Compression Ignition Engines: State‐of‐the‐Art and Current Technologies. Future Trends and Developments

This article presents the basic operation characteristics of compression-ignition (CI) or diesel engines, focusing on those features that are distinctive of these powerplants. Therefore, the focus has been placed on the thermofludynamic phenomena related to air management, injection, and combustion. Moreover, in every section, after presenting the basics, the most important expected technologies and strategies for future improvements are commented. Care has been taken for not repeating information that is contained in other article of the manual. First, the main characteristics, advantages, and challenges of the CI engine are discussed, often in contrast with the alternative SI engine. Then, the main features of the injection combustion and pollutant formation processes are exposed. Even though these processes are completely interrelated and occur partially simultaneously at the same time, an effort has been made to separate their individual aspects in every section. Following, some sections are devoted to the air management requirements such as turbocharging, exhaust gas recirculation, and variable valve timing. Keywords: diesel engines; injection; turbocharging; pollutants; EGR; variable valve timing

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