Natural Convection in Active and Passive Solar Thermal Systems

Publisher Summary This chapter provides a review of those aspects of natural convection research that are applicable to solar-system design and analysis. Solar ponds are not included because their convection phenomena are double diffusive and require a different kind of analysis. Solar collectors are generally categorized as “active” or “passive.” Active collectors depend upon the use of external pumps or fans to function properly. Passive collectors depend entirely upon natural convection to transport energy from the point of collection to the point of use. Moreover, natural convection is a primary heat-transport mechanism in solar buildings. In recent years, research has been conducted on heat transfer by natural convection in enclosures with complex geometries and nonuniform thermal-boundary conditions such as those found in real building applications. As a result of this research, it is now possible to predict thermal-stratification and heat-transfer rates as a function of thermal-boundary conditions in rectangular and triangular enclosures, as well as in simple single-level, multizone configurations.

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