BIOMECHANICS OF THE UPPER LIMB

Abstract Upper limb function allows for complex task accomplishment in reaching, prehension, and manipulation. The upper limb can be examined as a linkage system. The main effector of the upper limb is the hand; the wrist, elbow, and shoulder act to place the hand in space. The description and analysis of function can be assisted by studies using biomechanical principles. Application of this information is especially relevant for orthotic design and prescription. This chapter discusses upper limb biomechanics according to the main joint functions of motion, stability, and strength. The final section addresses specific needs created by trauma or congenital differences.