Lygistorrhinidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha: Sciaroidea) in early Eocene Cambay amber

One new genus and three new species of Lygistorrhinidae in early Eocene Cambay amber from India are described, which significantly increases our knowledge about this group in the Eocene. Lygistorrhina indica n. sp. is the oldest fossil known from this extant genus. Indorrhina sahnii n. gen. et sp. shows morphological similarities to each of the two extant genera Lygistorrhina and Asiorrhina. Palaeognoriste orientale is the third species known from a group that has only been recorded from Eocene Baltic amber before. The latter finding reveals faunal links between Cambay amber and the probably slightly younger Baltic amber, adding further evidence that faunal exchange between Europe/Asia and India took place before the formation of Cambay amber.

[1]  C. H. Marchiori.  Diptera , 2019, Qeios.

[2]  D. Azar,et al.  New data on the age of the Lower Cretaceous amber outcrops of Lebanon , 2017 .

[3]  S. Gunkel,et al.  Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Cambay Amber Indicate that the Eocene Fauna of the Indian Subcontinent Was Not Isolated , 2017, PloS one.

[4]  A. Sahni,et al.  New early Eocene vertebrate assemblage from western India reveals a mixed fauna of European and Gondwana affinities , 2016 .

[5]  T. Ševčíková,et al.  Molecular phylogeny of the megadiverse insect infraorder Bibionomorpha sensu lato (Diptera) , 2016, PeerJ.

[6]  A. Rasnitsyn,et al.  Sequence and scale of changes in the terrestrial biota during the Cretaceous (based on materials from fossil resins) , 2016 .

[7]  T. C. Moore,et al.  Direct stratigraphic dating of India-Asia collision onset at the Selandian (middle Paleocene, 59 ± 1 Ma) , 2015 .

[8]  S. Singh,et al.  Early Eocene macroflora and associated palynofossils from the Cambay Shale Formation, western India: Phytogeographic and palaeoclimatic implications , 2015 .

[9]  M. Engel,et al.  A Diverse Paleobiota in Early Eocene Fushun Amber from China , 2014, Current Biology.

[10]  M. Engel,et al.  The bees of Early Eocene Cambay amber (Hymenoptera: Apidae) , 2013 .

[11]  L. Papp,et al.  A new species of Lygistorrhina Skuse (Diptera: Sciaroidea: Lygistorrhinidae) from South Africa , 2013, Biodiversity data journal.

[12]  M. Grund.  A Long-Beaked Fungus Gnat in Dominican Amber (Diptera: Lygistorrhinidae) , 2012 .

[13]  D. Grimaldi,et al.  Age constraint on Burmese amber based on U–Pb dating of zircons , 2012 .

[14]  D. Grimaldi,et al.  The extinct genus Pareuthychaeta in Eocene ambers (Diptera: Schizophora: Ephydroidea) , 2012, The Canadian Entomologist.

[15]  D. Srivastava,et al.  Palynology and palynofacies of the early Palaeogene lignite bearing succession of Vastan, Cambay Basin, Western India , 2012 .

[16]  L. Prendini.  Order Palpigradi Thorell, 1888. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness , 2011 .

[17]  T. Pape,et al.  Order Diptera Linnaeus, 1758. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness , 2011 .

[18]  Zhi-qiang Zhang.  An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness , 2011 .

[19]  D. Grimaldi,et al.  The termites of Early Eocene Cambay amber, with the earliest record of the Termitidae (Isoptera) , 2011, ZooKeys.

[20]  J. Thewissen,et al.  Early Eocene warming events and the timing of terrestrial faunal exchange between India and Asia , 2011 .

[21]  D. Grimaldi,et al.  Biogeographic and evolutionary implications of a diverse paleobiota in amber from the early Eocene of India , 2010, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[22]  P. Saraswati,et al.  Age of the Vastan lignite in context of some oldest cenozoic fossil mammals from India , 2010 .

[23]  Vladimir Blagoderov,et al.  Parisognoriste, a new genus of Lygistorrhinidae (Diptera: Sciaroidea) from the Oise amber with redescription of Palaeognoriste Meunier , 2010, ZooKeys.

[24]  S. Williston.  On the Diptera of St. Vincent: West Indies , 2010 .

[25]  J. Ševčík,et al.  Asiorrhina, a new Oriental genus of Lygistorrhinidae (Diptera: Sciaroidea) and its phylogenetic position , 2009 .

