Chemistry for Polyethylene Surface Modification , 2002 .

[80]  O. Fenollar,et al.  Surface characterization of hydrophilic coating obtained by low‐pressure CH4O2 plasma treatment on a polypropylene film , 2009 .

[81]  M. Chehimi,et al.  Study of adhesion and surface properties of low-density poly(ethylene) pre-treated by cold discharge plasma† , 2007 .

[82]  Miran Mozetič,et al.  Surface modification and ageing of PMMA polymer by oxygen plasma treatment , 2012 .

[83]  A. Perwuelz,et al.  Polypropylene film chemical and physical modifications by dielectric barrier discharge plasma treatment at atmospheric pressure. , 2008, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[84]  Patrick J. Cullen,et al.  Nonthermal Plasma Inactivation of Food-Borne Pathogens , 2011 .

[85]  Patrick J. Cullen,et al.  Characterization and antimicrobial efficacy against E. coli of a helium/air plasma at atmospheric pressure created in a plastic package , 2013 .

[86]  P. Murányi,et al.  Investigation of the practicability of low-pressure microwave plasmas in the sterilisation of food packaging materials at industrial level , 2005 .

[87]  A. Macková,et al.  Argon plasma irradiation of polypropylene , 2010 .

[88]  N O'Connor,et al.  Development of a real time monitor and multivariate method for long term diagnostics of atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharges: application to He, He/N2, and He/O2 discharges. , 2011, The Review of scientific instruments.

[89]  M. Turner,et al.  Phase-resolved optical emission spectroscopy for an electron cyclotron resonance etcher , 2013 .

[90]  Hasan Sadikoglu,et al.  Surface treatment of food packaging polymers plasmas , 1999 .

[91]  D. Dixon,et al.  Atmospheric Dielectric Barrier Discharge Treatments of Polyethylene, Polypropylene, Polystyrene and Poly(ethylene terephthalate) for Enhanced Adhesion , 2012 .

[92]  S. Alzamora,et al.  Inhibitory effects of vanillin on some food spoilage yeasts in laboratory media and fruit purées. , 1996, International journal of food microbiology.

[93]  S. Sabesan,et al.  Antimicrobial activity of chitosan attached to ethylene copolymer films , 2009 .

[94]  K. Keener,et al.  Characterization of a Novel Cold Atmospheric Air Plasma System for Treatment of Packaged Liquid Food Products , 2012 .

[95]  Susanne Knøchel,et al.  Cold atmospheric pressure plasma treatment of ready-to-eat meat: inactivation of Listeria innocua and changes in product quality. , 2012, Food microbiology.

[96]  G. Palmese,et al.  Toughening vinyl ester networks with polypropylene meso-fibers: Interface modification and composite properties , 2011 .