Effect of antioxidant on the oxidation stability and combustion–performance–emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with diesel–biodiesel blend

Alexandrian laurel or Calophyllum inophyllum oil is recently considered one of the most anticipated nonconsumable or nonedible biodiesel sources. An attempt has been made in this study to increase the oxidation stability and investigate the engine performance, emission, and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine by adding 1% (by vol.) of two antioxidants, such as 2,6-Di-tert.-butyl-4-methylphenol and 2,2'-methylenebis (4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), in higher percentages of C. inophyllum biodiesel (CB30) with diesel fuel (B0). The experiment was performed on a single-cylinder, water-cooled, direct-injection diesel engine for this purpose. The addition of both antioxidants increased the oxidation stability without significantly changing other physicochemical properties. Results also show that the antioxidants enhanced the start of combustion of biodiesel, which resulted in a short ignition delay. The peak pressure and the peak heat release rate during premixed combustion phase of pure CB30 and its modified blend with antioxidant were higher than those of B0. Both antioxidant blends showed higher brake power, higher brake thermal efficiency, and lower brake specific fuel consumption than pure CB30. Both antioxidants significantly reduced NOX emission; however, CO, HC, and smoke opacity were slightly higher than those of CB30. Based on this study, Alexandrian laurel or C inophyllum biodiesel blend (CB30) with antioxidant can be used as an alternative fuel in a diesel engine without modifications. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

[1]  Gerhard Knothe,et al.  SOME ASPECTS OF BIODIESEL OXIDATIVE STABILITY , 2007 .

[2]  I. M. Rizwanul Fattah,et al.  Performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine fueled with Cocos nucifera and Jatropha curcas B20 blends accompanying antioxidants , 2014 .

[3]  R. Mamat,et al.  Effect of Fuel Temperature on Performance and Emissions of a Common Rail Diesel Engine Operating with Rapeseed Methyl Ester (RME) , 2009, WCE 2009.

[4]  H. Masjuki,et al.  Performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled by an optimum biodiesel–biodiesel blend , 2014 .

[5]  A. Agarwal,et al.  Oxidation Stability, Engine Performance and Emissions Investigations of Karanja, Neem and Jatropha Biodiesel and Blends , 2011 .

[6]  Haji Hassan Masjuki,et al.  Evaluation of n-butanol as an oxygenated additive to improve combustion-emission-performance characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with a diesel-calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel blend , 2015 .

[7]  M. A. Wakil,et al.  Biodiesel production, characterization, engine performance, and emission characteristics of Malaysian Alexandrian laurel oil , 2014 .

[8]  Brajendra Kumar Sharma,et al.  Development of a new oxidation stability test method for lubricating oils using high-pressure differential scanning calorimetry , 2003 .

[9]  H. Sajjad,et al.  Comparative study of gas-to-liquid fuel, B5 diesel and their blends with respect to fuel properties, engine performance and exhaust emissions , 2014 .

[10]  Deog-Keun Kim,et al.  Blending effects of biodiesels on oxidation stability and low temperature flow properties. , 2008, Bioresource technology.

[11]  R. Velraj,et al.  Mitigation of NOx emissions from a jatropha biodiesel fuelled DI diesel engine using antioxidant additives , 2011 .

[12]  Erol Ileri,et al.  Effects of antioxidant additives on engine performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine fueled with canola oil methyl ester–diesel blend , 2013 .

[13]  Kyunghyun Ryu.  Effect of antioxidants on the oxidative stability and combustion characteristics of biodiesel fuels in an indirect-injection (IDI) diesel engine , 2009 .

[14]  Haji Hassan Masjuki,et al.  The effect of additives on properties, performance and emission of biodiesel fuelled compression ignition engine , 2014 .

[15]  Haji Hassan Masjuki,et al.  Prospects of biodiesel from Jatropha in Malaysia , 2012 .

[16]  Robert O. Dunn,et al.  Antioxidants for improving storage stability of biodiesel , 2008 .

[17]  R. Henkel.  Leukocytes and oxidative stress: dilemma for sperm function and male fertility. , 2011, Asian journal of andrology.

[18]  Ramkrishna Sen,et al.  Fuel properties, engine performance and environmental benefits of biodiesel produced by a green process , 2013 .

[19]  Martin Mittelbach,et al.  The impact of antioxidants on biodiesel oxidation stability , 2004 .

[20]  Avinash Kumar Agarwal,et al.  Long-term storage oxidation stability of Karanja biodiesel with the use of antioxidants , 2013 .

[21]  S. Hoekman,et al.  Review of biodiesel composition, properties, and specifications , 2012 .

[22]  H. Masjuki,et al.  Testing palm biodiesel and NPAA additives to control NOx and CO while improving efficiency in diesel engines. , 2008 .

[23]  Medhat A. Nemitallah,et al.  Experimental investigations of ignition delay period and performance of a diesel engine operated with Jatropha oil biodiesel , 2013 .