[26]  F. W. Edwards.  XXII. British Fungus-Gnats (Diptera, Mycetophilidae). With a revised Generic Classification of the Family , 2009 .

[27]  D. Maddison,et al.  Mesquite: a modular system for evolutionary analysis. Version 2.6 , 2009 .

[28]  Pablo A. Goloboff,et al.  TNT, a free program for phylogenetic analysis , 2008 .

[29]  D. Kent,et al.  Equatorial convergence of India and early Cenozoic climate trends , 2008, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[30]  S. Ibáñez-Bernal,et al.  The family Lygistorrhinidae (Diptera: Sciaroidea) in Mexico and the description of two new species , 2008 .

[31]  G. Hormiga,et al.  Phylogenetic placement of the Tasmanian spider Acrobleps hygrophilus (Araneae, Anapidae) with comments on the evolution of the capture web in Araneoidea , 2008 .

[32]  S. Bajpai,et al.  Age-diagnostic dinoflagellate cysts from the lignite-bearing sediments of the Vastan lignite mine, Surat district, Gujarat, western India , 2008 .

[33]  N. Evenhuis.  New Species of Lygistorrhina Skuse from Fiji (Diptera: Lygistorrhinidae) , 2008 .

[34]  P. Vilkamaa,et al.  New taxa of the Lygistorrhinidae (Diptera: Sciaroidea) and their implications for a phylogenetic analysis of the family , 2005 .

[35]  L. Papp.  New species of Lygistorrhinidae (Diptera) from the Oriental region , 2005 .

[36]  D. Grimaldi,et al.  Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous Ambers, Exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae , 2004 .

[37]  M. Iturralde-Vinent,et al.  Geology of the Amber-Bearing Deposits of the Greater Antilles , 2001 .

[38]  L. Matile.  Une nouvelle espèce afrotropicale du genre Lygistorrhina Skuse (Diptera, Mycetophiloidea, Lygistorrhinidae) , 1996 .

[39]  L. Matile.  Recherches sur la systematique et l'evolution des Keroplatidae (Diptera, Mycetophiloidea) , 1990 .

[40]  L. Matile.  Les Lygistorrhinidae de la region afrotropicale (Diptera: Mycetophiloidea) , 1990 .

[41]  L. Matile.  Diptères Mycetophiloidea de Nouvelle-Calédonie. I: Lygistorrhinidae , 1986 .

[42]  J. McAlpine.  Morphology and Terminology- adults , 1981 .

[43]  F. Thompson.  Notes on the genus Lygistorrhina Skuse with the description of the first Nearctic species , 1975 .

[44]  W. Hennig,et al.  The Diptera fauna of New Zealand as a problem in systematics and zoogeography , 1966 .

[45]  D. P. Kidder,et al.  XIV , 1960, The Sacred Fount.

[46]  W. Hennig.  Flügelgeäder und System der Dipteren unter Berücksichtigung der aus dem Mesozoikum beschriebenen Fossilien. , 1954 .

[47]  F. Shaw,et al.  RELATIONSHIPS OF CERTAIN GENERA OF FUNGUS GNATS OF THE FAMILY MYCETOPHILIDAE , 1951 .

[48]  Ichiji Okada.  Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Fungivoriden-Fauna Japans 5 : Lygistorrhininae (Dipt.) , 1937 .

[49]  F. W. Edwards.  New Brazilian Mycetophilidae (Diptera) , 1932 .

[50]  A. Tonnoir.  Australian Mycetophilidae. Synopsis of the genera , 1929 .

[51]  R. Senior-White.  New Ceylon Diptera, Part IV. , 1925 .

[52]  F. Meunier.  Sur quelques diptères (Bombyliidae, Leptidae, Dolichopodidae, Conopidae et Chironomidae) de l'ambre de la Baltique , 1916 .

[53]  F. W. Edwards.  XXI.—Lygistorrhina urichi, a new Mycetophilid from Trinidad , 1912 .

[54]  F. Meunier.  Un nouveau Mycetophilidae de l'ambre de la Baltique [Dipt.] , 1912, Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France.

[55]  F. Meunier.  Monographie des Cecidomyidae, des Sciaridae, des Mycetophilidae et des Chironomidae de l'ambre de la Baltique , 1904 .

[56]  F. Skuse.  Diptera of Australia. Nematocera.--Supplement II , 1890 .