Spectrum Bidding and Pricing in Cognitive Radio Networks

To improve utilization of the television (TV) bands,a hierarchical spectrum trading model is presented to analyze the interaction among TV broadcasters,wireless regional area network ( WRAN) service providers,and WRAN users. In this model a double auction is established among multiple TV broadcasters and WRAN service providers. In particular,the theory of evolutionary games is used to investigate the dynamics of WRAN user behavior and solution in network selection. A centralized algorithm is proposed to implement the proposed evolutionary game model for network selection. Then,multiple WRAN service providers compete with each other by adjusting the service price charged to WRAN users. To model the competition,a non-cooperative game is formulated. In order to maximize their own profits, every WRAN service provider should seek the optimal spectrum bidding and service pricing strategies. Numerical results are presented on the performance of the spectrum trading model. The proposed framework will improve spectrum utility efficiency,and provide large economic and societal benefits.