Tools and Techniques: Electrical Methods

Electrical methods using active sources (direct current (DC) resistivity and induced polarization (IP)) are probably the most widely used near-surface geophysical techniques, particularly for environmental investigations. After first providing a brief historical perspective on the development of these methods, we present a range of field investigation approaches, including surface-based imaging and borehole-based imaging. Forward and inverse modeling approaches are reviewed and a general framework for modeling is presented, including the analysis of time-lapse data and image appraisal. Throughout the chapter, we offer some guidelines on the measurement and modeling of DC resistivity and IP data. Finally, some perspectives on future developments of these methods are offered.

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