Modeling the mighty maple

A method is presented for representing botanical trees, given three-dimensional points and connections. Limbs are modeled as generalized cylinders whose axes are space curves that interpolate the points. A free-form surface connects branching limbs. "Blobby" techniques are used to model the tree trunk as a series of non-circular cross sections. Bark is simulated with a bump map digitized from real world bark; leaves are textures mapped onto simple surfaces.

[1]  T. N. E. Greville,et al.  Theory and applications of spline functions , 1969 .

[2]  Gerald J. Agin.  Representation and description of curved objects , 1972 .

[3]  Frank H Rahn,et al.  An Extension of the Combinatorial Geometry Technique for Modeling Vegetation and Terrain Features , 1974 .

[4]  David F. Rogers,et al.  Mathematical elements for computer graphics , 1976 .

[5]  Thomas W. Sederberg,et al.  Conversion of complex contour line definitions into polygonal element mosaics , 1978, SIGGRAPH.

[6]  Lance Williams,et al.  Casting curved shadows on curved surfaces , 1978, SIGGRAPH.

[7]  I. Good,et al.  Fractals: Form, Chance and Dimension , 1978 .

[8]  I. Faux,et al.  Computational Geometry for Design and Manufacture , 1979 .

[9]  D. Stoyan,et al.  Mandelbrot, B. B., Fractals: Form, Chance, and Dimension. San Francisco. W. H. Freeman and Company. 1977. 352 S., 68 Abb., $14.95 , 1979 .

[10]  Wayne E. Carlson,et al.  Procedure models for generating three-dimensional terrain , 1980, SIGGRAPH '80.

[11]  James F. Blinn,et al.  A Generalization of Algebraic Surface Drawing , 1982, TOGS.

[12]  James D. Foley,et al.  Fundamentals of interactive computer graphics , 1982 .

[13]  Yoichiro Kawaguchi,et al.  A morphological study of the form of nature , 1982, SIGGRAPH.

[14]  Dana H. Ballard,et al.  Splines as embeddings for generalized cylinders , 1982 .

[15]  P. Tomlinson.  Tree architecture. , 1983, American scientist.

[16]  Brian A. Barsky,et al.  Local Control of Bias and Tension in Beta-splines , 1983, TOGS.

[17]  Edward H. Adelson,et al.  The Laplacian Pyramid as a Compact Image Code , 1983, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[18]  Wolfgang Böhm,et al.  A survey of curve and surface methods in CAGD , 1984, Comput. Aided Geom. Des..

[19]  Alvy Ray Smith,et al.  Plants, fractals, and formal languages , 1984, SIGGRAPH.

[20]  Tosiyasu L. Kunii,et al.  Botanical Tree Image Generation , 1984, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[21]  John A. Gregory,et al.  A pentagonal surface patch for computer aided geometric design , 1984, Comput. Aided Geom. Des..

[22]  Richard H. Bartels,et al.  Interpolating splines with local tension, continuity, and bias control , 1984, SIGGRAPH.

[23]  Ahmad H. Nasri,et al.  Polyhedral subdivision methods for free-form surfaces , 1987, TOGS.