[24]  Subhash Bhatia,et al.  Feasibility of edible oil vs. non-edible oil vs. waste edible oil as biodiesel feedstock , 2008 .

[25]  The Performance and Emissions of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Tea Seed (Camellia sinensis) Oil Biodiesel-Diesel Fuel Blends , 2014 .

[26]  Mustafa Acaroglu,et al.  Determining the performance, emission and combustion properties of camelina biodiesel blends , 2015 .

[27]  Haji Hassan Masjuki,et al.  An investigation of the engine performance, emissions and combustion characteristics of coconut biodiesel in a high-pressure common-rail diesel engine , 2014 .

[28]  H. K. Rashedul,et al.  Influence of gas-to-liquid (GTL) fuel in the combined blend of Jatropha biodiesel and diesel: an analysis of engine combustion–performance–emission parameters , 2015 .

[29]  Ákos Bereczky,et al.  Engine performance, exhaust emissions and combustion characteristics of a CI engine fuelled with croton megalocarpus methyl ester with antioxidant , 2011 .

[30]  Haji Hassan Masjuki,et al.  Effect of antioxidant on the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with palm biodiesel blends , 2014 .

[31]  Hao Chen,et al.  Combustion and performance evaluation of a diesel engine fueled with biodiesel produced from soybean crude oil , 2009 .

[32]  Haji Hassan Masjuki,et al.  A comprehensive review on biodiesel as an alternative energy resource and its characteristics , 2012 .

[33]  M. A. Amalina,et al.  Effects of Jatropha biodiesel on the performance, emissions, and combustion of a converted common-rail diesel engine , 2014 .

[34]  Saad Mekhilef,et al.  A review on palm oil biodiesel as a source of renewable fuel , 2011 .

[35]  Y.zh. Bian,et al.  Experimental studies on the combustion characteristics and performance of a direct injection engine fueled with biodiesel/diesel blends , 2010 .

[36]  Haji Hassan Masjuki,et al.  Impacts of NOx reducing antioxidant additive on performance and emissions of a multi-cylinder diesel engine fueled with Jatropha biodiesel blends. , 2014 .

[37]  J. V. Gerpen,et al.  The effect of biodiesel oxidation on engine performance and emissions , 2001 .

[38]  Abul Kalam,et al.  Synthetic phenolic antioxidants to biodiesel: path toward NOx reduction of an unmodified indirect injection diesel engine , 2014 .

[39]  H. K. Rashedul,et al.  Performance and emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine running with linseed biodiesel , 2014 .

[40]  G. Balaji,et al.  Experimental investigation to reduce emissions of CI (compression ignition) engine fuelled with methyl ester of cottonseed oil using antioxidant , 2014 .

[41]  Georgios Karavalakis,et al.  Impact of Antioxidant Additives on the Oxidation Stability of Diesel/Biodiesel Blends† , 2010 .

[42]  K. Raja Gopal,et al.  A review on biodiesel production, combustion, emissions and performance , 2009 .

[43]  Haji Hassan Masjuki,et al.  Effect of Additive on Performance of C.I. Engine Fuelled with Bio Diesel , 2012 .

[44]  Z. Huan,et al.  Effects of Antioxidants on the Cetane number, Viscosity, Oxidation Stability, and Thermal Properties of Biodiesel Produced from Nonedible Oils , 2013 .

[45]  A. Kamal-Eldin,et al.  Lipid Oxidation Products and Methods Used for Their Analysis , 2005 .

[46]  I. M. Rizwanul Fattah,et al.  Effect of n-butanol and diethyl ether as oxygenated additives on combustion–emission-performance characteristics of a multiple cylinder diesel engine fuelled with diesel–jatropha biodiesel blend , 2015 .

[47]  Simon Ng,et al.  The oxidative stability of biodiesel: Effects of FAME composition and antioxidant , 2008 .

[48]  H. K. Rashedul,et al.  Stability of biodiesel, its improvement and the effect of antioxidant treated blends on engine performance and emission , 2015 .

[49]  J. Madarasz,et al.  Impact of antioxidant additives on the oxidation stability of biodiesel produced from Croton Megaloc , 2011 .

[50]  Martin Mittelbach,et al.  The influence of antioxidants on the oxidation stability of biodiesel , 2003 .

[51]  Haji Hassan Masjuki,et al.  Properties and use of Moringa oleifera biodiesel and diesel fuel blends in a multi-cylinder diesel engine , 2014 .

[52]  M. A. Wakil,et al.  Experimental investigation of performance and regulated emissions of a diesel engine with Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel blends accompanied by oxidation inhibitors , 2014 .

[53]  Alp Tekin Ergenç,et al.  Effects of soybean biodiesel on a DI diesel engine performance, emission and combustion characteristics , 2014 .

[54]  L. Labecki.  Combustion and emission characteristics of biofuels in diesel engines , 2010 .