Unsteady-Aerodynamic Shape Sensitivities for Airplane Aeroservoelastic Configuration Optimization

Conversion of a general three-dimensional linear unsteady aerodynamic software system to a configuration shape sensitivity code for planar-lifting-surface configurations at subsonic, sonic, supersonic, and hypersonic flows is described. This was achieved by the accomplishment of the following: A global shape design variable sensitivity scheme was formulated based on the complex variable differentiation (CVD) technique. The CVD technique was incorporated into the software system for shape sensitivity analysis. The new capability was validated with the finite difference method and parametric studies on an AGARD swept wing, AGARD wing‐tail configuration, a 60-deg swept wing, and an F-5 wing with a control surface. This selection of test cases covers subsonic to hypersonic planar cases in which singularities in the integrals involved are strong, with aerodynamic interference between lifting surfaces, and including supersonic cases with discontinuous pressure distributions. The most challenging aspects of shape sensitivity analysis for linear unsteady aerodynamics have, thus, been addressed.

[1]  Robert Thomas Jones,et al.  High speed wing theory , 1960 .

[2]  Danny Liu,et al.  UNSTEADY SONIC AERODYNAMICS USING ACCELERATION POTENTIAL APPROACH , 2003 .

[3]  E. Carson Yates,et al.  Aerodynamic sensitivities from subsonic, sonic and supersonic unsteady, nonplanar lifting-surface theory , 1987 .

[4]  D. Liu,et al.  Unsteady supersonic computations of arbitrary wing-body configurations including external stores , 1988 .

[5]  R. Haftka,et al.  Elements of Structural Optimization , 1984 .

[6]  Garret N. Vanderplaats,et al.  Numerical optimization techniques for engineering design , 1999 .

[7]  E. Carson Yates.  Integral-equation methods in steady and unsteady subsonic, transonic, and supersonic aerodynamics for interdisciplinary design , 1993 .

[8]  Joaquim R. R. A. Martins,et al.  High-Fidelity Aerostructural Design Optimization of a Supersonic Business Jet , 2002 .

[9]  Earl H. Dowell,et al.  A New Solution Method for Lifting Surfaces in Subsonic Flow , 1982 .

[10]  Antony Jameson.  Re-Engineering the Design Process Through Computation , 1999 .

[11]  M. J. Rimlinger,et al.  Constrained Multipoint Aerodynamic Shape Optimization Using an Adjoint Formulation and Parallel Computers , 1997 .

[12]  Antony Jameson,et al.  Aerodynamic design via control theory , 1988, J. Sci. Comput..

[13]  D. Sarhaddi,et al.  From Piston Theory to a Unified Hypersonic-Supersonic Lifting Surface Method , 1997 .

[14]  A. M. Cunningham,et al.  Oscillatory supersonic kernel function method for interfering surfaces , 1974 .

[15]  Eli Livne,et al.  Analytic Sensitivities and Approximations in Supersonic and Subsonic Wing/Control Surface Unsteady Aerodynamics , 1997 .

[16]  J. Samareh.  Survey of Shape Parameterization Techniques for High-Fidelity Multidisciplinary Shape Optimization , 2001 .

[17]  G. N. Vanderplaats,et al.  Structural Design Optimization Status and Direction , 1997 .

[18]  D. Sarhaddi,et al.  Recent advances in lifting surface methods , 1996, The Aeronautical Journal (1968).

[19]  D. V. Murthy,et al.  Semianalytical technique for sensitivity analysis of unsteady aerodynamic computations , 1991 .

[20]  Eli Livne,et al.  Integrated Aeroservoelastic Design Optimization of Actively-Controlled Strain-Actuated Flight Vehicles , 2014 .

[21]  Eli Livne,et al.  Design-Oriented Leading-Edge Thrust Force Prediction for Supersonic Lifting Surfaces , 1997 .

[22]  E. Livne,et al.  Aeroservoelastic aspects of wing/control surface planform shape optimization , 1995 .

[23]  J. N. Lyness,et al.  Numerical Differentiation of Analytic Functions , 1967 .

[24]  Danny D. Liu,et al.  Unsteady subsonic aerodynamics for bodies and wings with external stores including wake effect , 1993 .

[25]  C. Farhat,et al.  Coupled Analytical Sensitivity Analysis and Optimization of Three-Dimensional Nonlinear Aeroelastic Systems , 2001 .

[26]  P. Chen,et al.  Unified Hypersonic/Supersonic Panel Method for Aeroelastic Applications to Arbitrary Bodies , 2002 .

[27]  Eli Livne,et al.  Integrated Aeroservoelastic Optimization: Status and Direction , 1999 .

[28]  Eli Livne,et al.  Sensitivities and Approximations for Aeroservoelastic Shape Optimization with Gust Response Constraints , 2006 .