Stress Models in Biomechanics

In this chapter some applications of experimental stress analysis to biomechanical problems are presented, with special regard to the field of orthopaedics. First, an overview of the basic science applications is provided: this allows to understand the functioning of the musculoskeletal system. Models of the part or of the entire musculoskeletal system are built to describe, interpret and predict its function. Biomechanics also enables to measure the structural and mechanical properties of our musculoskeletal system in itself, and when incorporating an orthopaedic device. In this chapter a description is also provided of the experimental stress analysis tools applied in vitro and in silico to measure the most relevant mechanical quantities (forces, moments, strain, displacement, strength, mode of failure) in musculoskeletal structures. In the last part, a role of biomechanics closer to practical application is described, focusing on the design and validation of orthopaedic implantable devices. This issue is very relevant to manufacturers, practitioners and patients alike, and integrates a large number of biomechanical experiments as well as numerical simulations.

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