Current Status of the Molecular Clock Hypothesis

changing field with new developments almost from day to day. One interesting hypothesis that has come from our ability to sequence proteins and/or genes is that of the molecular clock. This hypothesis postulates that the rate of evolution in a macromolecule measured by changes in amino acid sequences and more recently by nucleotide sequences is roughly constant overtime. If this hypothesis was valid across all taxa it would be a valuable tool for estimating divergence times as well as validating phylogenetic relationships (Doolittle, et al., 1996).

[1]  C. de Vargas,et al.  Molecular versus taxonomic rates of evolution in planktonic foraminifera. , 1998, Molecular phylogenetics and evolution.

[2]  Wen-Hsiung Li,et al.  The molecular clock ticks regularly in muroid rodents and hamsters , 1992, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

[3]  Ohta Tomoko Synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions in mammalian genes and the nearly neutral theory , 2004, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

[4]  J. Gillespie On Ohta's hypothesis: Most amino acid substitutions are deleterious , 2004, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

[5]  Wen-Hsiung Li,et al.  So, what about the molecular clock hypothesis? , 1993, Current opinion in genetics & development.

[6]  Wen-Hsiung Li,et al.  The molecular clock runs more slowly in man than in apes and monkeys , 1987, Nature.

[7]  J. Filipski,et al.  Why the rate of silent codon substitutions is variable within a vertebrate's genome. , 1988, Journal of theoretical biology.

[8]  Andrew P. Martin,et al.  Body size, metabolic rate, generation time, and the molecular clock. , 1993, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[9]  D. Mindell Fundamentals of molecular evolution , 1991 .

[10]  F J Ayala,et al.  Molecular clock or erratic evolution? A tale of two genes. , 1996, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[11]  R. Britten,et al.  Rates of DNA sequence evolution differ between taxonomic groups. , 1986, Science.

[12]  S. Easteal,et al.  The pattern of mammalian evolution and the relative rate of molecular evolution. , 1990, Genetics.

[13]  M. Novacek,et al.  Amino acid sequence versus morphological data and the interordinal relationships of mammals. , 1987, Molecular biology and evolution.

[14]  T. Ohta THE NEARLY NEUTRAL THEORY OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION , 1992 .

[15]  F J Ayala,et al.  Molecular clock mirages. , 1999, BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology.

[16]  T. Ohta An examination of the generation-time effect on molecular evolution. , 1993, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[17]  W. Li,et al.  Evidence for higher rates of nucleotide substitution in rodents than in man. , 1985, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[18]  M. Kimura Evolutionary Rate at the Molecular Level , 1968, Nature.

[19]  Wen-Hsiung Li,et al.  Fundamentals of molecular evolution , 1990 .

[20]  R. Doolittle,et al.  Determining Divergence Times of the Major Kingdoms of Living Organisms with a Protein Clock , 1996, Science.